Paratrichodorus

Paratrichodorus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Nematoda
Class:	Enoplea
Order:	Triplonchida
Family:	Trichodoridae
Genus:	Paratrichodorus Siddiqi, 1974 [1]
Type species
Paratrichodorus tunisiensis Siddiqi
Species
Paratrichodorus minor Paratrichodorus pachydermus Paratrichodorus tunisiensis ...

Paratrichodorus is a genus of terrestrial root feeding (stubby-root) nematodes in the Trichodoridae family (trichorids), being one of five genera. ^[2] They are economically important plant parasites and virus vectors. ^[3] The females are didelphic (two genital tracts), and are distributed worldwide. ^[4]

Taxonomy

Historically, Trichodorus formed the only genus in the Trichodoridae family. Then Trichodorus was split into two genera in 1974 by Siddiqi, ^[1] Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus. The genus, which is the second largest in the family consists of 34 species. ^[4] Siddiqi based the separation on the position of the gland nuclei and the type of pharyngo-intestinal junction.

Subdivision

Using the same characteristics as those establishing the genus, Siddiqi described three subgenera, Paratrichodorus, Atlantadorus and Nanidorus, but Decraemer did not support the validity of this. ^[5] While the latter approach has not been accepted by some authorities, ^[5] Siddiqi elevated them to genus status in 1980, ^{[6] [7]} an approach that few other authors have followed, ^[8] but maintained by that author, ^[9] and now receiving some support from modern molecular approaches to taxonomy. At least in the case of Nanidorus, phylogenetic analysis has supported its recognition as a separate genus, although clustering with Trichodorus rather than its parent Paratrichodorus. ^{[8] [10]}

Plant pathology

Trichorids became of interest in 1951. ^[11] At that time Trichodorus christie (= Paratrichodorus minor ) was recognised as a pest of crops in Florida. ^[12]

References

1. Siddiqi, M.R. (1974). "Systematics of the genus Trichodorus Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida), with descriptions of three new species". Nematologica. 19: 259–278.
2. Order Triplochida: Paratrichodorus Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version October 9, 2012.
3. Decraemer 1995.
4. Decraemer, W; Robbins, RT (2007). "The who, what and where of longidoridae and trichodoridae". J Nematol. 39 (4): 295–7. PMC   2586508 . PMID   19259501.
5. Decraemer, W. 1980. Systematics of the Trichodoridae (Nematoda) with keys to their species. Revue. Nematol. 3(1): 81-99.
6. SIDDIQI, M.R. (1980). On the generic status of Atlantadorus Siddiqi, 1974 and Nanidorus Siddiqi, 1974 (Nematoda: Trichodoridae). Systematic Parasitology 1, 151-152.
7. Decraemer 1995, p. 10.
8. Duarte et al. 2010.
9. Siddiqi, M.R. (2002). "Ecuadorus equatorius gen. n., sp. and Nanidorus mexicanus sp. n. (Nematoda: Trichodoridae)". International Journal of Nematology. 12: 197–202.
10. Kumari & Subbotin 2012.
11. CHRISTIE, J. R. & PERRY, V. G. (1951). Removing nematodes from soil. Proc. helm. Soc. Wasb. 18: 106-108.
12. Decraemer 1995, p. 3.

Bibliography

• Blaxter, Mark L.; De Ley, Paul; Garey, James R.; Liu, Leo X.; Scheldeman, Patsy; Vierstraete, Andy; Vanfleteren, Jacques R.; Mackey, Laura Y.; Dorris, Mark; Frisse, Linda M.; Vida, J. T.; Thomas, W. Kelley (5 March 1998). "A molecular evolutionary framework for the phylum Nematoda". Nature. 392 (6671): 71–75. doi:10.1038/32160. PMID   9510248. S2CID   4301939.
• Lee, Donald L, ed. (2010). The biology of nematodes. London: Taylor & Francis. ISBN   978-0415272117 . Retrieved 16 December 2014.
• De Ley, P & Blaxter, M 2004, 'A new system for Nematoda: combining morphological characters with molecular trees, and translating clades into ranks and taxa'. in R Cook & DJ Hunt (eds), Nematology Monographs and Perspectives. vol. 2, E.J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 633–653.
• Decraemer, W. (1995). The family Trichodoridae: stubby root and virus vector nematodes. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN   978-0792337737 . Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  • DECRAEMER, W. & BAUJARD, P., 1998. Additions and corrections to: Decraemer: The Family Trichodoridae. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 21 (2): 207-212.
• Zuckerman, B.N.; Mai, W.F.; Rohde, R.A., eds. (1971). Plant Parasitic Nematodes: Volume I. Morphology, Anatomy, Taxonomy, and Ecology. Oxford: Elsevier Science. ISBN   978-0323154246 . Retrieved 15 December 2014.
• Perry, Roland N.; Moens, Maurice, eds. (2013). Plant nematology (2 ed.). Boston, MA: CABI. ISBN   978-1780641515 . Retrieved 16 December 2014.
• Duarte, Isabel; Neilson, Roy; Decraemer, Wilfrida; Brown, Derek; de Almeida, Maria Teresa M.; Marques (1 February 2010). "Phylogenetic relationships, based on SSU rDNA sequences, among the didelphic genera of the family Trichodoridae from Portugal". Nematology. 12 (2): 171–180. doi:10.1163/156854109X461721. hdl: 1822/18363 .
• Kumari, S.; Subbotin, S. A. (December 2012). "Molecular characterization and diagnostics of stubby root and virus vector nematodes of the family Trichodoridae (Nematoda: Triplonchida) using ribosomal RNA genes". Plant Pathology. 61 (6): 1021–1031. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02598.x .