Listriodon

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Listriodon
Temporal range: Miocene
Listriodon IVPP.jpg
Skull (IVPP V8285) of L. splendens, Paleozoological Museum of China
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Suidae
Subfamily: Listriodontinae
Tribe: Listriodontini
Genus: Listriodon
von Meyer, 1846
Type species
Listriodon splendens
von Meyer, 1846
Species

See text

Listriodon is an extinct genus of pig-like animals that lived in Eurasia during the Miocene.

Contents

Description

Mandible of L. splendens Listriodon splendens.JPG
Mandible of L. splendens

Listriodon species were generally small in size. In morphology, they show many similarities with peccaries rather than modern pigs. [1]

The lophodont teeth of Listriodon indicate that it was mostly, if not strictly, herbivorous. Peculiarly, their teeth resemble those of perissodactyls such as horses more than they do that of ruminants. This was the case because unlike ruminants (and much like perissodactyls), pigs lack a complex four-chambered stomach and therefore had to rely on their teeth to break down grasses and herbs. [2]

Species

Many species of Listriodon have been named over the years, to the point that the genus became a wastebasket taxon. Over the years, many species have been moved into new genera, such as Kubanochoerus , Bunolistriodon [3] and Lopholistriodon . Some species were found to be synonymous with others, such as Listriodon theobaldi and Listriodon pentapotamiae representing different genders of a single species. [4]

Prothero (2021) lists four valid species: [5]

Species now placed in Bunolistriodon

Species now placed in Lopholistriodon

Species now placed in Kubanochoerus

Species synonymous with L. splendens

Species synonymous with L. pentapotamiae

Palaeoecology

Multiproxy isotopic analysis of the tooth enamel of L. splendens consisting of 87Sr/86Sr, δ18OCO3, and δ13C suggests that although it was primarily a browser, it consumed significant quantities of fruit and at times also fed on grass. [8] Analysis of L. cf. L. splendens and L. aff. L. latidens suggests that the former was a more specialised folivore than the latter. [9]

References

  1. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie Van Wetenschappen Physical sciences. Series B · Volume 79. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. 1976. p. 53.
  2. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Series B, Palaeontology, geology, physics, and chemistry Volume 81. University of California. 1978.
  3. "Bunolistriodon". Biolib.
  4. Netherlands Journal of Zoology. E.J. Brill. 1975. p. 137.
  5. Prothero, Donald R. (2007). The Evolution of Artiodactyls. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 144. ISBN   9780801887352.
  6. Werdelin, Lars; Sanders, William Joseph (2010). Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press. p. 826. ISBN   9780520257214.
  7. Paleontologia i Evolució Volumes 23-25. L'Institut. 1989. p. 86.
  8. Aiglstorfer, Manuela; Bocherens, Hervé; Böhme, Madelaine (18 February 2014). "Large mammal ecology in the late Middle Miocene Gratkorn locality (Austria)" . Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 94 (1): 189–213. Bibcode:2014PdPe...94..189A. doi:10.1007/s12549-013-0145-5. ISSN   1867-1594 . Retrieved 31 December 2024 via Springer Nature Link.
  9. Hunter, John P.; Fortelius, Mikael (31 March 1994). "Comparative dental occlusal morphology, facet development, and microwear in two sympatric species of Listriodon (Mammalia: Suidae) from the middle Miocene of western Anatolia (Turkey)" . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 14 (1): 105–126. Bibcode:1994JVPal..14..105H. doi:10.1080/02724634.1994.10011541. ISSN   0272-4634 . Retrieved 14 November 2024 via Taylor and Francis Online.