Tierra del Fuego is an archipelago off the southernmost tip of the South American mainland, across the Strait of Magellan. The archipelago consists of the main island, Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, with an area of 48,100 km2 (18,572 sq mi), and a group of many islands, including Cape Horn and Diego Ramírez Islands. Tierra del Fuego is divided between Chile and Argentina, with the latter controlling the eastern half of the main island and the former the western half plus the islands south of Beagle Channel and the southernmost islands. The southernmost extent of the archipelago is just north of latitude 56°S.
Patagonia refers to a geographical region that encompasses the southern end of South America, governed by Argentina and Chile. The region comprises the southern section of the Andes Mountains, lakes, fjords, and glaciers in the west and deserts, tablelands and steppes to the east. Patagonia is bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and many bodies of water that connect them, such as the Strait of Magellan, the Beagle Channel, and the Drake Passage to the south.
Tierra del Fuego is the southernmost, smallest, and least populous Argentine province.
Río Gallegos is the capital and largest settlement of the Patagonian province of Santa Cruz in Argentina. Located in the department of Güer Aike, it has a population of about 98,000, according to the 2010 census [INDEC], a 24% increase from the 79,000 in the 2001 census [INDEC]. The city bears the name of the Gallegos River, and sits on its estuary 2,636 km (1,638 mi) south from the Argentinian federal capital Buenos Aires.
Alstroemeriaceae is a family of flowering plants, with 254 known species in four genera, almost entirely native to the Americas, from Central America to southern South America. One species of Luzuriaga occurs in New Zealand, and the genus Drymophila is endemic to south-eastern Australia.
Abrotanella is a genus in the family Asteraceae, of 23 species, native to Australia, New Zealand and southern South America.
Deschampsia is a genus of plants in the grass family, commonly known as hair grass or tussock grass. The genus is widespread across many countries.
Andreaea is a genus of rock mosses described by Johann Hedwig in 1801.
The 7th Infantry Regiment is a unit of the Argentine Army based at Arana, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The unit's full official name is 7th "Coronel Conde" Mechanized Infantry Regiment, and it is part of the 1st Armored Brigade, 3rd Army Division.
Uncinia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cyperaceae, known as hook-sedges in Australia and as hook grasses or bastard grasses in New Zealand. The genus is characterised by the presence of a long hook formed by an extension of the rachilla, which is used to attach the fruit to passing animals (epizoochory), especially birds, and it is this feature which gives the genus its name, from the Latin uncinus, meaning a hook or barb.
The region of the Beagle Channel, explored by Robert FitzRoy in the 1830s, was one of the last to be colonized by Chile and Argentina. The cold weather, the long distances from other inhabited regions, and the shortage of transport and subsistence, kept it far from the governmental task.
The Papal mediation in the Beagle conflict followed the failure of negotiations between Chile and Argentina, when, on 22 December 1978, the Argentinian Junta started Operation Soberanía, to invade Cape Horn and islands awarded to Chile by the Beagle Channel Arbitration. Soon after the event, Pope John Paul II offered to mediate and sent his personal envoy, Cardinal Antonio Samoré, to Buenos Aires. Argentina, in acceptance of the authority of the Pope over the overwhelmingly Catholic Argentine population, called off the military operation and accepted the mediation. On 9 January 1979, Chile and Argentina signed the Act of Montevideo formally requesting mediation by the Vatican and renouncing the use of force.
Geitonoplesium is a monotypic genus in the family Asphodelaceae, containing the sole species Geitonoplesium cymosum, commonly known as scrambling lily. The species is a perennial evergreen scrambling vine found in rainforests, sclerophyll forests and woodlands of eastern Australia, and parts of Malesia and Melanesia.
The Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Argentina and Chile was signed on 23 July 1881 in Buenos Aires by Bernardo de Irigoyen, on the part of Argentina, and Francisco de Borja Echeverría, on the part of Chile, with the aim of establishing a precise and exact border between the two countries based on the uti possidetis juris principle. Despite dividing largely unexplored lands, the treaty laid the groundwork for nearly all of Chile's and Argentina's 5600 km current border.
Gavilea is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to Chile, Argentina and the Falkland Islands.
- Gavilea araucana(Phil.) M.N.Correa - Chile, Argentina
- Gavilea australis(Skottsb.) M.N.Correa - Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego
- Gavilea cardioglossa(Reiche) Martic. - Chile
- Gavilea gladysiaeChemisquy - Chile, Argentina
- Gavilea glandulifera(Poepp. & Endl.) M.N.Correa - Chile, Argentina
- Gavilea insularisM.N.Correa - Juan Fernández Islands
- Gavilea kingii(Hook.f.) M.N.Correa - southern Chile
- Gavilea litoralis(Phil.) M.N.Correa - southern Chile, southern Argentina, Falkland Islands
- Gavilea longibracteata(Lindl.) Sparre ex L.E.Navas - Chile
- Gavilea lutea(Comm. ex Pers.) M.N.Correa - Chile, Argentina
- Gavilea odoratissimaPoepp. - Chile, Argentina
- Gavilea platyantha(Rchb.f.) Ormerod - Chile, Argentina
- Gavilea supralabellataM.N.Correa - Chile, Argentina
- Gavilea trullataOrmerod - Chile, Argentina
- Gavilea venosa(Lam.) Garay & Ormerod - Chile
- Gavilea wittei(Hicken) Ormerod - Chile, Argentina
Tierra del Fuego National Park is a national park on the Argentine part of the island of Tierra del Fuego, within Tierra del Fuego Province in the ecoregion of Patagonic Forest and Altos Andes, a part of the subantarctic forest. Established on 15 October 1960 under the Law 15.554 and expanded in 1966, it was the first shoreline national park to be established in Argentina.
Luzuriaga marginata, commonly known as almond flower, is a woody vine that is native to the southern parts of Chile and Argentina as well as the Falkland Islands. Plants grow to 3 metres high and have pale, glossy green leaves that are up to 22 mm long. Perfumed flowers about 20 mm in diameter are produced in the leaf axils in summer. These are followed by dark purple berries that are up to 10 mm in diameter.
Marsippospermum is a genus of plant in family Juncaceae described as a genus in 1809.
The Flora of Fuegia, the Falkland Islands, etc. is a description of the plants discovered in these islands during the Ross expedition written by Joseph Dalton Hooker and published by Reeve Brothers in London between 1845 and 1847. Hooker sailed on HMS Erebus as assistant surgeon. It was the second in a series of four Floras in the Flora Antarctica, the others being the Flora of Lord Auckland and Campbell's Islands (1843-1845), the Flora Novae-Zelandiae (1851–53), and the Flora Tasmaniae (1853–59). They were "splendidly" illustrated by Walter Hood Fitch.
The Patagonian grasslands (NT0804) is an ecoregion in the south of Chile, Argentina and the Falkland Islands. The grasslands are home to diverse fauna, including several rare or endemic species of birds. There are few protected areas. The grasslands are threatened by overgrazing by sheep, which supply high-quality merino wool. Efforts are being made to develop sustainable grazing practices to avoid desertification.
