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The economy of Turkmenistan continues to recover from the 2014 downturn in hydrocarbon prices, but remains "in the grip of its worst economic crisis since the immediate post-independence period, driven in part by low gas prices, the suspension of gas exports to Russia between 2016 and 2019...and poor harvests." Former President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow at a session of the Cabinet of Ministers on 11 March 2021, called the rate of GDP growth unsatisfactory. When discussing the 2021 government budget, he noted that 2021 would be "as difficult" a year as 2020 had been. According to the 2020 Investment Climate Statement of the US Department of State, Turkmenistan's economy depends heavily on the production and export of natural gas, oil, petrochemicals and, to a lesser degree, cotton, wheat, and textiles. The economy is still recovering from a deep recession that followed the late 2014 collapse in global energy prices. The current investment climate is considered high risk for US foreign direct investment.
Saparmyrat Nyýazow (1940–2006), known as Türkmenbaşy, lit. 'head of the Turkmen', was the President of Turkmenistan from 1985 to 2006. He coined the title for himself, and subsequently either named or renamed various places to it.
Balkan Region is the westernmost of the five regions of Turkmenistan. Clockwise from north it borders Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan (north); two provinces of Turkmenistan (east), Iran (south), and the Caspian Sea (west). The capital city is Balkanabat, formerly known as Nebit Dag. The region's boundaries are identical to those of the former Krasnovodsk Oblast', a Soviet-era province of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic with its capital in the city of Krasnovodsk. This oblast was liquidated and restored repeatedly in the 20th century, concluding with its abolition in 1988. However, the administrative boundaries of the region were restored in 1991 when Balkan Region was established with its capital being moved to Nebit Dag which was later renamed Balkanabat.
Daşoguz Region is one of the regions of Turkmenistan. It is in the north of the country, bordering Uzbekistan. The area of the province is 73,430 square kilometers, and the total population is 1,550,354. The capital is Daşoguz.
Türkmenbaşy, formerly known as Krasnovodsk, Kyzyl-Su, and Shagadam, is a city in Balkan Province in western Turkmenistan, on the Türkmenbaşy Gulf of the Caspian Sea. It sits at an elevation of 27 metres. The population was 86,800, mostly ethnic Turkmens but also Russian, Armenian and Azeri minorities. As the terminus of the Trans-Caspian Railway and site of a major seaport on the Caspian, it is an important transportation center. The city is also the site of Turkmenistan's largest oil refining complex.
Türkmenabat, formerly Amul, Cärjew/Chardzhou, and Novy Chardzhuy, is the second-largest city in Turkmenistan and the administrative centre of Lebap Province. As of 2009, it had a population of approximately 254,000 people. From 1924 to 1927, it was also named Leninsk in honor of Vladimir Lenin.
Turkmenistan is divided into five regions, or welaýatlar and one capital city (şäher) with provincial legal status. They are Ahal, Balkan, Dashoguz, Lebap and Mary, plus the capital city of Ashgabat. Each province is divided into districts. As of 20 December 2022 there were 37 districts, 49 cities, including 7 cities with district status, 68 towns, 469 rural councils and 1690 villages in Turkmenistan.
The districts of Turkmenistan are territorial entities below the provinces of Turkmenistan. They may be counties, cities, or boroughs of cities. The heads of the districts are appointed by the President of Turkmenistan.
The mass media in Turkmenistan are among the world's most tightly controlled. The press is controlled by the government, which funds nearly all newspapers, criticism of the president is forbidden, and state licensing policy effectively eliminates all outlets not reflecting official views. To avoid reprisal, domestic and foreign journalists engage in self-censorship.
Gökdepe District is a district of Ahal Region, Turkmenistan.
Türkmenbaşy District is a district in Balkan Province, Turkmenistan. The administrative center of the district is the town of Türkmenbaşy şäherçesi.
Akdepe District is a district of Daşoguz Province in Turkmenistan. The administrative center of the district is the town of Akdepe.
The list of Turkmenistan-related articles is below
Turkmen National Conservatory (Turkmen: Maýa Kulyýewa adyndaky Türkmen milli konserwatoriýasy; Russian: Туркменская национальная консерватория имени Маи Кулиевой) is a music conservatory in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Based on the decree № 1403 of the President of Turkmenistan from June 2, 1993, Ashgabat State Conservatory was transformed into Turkmen National Conservatory (TNC). Now TNC is one of the leading institutions of higher education in the country. Turkmen National Conservatory is under the direct patronage of the Ministry of Culture and Broadcasting of Turkmenistan.
The Ministry of Defense of Turkmenistan is a government agency under the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan which is the executive body in implementing defence policies in Turkmenistan. The current Minister of Defense is Major General Begenç Gündogdyýew. It was founded in January 1992 with the assistance of the Russian Armed Forces.
The Turkmen Naval Forces is the naval warfare branch of the armed forces of Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan's Navy Day is celebrated annually on October 9. The naval forces were directed by the Border Guard Service until 2009.
Military Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Turkmenistan named after Great Saparmurad Turkmenbashy is higher military educational institution in the national education system of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan.
The Armed Forces of Turkmenistan currently funds 2 high ranking educational institutions: The Military Academy of Turkmenistan and the Military Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Turkmenistan. Aside from those two schools, there are several military schools around the country, specializing in the training of personnel of a branches of service. In the early 1990s when the armed forces were rapidly being developed, many officers were trained in the Russian Federation's Ministry of Defense, while at least 300 officers were sent to schools in Turkey. On 3 October 1992, the Turkmen State University created the first Turkmen educational department. This article lists institutions of the Turkmen Armed Forces based on its respective agency and service branch.
References
- ↑ Encyclopaedia of modern Asia: Turkic languages to Zuo Zongtang
- 1 2 3 4 "ПОРЯДОК ПРИЁМА НА УЧЁБУ В ВЫСШИЕ И СРЕДНИЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЕ УЧЕБНЫЕ ЗАВЕДЕНИЯ ТУРКМЕНИСТАНА В 2020 ГОДУ" (in Russian). Нейтральный Туркменистан. 4 July 2020.
- 1 2 "2020-nji ýylda Türkmenistanyň ýokary we orta hünär okuw mekdeplerine okuwa kabul etmegiň TERTIBI" (in Turkmen). Türkmenistan gazeti. 4 July 2020.
- ↑ "ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ Меджлиса Туркменистана О присвоении Международному университету нефти и газа имени Ягшыгелди Какаева" (in Russian). parahat.info. 13 February 2021.
- ↑ "Ýagşygeldi Kakaýew adyndaky Halkara nebit we gaz uniwersiteti".
- ↑ "Бердымухамедов поручил увековечить имя Какаева, о смерти которого забыли сообщить" (in Russian). RFE/RL. 14 February 2021.
- ↑ Union of Industrialists And Entrepreneurs University to Open in 2025, Business Turkmenistan, 9 November 2024
- ↑ Entrepreneurs of Turkmenistan will receive higher education on the basis of a special university, Turkmenistan: Golden age, 8 November 2024
- ↑ "Türkmenistanyň zähmet we ilaty durmuş taýdan goramak ministirligi".
- ↑ "Türkmenistanyň zähmet we ilaty durmuş taýdan goramak ministirligi".
- ↑ "Türkmenistanyň Prezidenti harby we hukuk goraýjy edaralarynyň ýolbaşçylaryny ýubileý medaly bilen sylaglady" (in Turkmen). Turkmenportal. 12 December 2020.
- ↑ В Туркменистане начались вступительные экзамены в высшие и средние профессиональные учебные заведения
