Loricariinae

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Loricariinae
Sturisoma panamense 2.jpg
Sturisomatichthys panamense
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Loricariidae
Subfamily: Loricariinae
Bonaparte, 1831
Tribes

Harttiini Isbrücker, 1979
Loricariini Isbrücker, 1979

Contents

Loricariinae is a subfamily of the family Loricariidae of catfish (order Siluriformes). [1] This subfamily is divided into two tribes and about 30 genera. [2] They are mainly native to freshwater habitats in South America, but there are also several species (in genera Crossoloricaria , Dasyloricaria , Fonchiiichthys , Rineloricaria , Spatuloricaria , Sturisoma and Sturisomatichthys ) in Panama and a single (Fonchiiichthys) in Costa Rica. [3]

Taxonomy

Loricariinae was first described in 1831. [4] Later, in 1979, many genera were described and Loricariinae was divided into four subfamilies: Loricariini, Harttiini, Farlowellini, and Acestridiini. Eventually, the genera of Acestridiini was included under Hypoptopomatinae and genera of Farlowellini was reclassified into Hartiini. [2] This subfamily has been found to be monophyletic. [2] The most recent papers conclude that there are 30 or 31 genera; the status of Cteniloricaria is dubious; although recognized as a synonym of Harttia by some, this conclusion was reached without diagnosing the type species of Cteniloricaria. [2]

Description

As loricariids, loricariinae species are characterized by a depressed body covered by bony plates, a unique pair of maxillary barbels, and modification of the mouth into a suckermouth. [2] Members of the subfamily Loricariinae show a greater diversity of lip structures and shapes than other loricariids. [5] Loricariines are characterized by a long and depressed caudal peduncle (rectangular cross-section) and by the absence of an adipose fin. [2] [4] They also show dramatic variation in body shape, lip morphology and dentition. The sexual dimorphism is often pronounced and is expressed through the hypertrophy of odontodes on the pectoral fin rays, on the snout margin, and sometimes on the predorsal area of mature males. Certain genera also show sexual differences in lip and tooth structures. [2]

The Harttiini are characterized by numerous and pedunculated teeth, a caudal fin with more branched rays, the absence of postorbital notches and predorsal keels, a rounded mouth, papillose lips weakly or not fringed, and short maxillary barbels. [2] The Loricariini are characterized by a more important variation in lips and teeth shape, the frequent presence of postorbital notches and predorsal keels, longer maxillary barbels, and less numerous teeth and branched rays in the caudal fin. [2]

Genera

Genera list based on Covain and Fisch-Muller (2007), except for Cteniloricaria. [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Loricariidae</span> Largest family of catfish

Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish, with 92 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.

<i>Rineloricaria</i> Genus of fishes

Rineloricaria is a genus of freshwater tropical catfish belonging to the family Loricariidae. They are commonly called whiptail catfish because of the long filament that grows out of the tip of the caudal fin that is characteristic of the genus. With the exception of R. altipinnis from Panama, they are native to the rivers of northern and central South America. Some species are regularly seen in the aquarium trade.

Pterosturisoma microps is the only species of the monotypic genus Pterosturisoma, a genus of the family Loricariidae of catfish.

Dentectus barbarmatus is the only species of the monotypic genus Dentectus, a genus of armored catfish.

Furcodontichthys novaesi is the only species of the monotypic genus Furcodontichthys, a genus of armored catfish.

Pyxiloricaria menezesi is the only species of the monotypic genus Pyxiloricaria, a genus of the family Loricariidae of catfish.

Ricola macrops is the only species of the monotypic genus Ricola, a genus of the family Loricariidae of catfish.

<i>Crossoloricaria</i> Genus of fishes

Crossoloricaria is a genus of armored catfish native to South America with one species ranging into Central America.

Ixinandria steinbachi is the only species in the genus Ixinandria of catfish of the family Loricariidae.

<i>Loricariichthys</i> Genus of fishes

Loricariichthys is a genus of catfishes of the family Loricariidae.

<i>Sturisoma</i> Genus of fishes

Sturisoma is a genus of armored catfishes native to Central and South America.

Harttia is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America.

<i>Loricaria</i> Genus of fishes

Loricaria is a genus of armored catfish native to South America.

Lamontichthys is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America.

Metaloricaria is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America.

<i>Sturisomatichthys</i> Genus of fishes

Sturisomatichthys is a genus of armored catfishes native to Central and South America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paraloricaria</span> Genus of fishes

Paraloricaria is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America.

Dasyloricaria is a genus of armored catfishes native to Central and South America. The distribution of these species includes the northwestern South America on the Pacific slope of Colombia and Panama. Its distribution is restricted to the Pacific slope of the Andes, which is a unique pattern of distribution within the subfamily.

<i>Spatuloricaria</i> Genus of fishes

Spatuloricaria is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America and Panama.

<i>Loricariichthys platymetopon</i> Species of catfish

Loricariichthys platymetopon is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Río de la Plata basin in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. The species reaches maturity at around 15.7 cm in length, although it can grow up to 39 cm in total length. It can reach at least 311 g in weight and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.

References

  1. ↑ "Loricariinae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved May 28, 2007.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Covain, Raphael; Fisch-Muller, Sonia (2007). "The genera of the Neotropical armored catfish subfamily Loricariinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): a practical key and synopsis" (PDF). Zootaxa . 1462: 1–40. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1462.1.1.
  3. ↑ Angulo; Garita-Alvarado; Bussing; and López (2013). Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of continental and insular Costa Rica: additions and nomenclatural revisions. Archived 2016-09-11 at the Wayback Machine Check List 9(5): 987–1019.
  4. 1 2 Armbruster, Jonathan W. "Loricariinae" . Retrieved 2007-05-28.
  5. ↑ Reis, Roberto E.; Pereira, Edson H. L. (2000). Schaefer, S. A. (ed.). "Three New Species of the Loricariid Catfish Genus Loricariichthys (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from Southern South America". Copeia . 2000 (4): 1029–1047. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[1029:TNSOTL]2.0.CO;2. S2CID   86169960.
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