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Gene Miller (1928–2005) was a longtime investigative reporter at the Miami Herald who won two Pulitzer Prizes for reporting that helped save innocent men on Florida's Death Row from execution. He was also a legendary editor, mentoring generations of young reporters in how to write crisp, direct, and entertaining stories. When he died of cancer in 2005, the Herald called him "the soul and the conscience of our newsroom."
The Groveland Four were four African American men, Ernest Thomas, Charles Greenlee, Samuel Shepherd, and Walter Irvin. In July 1949, the four were accused of raping a white woman and severely beating her husband in Lake County, Florida. The oldest, Thomas, tried to elude capture and was killed that month. The others were put on trial. Shepard and Irvin received death sentences, and Greenlee was sentenced to life in prison. The events of the case led to serious questions about the arrests, allegedly coerced confessions and mistreatment, and the unusual sentencing following their convictions. Their incarceration was exacerbated by their systemic and unlawful treatment—including the death of Shepherd, and the near-fatal shooting of Irvin. Greenlee was paroled in 1962 and Irvin in 1968. All four were posthumously exonerated by the state of Florida in 2021.
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Claude Neal was a 23-year-old African-American farmhand who was arrested in Jackson County, Florida, on October 19, 1934, for allegedly raping and killing Lola Cannady, a 19-year-old white woman missing since the preceding night. Circumstantial evidence was collected against him, but nothing directly linked him to the crime. When the news got out about his arrest, white lynch mobs began to form. In order to keep Neal safe, County Sheriff Flake Chambliss moved him between multiple jails, including the county jail at Brewton, Alabama, 100 miles (160 km) away. But a lynch mob of about 100 white men from Jackson County heard where he was, and brought him back to Jackson County.
Willie James Howard was a 15-year-old African-American living in Live Oak, Suwannee County, Florida. He was drowned for having given Christmas cards to all his co-workers at the Van Priest Dime Store, including Cynthia Goff, a white girl, followed by a letter to her on New Year's Day.
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Democracy Abroad, Lynching At Home: Racial Violence In Florida is a 2015 history book by Tameka Bradley Hobbs that discusses how lynchings have changed in the United States, with a focus on the mid 20th century Florida lynchings of Arthur C. Williams, Cellos Harrison, Willie James Howard, and Jesse James Payne. The book won a 2015 Bronze Florida Book Award and the 2016 Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore Award from the Florida Historical Society.
Tameka Bradley Hobbs is a historian, educator, author, and activist. She currently serves as the Library Regional Manager of Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. She previously served as associate provost of Florida Memorial University and the founding director of the FMU Social Justice Institute think tank and research center. She is the author of the 2015 history book Democracy Abroad, Lynching at Home: Racial Violence in Florida.
References
- ↑ "Crime of Lynching: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eightieth Congress, Second Session, on S. 42 [and Others] Bills to Assure to Persons within the Jurisdiction of Every State Due Process of Law and Equal Protection of Laws, and to Prevent the Crime of Lynching, and for Other Purposes". 1948.
- ↑ Hobbs, Tameka Bradley (August 11, 2015). The Failure of Forbearance: The Lynching of Cellos Harrison, Jackson County, 1943. University Press of Florida. doi:10.5744/florida/9780813061047.001.0001. ISBN 9780813061047 – via florida.universitypressscholarship.com.
- ↑ Hobbs, Tameka Bradley (August 11, 2015). A Degree of Restraint: The Trials of Cellos Harrison, 1940–1943. University Press of Florida. doi:10.5744/florida/9780813061047.001.0001. ISBN 9780813061047 – via florida.universitypressscholarship.com.
- ↑ "Florida Lynching 1943". The Jackson Sun. 16 June 1943. p. 3.
- 1 2 "Strange Fruit and Spanish Moss: June 16, 1943: Cellos Harrison". June 16, 2014.
- ↑ Green, Ben; Kennedy, Stetson (April 4, 1999). Before His Time: The Untold Story of Harry T. Moore, America's First Civil Rights Martyr. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9780684854533 – via Google Books.
- ↑ University, Nova Southeastern. "Florida lynchings subject of Diversity Dialogue". NSU.