The List of windmills is a link page for any windmill or windpump.
The Dutch colonists in Batavia built at least four wind-powered sawmills around the Bay of Batavia, many years after founding Batavia (now Jakarta) in 1619, but these were not entirely successful. People and animals (water buffalo) powered mills also and previously (introduced by the Chinese). Out of about 25 Dutch-designed mills in the area, their water-powered mills were the most successful. Specifically, around 1675 a first wind-powered sawmill was built on the island of De Kuyper (now Pulu Burung) to support the Onrust Island (Pulu Kapal) dockyard that repaired Dutch East India Company ships. By 1685 there were two built in Onrust and around 1705 another was built on the island of Edam (Pulu Damar. [1]
All four were destroyed by British bombardment on 9 November 1800. [1] Under Napoleon, the Dutch nation which was named the Batavian Republic from 17xx to 18xx) had become part of the French empire, and Batavia in the East Indies was included. The bombardment was near the end of the War of the Second Coalition that pitted Britain and almost all of Europe against the First French Republic. This must have been part of the East Indies theatre of the French Revolutionary Wars. [1]
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kamiyūbetsu | Smock | ![]() | |||
Kita | Smock | ![]() | |||
Maebashi, Gunma | Michinoeki Green Flower Stock Farm | Smock | ![]() | ||
Sakura | De Liefde | Tower | 1994 | ![]() | |
Shodoshima | Tower | The windmill is presented to Shōdo Island from Milos, Greece. | ![]() | ||
Tome | Location: 38°41′23.3″N141°08′11.3″W / 38.689806°N 141.136472°W | Tower | ![]() |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Homs | Krak des Chevaliers | Tower | One of the towers had a windmill (far right in picture). [2] | ![]() | |
Quneitra | Trestle | Pumping mill (Photo) | |||
Tartus | Smock | Photo dated 2007 |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dongshih | Tower | ![]() |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chiangmai | Hollow post | ![]() |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Auckland | Partington's Mill | Tower | ![]() | ||
Foxton | De Molen | Smock | 2003 | De Molen | ![]() |
Nelson | Founders Heritage Park | Smock | ![]() |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bad Traunstein | Post | ![]() | |||
Markgrafneusiedl | Tower | | |||
Podersdorf am See | Tower | | |||
Retz | Tower | ![]() | |||
Retz | (second mill) | Tower | ![]() | ||
Riegersburg | Tower | ![]() |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kaliadzičy | 52°38′16″N24°33′15″E / 52.63778°N 24.55417°E | Post | | ||
Minsk | State Museum of Folk Architecture and Life | Post | Moved from Damatkanavichy | ![]() | |
Minsk | State Museum of Folk Architecture and Life | Post | Moved from Yanushowka | ![]() | |
Minsk | Smock | ![]() | |||
Stroczycy | Post | ![]() |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nesebar | Post | ![]() | |||
Nesebar | Tower | ![]() | |||
Nesebar | Tower | | |||
Pravda | Post | ||||
Belintsi | 43°39′16″N26°57′15″E / 43.654514°N 26.954275°E | early 20th century | ![]() | ||
Rila | Post | ![]() | |||
Sozopol | Post | |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Åland | Post | ![]() | |||
Åland Islands | Post | ![]() | |||
Finström, Åland Islands | Post | | |||
Hartola | Post | ![]() | |||
Järvenpää | Post | ![]() | |||
Konnevesi | Konnevesi Museum | Post | | ||
Korpoström, Korpo | Hembygdsmuseum | Post | | ||
Kotka | Post | ![]() | |||
Liminka | Post | | |||
Loviisa | Smock | ![]() | |||
Luopajarvi | Post | ![]() | |||
Oulu | Turkansaari Open Air Museum 64°56′51″N25°42′25″E / 64.94750°N 25.70694°E | Post | | ||
Pälkäne | 61°20′15″N24°16′17″E / 61.33750°N 24.27139°E | Smock | ![]() | ||
Pudasjärvi | Post | ![]() | |||
Samppalinna, Turku | Tower | 1860 | ![]() | ||
Sagalund | Post | ![]() | |||
Seurasaari | Seurasaari Open Air Museum | Post | ![]() | ||
Sideby | Post | ![]() | |||
Tornio | Post | ![]() | |||
Tyrnävä | Post | ![]() | |||
Uusikaupunki | Post | ![]() | |||
Uusikaupunki | Post | ![]() | |||
Uusikaupunki | Smock | ![]() | |||
Vaala | Post | | |||
Östra Simskäla, Vårdö, Åland | Post | ![]() | |||
Vuonna | Smock | ![]() |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Debrecen | Hortobágy Windmill | Tower | ![]() | ||
Dusnok | Szentendrei Néprajzi Múzeum | Tower | | ||
Jánoshalma | Tower | | |||
Kengyel | Tower | | |||
Kiskunfélegyháza | Tower | ![]() | |||
Kiskunhalas | Tower | ![]() | |||
Ópusztaszer | Tower | Late 19th century | ![]() | ||
Sopron | Tower | ![]() | |||
Sopron | Tower | ![]() | |||
Szegvár | Tower | | |||
Szeged | Kiskundorozsma Windmill | Tower | ![]() | ||
Tataháza | Tower | ![]() | |||
Tés | Tower | |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bibbona | Tower | ![]() | |||
Laguna di Orbetello | Molino Spagnolo | Tower | ![]() | ||
Margherita di Savoia | Titt wind engine | ||||
Marsala | (two mills) | Tower | Pumping mills for salt works | ![]() | |
Mozia | Tower | Former pumping mill for salt works, now a salt museum [3] | ![]() | ||
Trapani | Tower | ||||
Valle Benedetta | 48°31′24″N10°25′00″E / 48.52333°N 10.41667°E | Tower | |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asare | Tower | ![]() | |||
Cēsis | Āraišu Windmill | Tower | ![]() | ||
Cēsis | Cēsis Windmill | Tower | ![]() | ||
Elkšņi | Tower | | |||
Ķīru | 56°31′55″N24°32′11″E / 56.53194°N 24.53639°E | Smock | ![]() | ||
Nīca | 56°22′45″N20°29′12″E / 56.37917°N 20.48667°E | Smock | ![]() | ||
Otaņķi | Rudes Windmill 56°23′18″N21°05′46″E / 56.38833°N 21.09611°E | Tower | ![]() | ||
Piltene | 57°13′46″N21°40′00″E / 57.22944°N 21.66667°E | Smock | Base remains. | ![]() | |
Riga | The Ethnographic Open-Air Museum of Latvia | Smock | ![]() | ||
Riga | The Ethnographic Open-Air Museum of Latvia | Smock | ![]() | ||
Riga | The Ethnographic Open-Air Museum of Latvia | Post | ![]() | ||
Riga | The Ethnographic Open-Air Museum of Latvia | Post | ![]() | ||
Ruba | Tower | ![]() | |||
Sēļi | Smock | ![]() | |||
Valdgale | 57°17′11″N22°34′16″E / 57.28639°N 22.57111°E | Tower | ![]() |
Virtually every small town and polder in the Netherlands has one or more windmills. The Zaanstreek alone has had over a thousand industrial windmills, each with a name and well-documented history (see list of windmills at Zaanse Schans). Other well-known windmills are the windmills at Kinderdijk.
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bucharest | Village Museum | Post | ![]() | ||
Bucharest | Museum of the Romanian Peasant | Post | ![]() | ||
Letea | Post | ![]() | |||
Sibiu | Muzeul Tehnicii Popular de la Sibiu | Post | ![]() | ||
Unknown location | Post | ![]() |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barinovka | Smock | ![]() | |||
Cheboksarsky District | Smock | | |||
Istra | New Jerusalem Monastery Mill | Smock | | ||
Kizhi | Post | | |||
Kizhi | Post | | |||
Kozmodemyansk | Mari Ethnographic Museum | Post | ![]() | ||
Kupino | 'Kupino Traditional Culture Centre | Post | ![]() | ||
Kursk Oblast | Post and Smock | Four mills | ![]() | ||
Ludorvay | Ludorvay Architectural and Ethnographic Open-air Museum 56°45′42″N53°03′14″E / 56.76167°N 53.05389°E | Smock | ![]() | ||
Malye Korely | Post | ![]() | |||
Malye Korely | Post | ![]() | |||
Malye Korely | Smock | ![]() | |||
Myshkin | Smock | ![]() | |||
Perm Krai | Khokhlovka Architectural and Ethnological Museum | Smock | ![]() | ||
Cheboksarsky District | Smock | Two mills | | ||
Suzdal | Museum of Wooden Architecture and Peasant Life | Smock | ![]() | ||
Suzdal | Museum of Wooden Architecture and Peasant Life (2nd mill) | Smock | Rear in photo | ![]() | |
Tarkhany | Smock | | |||
Tobolsk | (four mills) | Post | ![]() | ||
Tserkovshchina | Post | Standing in 1919 | ![]() | ||
Velikiy Novgorod | Smock | ||||
Volgograd | Post | ![]() | |||
Volgograd | Smock | Four mills standing in 1917 | ![]() | ||
Vitoslavicy | 58°31′21″N31°16′13″E / 58.52250°N 31.27028°E | Smock | | ||
Yakovlevsky District, Belgorod Oblast | Post | |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Korňa | Photo | ||||
Holíč | Tower | 1880s | ![]() |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ayvalık | Tower | House converted | | ||
Bodrum | Tower | Several mills | | ||
Datça | (four mills) | Tower | ![]() |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pyrohiv | Museum of Ukrainian Folk Architecture and Ethnography (three mills) | Smock | | ||
Pyrohiv | Museum of Ukrainian Folk Architecture and Ethnography (five mills) | Post | | ||
Prelesne | Post | ![]() |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Betty's Hope | Betty's Hope Mills (two mills) | Tower | ![]() |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
St Andrew | Morgan Lewis Mill | Tower | Website | ![]() | |
St Andrew | Tower | ![]() | |||
St Andrew | Tower | ![]() | |||
St Andrew | Tower | ![]() | |||
St Lucy | Tower | ![]() | |||
St Peter | Tower | ![]() | |||
St Peter | Tower | ![]() | |||
St Philip | Tower | ![]() |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante | Moulin Bezard | Tower | ![]() | ||
Le Moule | Moulin du Distrillerier Damoiseau | Tower | | ||
Marie-Galante | Tower | ![]() |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Saint John Figtree Parish, Nevis | Montpelier Plantation Mill | Tower mill | ![]() |
In the United States, there are some traditional windmills, but the American usage of the word "windmill" includes some that are actually windpumps.
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arapoti | Smock | ![]() | |||
Carambei | Smock | ![]() | |||
Holambra | Moinho Povos Unidos | Smock | ![]() | ||
Paraná | Moinho Castrolando | Smock | | ||
Uberlândia | Smock | ![]() |
Location | Name of mill and coordinates | Type | Built | Notes | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Colonia del Sacramento | El Torreón 34°28′13″S57°51′11″W / 34.4704°S 57.853°W | Tower | Converted to restaurant. Windmill World | ||
Minas | Molino Viejo 34°22′39″S55°14′38″W / 34.3776°S 55.244°W | Tower | Windmill World | ||
Montevideo | Mirador Rosario 34°51′12″S56°08′24″W / 34.8533°S 56.140°W | Tower | Destroyed in a storm in 1977. Windmill World | ||
Solymar | Museo del Pan 34°22′50″S55°57′14″W / 34.3806°S 55.954°W | Smock | Windmill World | ||
Unión, Montevideo | Del Galgo 34°52′24″S56°07′59″W / 34.8734°S 56.133°W | Tower | 1900 | Three mills in 1900, of which one survives as of 2011. Windmill World |
A windmill is a structure that converts wind power into rotational energy using vanes called sails or blades, by tradition specifically to mill grain (gristmills), but in some parts of the English-speaking world the term has also been extended to encompass windpumps, wind turbines, and other applications. The term wind engine is also sometimes used to describe such devices.
A windpump is a type of windmill which is used for pumping water.
A watermill or water mill is a mill that uses hydropower. It is a structure that uses a water wheel or water turbine to drive a mechanical process such as milling (grinding), rolling, or hammering. Such processes are needed in the production of many material goods, including flour, lumber, paper, textiles, and many metal products. These watermills may comprise gristmills, sawmills, paper mills, textile mills, hammermills, trip hammering mills, rolling mills, wire drawing mills.
A sawmill or lumber mill is a facility where logs are cut into lumber. Modern sawmills use a motorized saw to cut logs lengthwise to make long pieces, and crosswise to length depending on standard or custom sizes. The "portable" sawmill is simple to operate. The log lies flat on a steel bed, and the motorized saw cuts the log horizontally along the length of the bed, by the operator manually pushing the saw. The most basic kind of sawmill consists of a chainsaw and a customized jig, with similar horizontal operation.
The smock mill is a type of windmill that consists of a sloping, horizontally weatherboarded, thatched, or shingled tower, usually with six or eight sides. It is topped with a roof or cap that rotates to bring the sails into the wind. This type of windmill got its name from its resemblance to smocks worn by farmers in an earlier period.
A tower mill is a type of vertical windmill consisting of a brick or stone tower, on which sits a wooden 'cap' or roof, which can rotate to bring the sails into the wind.
De Zwaan is an authentic Dutch windmill in the city of Holland, Michigan. The windmill's name is Dutch for The Swan or Graceful Bird. It is the oldest authentic, working Dutch windmill in the United States. De Zwaan is located in Windmill Island municipal park.
Cornelis Corneliszoon van Uitgeest, or Krelis Lootjes was a Dutch windmill owner from Uitgeest who invented the wind-powered sawmill, which made the conversion of log timber into planks 30 times faster than before.
Hayground Windmill is an historic windmill at Windmill Lane in East Hampton Village, New York. It was moved from Hayground to Pantigo between Two Mile Hollow Beach and Egypt Beach in the 1950s.
Pieter Gerardus van Overstraten was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1796 until 1801. He was the last Governor-General of the Dutch East India Company, which was dissolved, bankrupt in 1799, but he remained in post as the Dutch state took over ruling its territories in the Indies. In that sense, he was also the first state appointed Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies.
The International Wind- and Watermill Museum, at Gifhorn in the German state of Lower Saxony, is the only one of its kind in Europe. On the museum's open-air site, which covers an area of around 16 hectares, there are currently 16 mills from 12 different countries. The mills are either original or faithful reproductions and are set in landscapes typical of their origins. Right across the site are historic artefacts associated with mills and the milling industry. The museum site is easily accessed by road; nearby is the intersection between the B 4 and B 188 federal highways. The museum is station 65 on the Lower Saxon Mill Road.
Spinnenkop Wedderveer is a wind powered sawmill in the village of Wedderveer, Groningen, Netherlands. It is a hollow post windmill of the type called "spinnenkop" by the Dutch built on top of a brick shed. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 388083 and is in working order.
De Eenhoorn is a paltrok mill in Haarlem, Netherlands which has been restored to working order. As all Dutch paltrok mills it is a windpowered sawmill. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 19872.
The Thousand Islands are a chain of islands to the north of Jakarta's coast. It forms the only regency of Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia. It consists of a string of 342 islands stretching 45 km (28 mi) north into the Java Sea at West Jakarta Bay and in fact north of Banten Province. Pramuka Island is the regency seat.
The French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies of the Dutch East Indies took place between 1806 and 1816. The French ruled between 1806 and 1811, while the British took over for 1811 to 1816 and transferred its control back to the Dutch in 1816.
Onrust Island also known as Pulau Onrust or Pulau Kapal is an Indonesian island off the coast of Jakarta. It measures about 3.5 km2 (1.4 sq mi) and is part of the Thousand Islands.
Untung Jawa, previously known as Amsterdam Island is an Indonesian island off the coast of Jakarta. It is part of the Thousand Islands.
De Olde Molen is a windmill in Palm Beach, Aruba. It was originally built in 1815 as a windpump in Winschoterzijl, Groningen, Netherlands. In 1897, it was moved to Wedderveer, Groningen where it served as a gristmill. In 1960, it was bought by Theo Paalman and G.J. Woudenberg, two Aruban businessmen, disassembled and rebuilt in Aruba. The windmill is home to a restaurant and a windmill museum. It is located next to the Bubali Bird Sanctuary.