Litchfield Law School

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Tapping Reeve House and Law School
Tapping Reeve House and Law School, Litchfield, CT.jpg
East elevation and north profile of Tapping Reeve House, 2010
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Location Litchfield, CT
Coordinates 41°44′38″N73°11′19″W / 41.74395°N 73.18851°W / 41.74395; -73.18851
Built1784
NRHP reference No. 66000879
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966 [1]
Designated NHLDecember 21, 1965 [2]

The Litchfield Law School was a law school in Litchfield, Connecticut, that operated from 1774 to 1833. Litchfield was the first independent law school established in America for reading law. Founded and led by lawyer Tapping Reeve, the proprietary school was unaffiliated with any college or university. [3] While Litchfield was independent, a long-term debate resulted in the 1966 recognition of William & Mary Law School as the first law school to have been affiliated with a university. [4]

Contents

Reeve began teaching his first student in 1774 and was teaching by lecture by 1784. Reeve later became the Chief Justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court. The school closed in 1833, having educated over 1,100 students, including Aaron Burr and John C. Calhoun. The law school, including Reeve's house, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965 as the Tapping Reeve House and Law School, [2] [5] which is owned and operated by the Litchfield Historical Society as a museum displaying life in a 19th-century period school. [6] The Society also operates the Litchfield History Museum.

Tapping Reeve

Reeve was born on Long Island, New York, in 1744. He graduated from the College of New Jersey (Princeton University) in 1763, serving for seven years as a tutor at the Grammar School that was connected with the college. There he met the children of Aaron Burr Sr.Aaron Burr (later Vice President of the United States) and Sally Burr, who were both his students.

Tapping Reeve moved to Connecticut and studied law under Judge Jesse Root of Hartford, and was admitted to the bar in 1772. In the same year, he married Sally Burr. They then moved to Litchfield and Reeve started his own law practice. Tapping Reeve built his six-room Litchfield house in 1773 and settled in with his wife. In 1780 he added a downstairs wing for Sally, who found it difficult to climb stairs.

Law school

Judge Gould's Law School Building, from a 1920 image Litchfield Law School.jpg
Judge Gould's Law School Building, from a 1920 image

In addition to practicing law, Reeve trained many prospective attorneys, including Aaron Burr, his brother in law. Students lived in the homes of town residents and traveled to Reeve's house on South Street to receive their morning lectures on the common law in Reeve's downstairs parlor. In 1784, in response to increasing demand, Reeve had a one-room school built adjacent to his house. [7] James Gould became Reeve's associate when Reeve was elected to the Connecticut Supreme Court in 1798. Reeve withdrew in 1820 and Gould continued until 1833. The school's lectures covered the entire body of the law including real estate, rights of persons, rights of things, contracts, torts, evidence, pleading, crimes, and equity.[ citation needed ]

Notable alumni

The list of students who attended Tapping Reeve's law school includes two Vice Presidents of the United States (Aaron Burr and John C. Calhoun), 101 members of the United States House of Representatives, 28 United States senators, six United States cabinet secretaries, three justices of the United States Supreme Court, 14 state governors and 13 state supreme court chief justices. Litchfield Law School students also held state and local political office and became business leaders. Students went on to found university law schools and become university presidents. [8] Framed pictures of students are still hung in the school, including George Catlin, Horace Mann (the educator), Aaron Burr, Oliver Wolcott Jr., and Roger Sherman Baldwin. Each name is followed by the year that the student finished, when known. [9]

Pictured in 1929 Dedication of Law School.jpg
Pictured in 1929

See also

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References

  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. 1 2 "Tapping Reeve House and Law School". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on October 5, 2007. Retrieved October 6, 2007.
  3. Harno, Albert J. (1953). Legal Education in the United States: A Report Prepared for the Survey of the Legal Profession (1980 ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 28–32. ISBN   0313224250.
  4. "1966 Debate Over the First Law School in America" The Bridgeport Post Sept. 15, 1966 via scholarship.law.wm.edu, William & Mary Law School. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  5. Blanche Higgins Schroer and S. Sydney Bradford (January 16, 1975). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Tapping Reeve House and Law School" (PDF). National Park Service.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) and Accompanying 5 photos, exterior, from 1965 and 1974.
  6. "Litchfield Historical Society: The Ledger". Litchfield Historical Society. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  7. Litchfield Law School, Litchfield Historical Society
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  43. New England Historic Genealogical Society (1907). New England Historic Genealogical Society. The Society. p. 185.
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  51. "Richard Skinner". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
  52. "Perry Smith". Litchfield Historical Society. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
  53. "Truman Smith". Litchfield Historical Society. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
  54. "Benjamin Swift". Litchfield Historical Society. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
  55. "Frederick A. Tallmadge". Litchfield Historical Society. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
  56. "Uriah Tracy". Litchfield Historical Society. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
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Bibliography

Further reading