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This is a list of active, dormant and extinct volcanoes in Australia and its island territories. Note that the term volcano is used loosely as it can include groups of related volcanoes and vents that erupted at similar times with lava of related origin. The lists provided below are mainly volcanoes of Cenozoic aged, with some notable older (Mesozoic and Paleozoic aged), volcanoes included. There are no volcanoes on the Australian mainland that have erupted since European settlement, but some volcanoes in Victoria, South Australia and North Queensland could have been witnessed by Aboriginal people several thousand years ago. There are active volcanoes in the Heard and McDonald Islands.
South Australia's volcanoes are the youngest in Australia, and erupted within the memory of local Indigenous peoples. They are all in the Limestone Coast region, in the Mount Burr Range. They are considered dormant rather than extinct.
Name | Elevation | Location | Last eruption | |
---|---|---|---|---|
metres | feet | Coordinates | ||
Mount Burr | 187 | 614 | 37°33′S140°28′E / 37.55°S 140.46°E | 4,750 years ago |
Mount Gambier | 190 | 623 | 37°50′S140°47′E / 37.84°S 140.78°E | 4,500 years ago |
Mount Schank | 158 | 518 | 37°56′S140°44′E / 37.94°S 140.74°E | 5,000 years ago |
Mount Muirhead | 130 | 427 | 37°34′S140°25′E / 37.56°S 140.41°E | 5,000 years ago |
There are no active or dormant volcanoes in Western Australia, although there are a number of extinct ones, and geological evidence of others. There are nineteen small extinct volcanoes in the valley of the Fitzroy River in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. The Kimberley also has a number of groups of hot springs, which may be connected with the volcanic activity that produced the extinct volcanoes (but since these volcanic formations are Proterozoic in age – i.e. maybe a billion years old, this would be very unlikely). There are also deposits of basalt at Bunbury and Cape Gosselin.
Name | Elevation | Location | Last eruption | |
---|---|---|---|---|
metres | feet | Coordinates | ||
Argyle diamond mine | — | — | 16°36′S128°18′E / 16.6°S 128.3°E | 1.58 million years ago |
Name | Elevation | Location | Last eruption | |
---|---|---|---|---|
metres | feet | Coordinates | ||
Table Cape | 181 | 594 | 40°57′S145°44′E / 40.95°S 145.73°E | 12 million years ago |
The Nut | 143 | 469 | 40°46′S145°18′E / 40.76°S 145.3°E | 25-70 million years ago |
Hillwood Volcano | 2880 | 9448 | 41°13′S146°57′E / 41.21°S 146.95°E | 250 million years ago |
Lune River | — | — | 43°15′S146°32′E / 43.25°S 146.54°E | 180 million years ago |
Mount Charter | 514 | 1686 | 41°37′21″S145°40′32″E / 41.62250°S 145.67556°E | 500 million years ago |
Mount Tor | 1105 | 3625 | 41°25′53″S145°53′34″E / 41.43139°S 145.89278°E | 500 million years ago |
Mount Julia | 843 | 2766 | 41°53′3″S145°33′50″E / 41.88417°S 145.56389°E | 500 million years ago |
Mount Cripps | 943 | 3,094 | 41°34′49″S145°45′59″E / 41.58028°S 145.76639°E | 500 million years ago |
Mount Read Volcanics | 1.123 | 3.684 | 41°30′S145°19′E / 41.50°S 145.32°E | 500 million years ago |
Name | Elevation | Location | Last eruption | |
---|---|---|---|---|
metres | feet | Coordinates | ||
Mount Stromlo | 770 | 2,530 | 35°19′0″S149°1′0″E / 35.31667°S 149.01667°E | Silurian period |
Name | Elevation | Location | Last eruption | |
---|---|---|---|---|
metres | feet | Coordinates | ||
Anzac Peak | 715 | 2,346 | 52°59′32″S73°17′58″E / 52.99222°S 73.29944°E | — |
Big Ben (Mawson Peak) | 2,745 | 9,006 | 53°6′0″S73°31′0″E / 53.10000°S 73.51667°E | 2023 |
Mount Dixon | 715 | 2,346 | 53°0′S73°17′E / 53.000°S 73.283°E | — |
McDonald Islands | 230 | 755 | 53°02′S72°36′E / 53.03°S 72.60°E | 2005 |
Name | Elevation | Location | Last eruption | |
---|---|---|---|---|
metres | feet | Coordinates | ||
Ball's Pyramid | 562 | 1,844 | 31°45′07″S159°15′05″E / 31.75194°S 159.25139°E | — |
Mount Gower | 875 | 2,870 | 31°34′51″S159°04′54″E / 31.58083°S 159.08167°E | — |
Name | Elevation | Location | Last eruption | |
---|---|---|---|---|
metres | feet | Coordinates | ||
Gaussberg | 370 | 1,214 | 66°48′S89°1′E / 66.800°S 89.017°E | — |
Norfolk Island and neighbouring Nepean Island and Phillip Island are mountain top remnants of an elongated shield volcano. [8]
Name | Elevation | Location | Last eruption | |
---|---|---|---|---|
metres | feet | Coordinates | ||
Bass Strait Basin | — | — | — | — |
Tasman Seamounts | — | — | — | — |
Barcoo Seamount | — | — | — | — |
Britannia Seamount | — | — | — | — |
Derwent-Hunter Seamount | — | — | — | — |
Gascoyne Seamount | — | — | — | — |
Heemskirk Seamount | — | — | — | — |
Queensland Seamount | — | — | — | — |
Soela Seamount | — | — | — | — |
Taupo Seamount | — | — | — | — |
Zeelian Seamount | — | — | — | — |
Name | Elevation | Location | Last eruption | |
---|---|---|---|---|
metres | feet | Coordinates | ||
Macquarie Island | 433 | 1,421 | 54°30′S158°57′E / 54.50°S 158.95°E | — |
Norfolk Island | 315 | 1,033 | 29°S168°E / 29°S 168°E | 2.4 million years ago |
Great Basalt Wall is a national park in Queensland, Australia, 1124 km northwest of Brisbane. This national park protects 35,200 ha of land containing the Great Basalt Wall, a geological formation of the Toomba flow. The Toomba volcano erupted approximately 20,000 years ago, covered 670 square kilometres, and flowed for 120 km. It is one of the most recent volcanic eruptions in Queensland. Due to the viscous nature of the rocky lava flows the park is not accessible to the public.
Pomerape is a stratovolcano lying on the border of northern Chile and Bolivia. It is part of the Payachata complex of volcanoes, together with Parinacota Volcano to the south. The name "Payachata" means "twins" and refers to their appearance. It hosts glaciers down to elevations of 5,300–5,800 metres (17,400–19,000 ft), lower on the northern slope.
Mount Quincan is a volcanic mountain near Yungaburra on the Atherton Tableland in Far North Queensland, Australia.
Indian Head is a coastal headland on the eastern (ocean) side of Fraser Island off the coast of Queensland, Australia.
The Newer Volcanics Province is a geological area which is a volcanic field, formed by the East Australia hotspot across south-eastern Australia. It covers an area of 15,000 square kilometres (5,800 sq mi), with over 400 small shield volcanoes and volcanic vents. The area contains the youngest volcanoes in Australia.
The Lord Howe Seamount Chain formed during the Miocene. It features many coral-capped guyots and is one of the two parallel seamount chains alongside the east coast of Australia; the Lord Howe and Tasmantid seamount chains both run north-south through parts of the Coral Sea and Tasman Sea. These chains have longitudes of approximately 159°E and 156°E respectively.
The volcanism of New Zealand has been responsible for many of the country's geographical features, especially in the North Island and the country's outlying islands.
The Glass House Mountains are a cluster of thirteen hills that rise abruptly from the coastal plain on the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia. The highest hill is Mount Beerwah at 556 metres above sea level, but the most identifiable of all the hills is Mount Tibrogargan which from certain angles bears a resemblance to a gorilla facing east towards the ocean. The Glass House Mountains are located near Beerburrum State Forest and Steve Irwin Way. From Brisbane, the mountains can be reached by following the Bruce Highway north and taking the Glass House Mountains tourist drive turn-off onto Steve Irwin Way. The trip is about one hour from Brisbane. The Volcanic peaks of the Glass House Mountains rise dramatically from the surrounding Sunshine Coast landscape. They were formed by intrusive plugs, remnants of volcanic activity that occurred 26–27 million years ago. Molten rock filled small vents or intruded as bodies beneath the surface and solidified into land rocks. Millions of years of erosion have removed the surrounding exteriors of volcanic cores and softer sandstone rock.
The magma supply rate measures the production rate of magma at a volcano. Global magma production rates on Earth are about 20–25 cubic kilometres per year (4.8–6.0 cu mi/a).
Olca-Paruma is a volcanic complex in Chile. Lying on the border between Chile and Bolivia, it is formed by an east–west alignment of volcanoes. From west to east, these are Cerro Paruma, Volcan Paruma, Olca, and Mencheca or Michincha. Aside from the mines of Ujina, Rosario, and Quebrada Blanca, the area is sparsely populated.
Noronha hotspot is a hypothesized hotspot in the Atlantic Ocean. It has been proposed as the candidate source for volcanism in the Fernando de Noronha archipelago of Brazil, as well as of other volcanoes also in Brazil and even the Bahamas and the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province.
Much of the volcanic activity in the northern portions of the North Island of New Zealand is recent in geological terms and has taken place over the last 30 million years. This is primarily due to the North Island's position on the boundary between the Indo-Australian and Pacific Plates, a part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, and particularly the subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Indo-Australian Plate. The activity has included some of the world's largest eruptions in geologically recent times and has resulted in much of the surface formations of the North Island being volcanic as shown in the map.
Snæfell at 1,833 m (6,014 ft) high, is an ice-capped stratovolcano located in the north-east part of Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland. While it has been dormant in the Holocene, it is now known to have had repose times of over 100,000 years between eruptions, so it cannot be assumed to be extinct.