 | This article needs additional citations for verification .(March 2013) |
This article is a list of diseases of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum).
| | This article needs additional citations for verification .(March 2013) |
This article is a list of diseases of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum).
| Bacterial Canker of Tomato | Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis |
| Bacterial speck | Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato |
| Bacterial spot | Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria |
| Bacterial stem rot and fruit rot | Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora |
| Bacterial wilt | Ralstonia solanacearum |
| Pith necrosis | Pseudomonas corrugata |
| Syringae leaf spot | Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae |
| Aster yellows | Ca. Phytoplasma asteris |
| Tomato big bud | Ca. Phytoplasma sp.; may be multiple agents |
| Alternaria stem canker | |
| Anthracnose | |
| Black mold rot | |
| Black root rot |
|
| Black shoulder | |
| Buckeye rot of tomato | |
| Cercospora leaf mold | |
| Charcoal rot | |
| Corky root rot | |
| Didymella stem rot | |
| Early blight | |
| Fusarium crown and root rot | |
| Fusarium wilt | |
| Gray Leaf Spot | |
| Gray mold |
|
| Late blight | |
| Leaf mold | |
| Phoma rot | |
| Powdery mildew |
|
| Pythium damping-off and fruit rot | |
| Rhizoctonia damping-off and fruit rot |
|
| Rhizopus rot | |
| Septoria leaf spot | |
| Sour rot |
|
| Southern Blight |
|
| Target spot | |
| Verticillium wilt | |
| White mold | |
| Cutworm |
|
| tomato fruitworm |
|
| Tomato hornworm |
|
| Tobacco hornworm |
|
| Brown-tipped pearl | |
| Eggplant borer | |
| Tomato fruit borer | |
| Eggplant leafroller | |
| Potato tuber moth | |
| Tomato borer | |
| Tomato pinworm |
| Root-knot |
|
| Sting | |
| Stubby-root |
|
| Common mosaic of tomato (internal browning of fruit) | Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) |
| Curly top | Curtovirus |
| Potato virus Y | Potato virus Y |
| Pseudo curly top | Tomato pseudo-curly top virus |
| Tomato bushy stunt | Tomato bushy stunt virus |
| Tomato etch | Tobacco etch virus |
| Tomato fern leaf | Cucumber mosaic virus |
| Tomato mosaic | Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) |
| Tomato mottle | Tomato mottle geminivirus |
| Tomato necrosis | Alfalfa mosaic virus |
| Tomato spotted wilt | Tomato spotted wilt virus |
| Tomato yellow leaf curl | Tomato yellow leaf curl virus |
| Tomato yellow top | Tomato yellow top virus |
| Tomato bunchy top | Potato spindle tuber viroid [5] |
| Tomato planto macho | Tomato planto macho viroid |
| Autogenous necrosis | Genetic |
| Fruit pox | Genetic |
| Gold fleck | Genetic |
| Graywall | Undetermined etiology |
The pathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica is a member of the Ascomycota. This necrotrophic fungus is native to East Asia and South East Asia and was introduced into Europe and North America in the early 1900s. The fungus spread rapidly and caused significant tree loss in both regions.
Plant pathology is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens and environmental conditions. Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrate, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues. Plant pathology also involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.
Phytophthora infestans is an oomycete or water mold, a fungus-like microorganism that causes the serious potato and tomato disease known as late blight or potato blight. Early blight, caused by Alternaria solani, is also often called "potato blight". Late blight was a major culprit in the 1840s European, the 1845–1852 Irish, and the 1846 Highland potato famines. The organism can also infect some other members of the Solanaceae. The pathogen is favored by moist, cool environments: sporulation is optimal at 12–18 °C (54–64 °F) in water-saturated or nearly saturated environments, and zoospore production is favored at temperatures below 15 °C (59 °F). Lesion growth rates are typically optimal at a slightly warmer temperature range of 20 to 24 °C.
Dickeya dadantii is a gram-negative bacillus that belongs to the family Pectobacteriaceae. It was formerly known as Erwinia chrysanthemi but was reassigned as Dickeya dadantii in 2005. Members of this family are facultative anaerobes, able to ferment sugars to lactic acid, have nitrate reductase, but lack oxidases. Even though many clinical pathogens are part of the order Enterobacterales, most members of this family are plant pathogens. D. dadantii is a motile, nonsporing, straight rod-shaped cell with rounded ends, much like the other members of the genus, Dickeya. Cells range in size from 0.8 to 3.2 μm by 0.5 to 0.8 μm and are surrounded by numerous flagella (peritrichous).
The tomato is the edible berry of the plant Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as the tomato plant. The species originated in western South America, Mexico, and Central America. The Nahuatl word tomatl gave rise to the Spanish word tomate, from which the English word tomato derived. Its domestication and use as a cultivated food may have originated with the indigenous peoples of Mexico. The Aztecs used tomatoes in their cooking at the time of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, and after the Spanish encountered the tomato for the first time after their contact with the Aztecs, they brought the plant to Europe, in a widespread transfer of plants known as the Columbian exchange. From there, the tomato was introduced to other parts of the European-colonized world during the 16th century.
Rhizoctonia solani is a species of fungus in the order Cantharellales. Basidiocarps are thin, effused, and web-like, but the fungus is more typically encountered in its anamorphic state, as hyphae and sclerotia. The name Rhizoctonia solani is currently applied to a complex of related species that await further research. In its wide sense, Rhizoctonia solani is a facultative plant pathogen with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. It causes various plant diseases such as root rot, damping off, and wire stem. It can also form mycorrhizal associations with orchids.
Pseudomonas syringae is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium with polar flagella. As a plant pathogen, it can infect a wide range of species, and exists as over 50 different pathovars, all of which are available to researchers from international culture collections such as the NCPPB, ICMP, and others.
Pseudomonas amygdali is a Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacterium. It is named after its ability to cause disease on almond trees. Different analyses, including 16S rRNA analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and MLST clearly placed P. amygdali in the P. syringae group together with the species Pseudomonas ficuserectae and Pseudomonas meliae, and 27 pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae/Pseudomonas savastanoi, constituting a single, well-defined phylogenetic group which should be considered as a single species. This phylogenetic group has not been formally named because of the lack of reliable means to differentiate it phenotypically from closely related species, and it is currently known as either genomospecies 2 or phylogroup 3. When it is formally named, the correct name for this new species should be Pseudomonas amygdali, which takes precedence over all the other names of taxa from this group, including Pseudomonas savastanoi, which is and inadequate and confusing name whose use is not recommended.
Xanthomonas is a genus of bacteria, many of which cause plant diseases. There are at least 27 plant associated Xanthomonas spp., that all together infect at least 400 plant species. Different species typically have specific host and/or tissue range and colonization strategies.
Pectobacterium carotovorum is a bacterium of the family Pectobacteriaceae; it used to be a member of the genus Erwinia.
Alternaria solani is a fungal pathogen that produces a disease in tomato and potato plants called early blight. The pathogen produces distinctive "bullseye" patterned leaf spots and can also cause stem lesions and fruit rot on tomato and tuber blight on potato. Despite the name "early," foliar symptoms usually occur on older leaves. If uncontrolled, early blight can cause significant yield reductions. Primary methods of controlling this disease include preventing long periods of wetness on leaf surfaces and applying fungicides. Early blight can also be caused by Alternaria tomatophila, which is more virulent on stems and leaves of tomato plants than Alternaria solani.
Plant disease resistance protects plants from pathogens in two ways: by pre-formed structures and chemicals, and by infection-induced responses of the immune system. Relative to a susceptible plant, disease resistance is the reduction of pathogen growth on or in the plant, while the term disease tolerance describes plants that exhibit little disease damage despite substantial pathogen levels. Disease outcome is determined by the three-way interaction of the pathogen, the plant and the environmental conditions.
Bacterial blight of cotton is a disease affecting the cotton plant resulting from infection by Xanthomonas axonopodis pathovar malvacearum (Xcm) a Gram negative, motile rod-shaped, non spore-forming bacterium with a single polar flagellum
Collar rot is a symptomatically described disease that is usually caused by any one of various fungal and oomycete plant pathogens. It is present where the pathogen causes a lesion localized at or about the collet between the stem and the root. The lesions develop around the stem eventually forming a "collar". Observationally, collar rot grades into "basal stem rot", and with some pathogens is the first phase of "basal stem rot" often followed by "root rot". Collar rot is most often observed in seedings grown in infected soil. The pathogens that cause collar rot may be species or genera specific. But generalist pathogens such as Agroathelia rolfsii are known to attack over 200 different species. While bacteria caused collar rot is not common, trees infected with Fire blight may develop collar rot. Non-parasitic collar rot may be caused by winter damage.
Robert S. Dickey was an American phytopathologist, professor emeritus of Plant Pathology at the Cornell University and the namesake of the bacterial genus Dickeya.
Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) is a spherical negative-sense RNA virus. Transmitted by thrips, it causes serious losses in economically important crops and it is one of the most economically devastating plant viruses in the world.
Lineodini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the snout moth family Crambidae.
Trichaeini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal and Matthias Nuss in 2019.