Lynn and Inner Dowsing Wind Farms

Last updated
Lynn and Inner Dowsing wind farms
Offshore windfarm, Skegness - geograph.org.uk - 2687237.jpg
Lynn wind farm with Lincs wind farm under construction to rear (2011)
Lynn and Inner Dowsing Wind Farms
Country England, United Kingdom
Location The Wash/North Sea
Coordinates 53°07′39″N00°26′10″E / 53.12750°N 0.43611°E / 53.12750; 0.43611
StatusOperational
Commission date March 2009
Wind farm
Type offshore
Distance from shore5.2 km (3.2 mi)
Power generation
Units operational54
Make and model Siemens Wind Power 3.6MW
Nameplate capacity 194 MW
Capacity factor 31-36% (2009-2012)
External links
Website www.glidwindfarms.com
Commons Related media on Commons
[ edit on Wikidata]
Lynn and Inner Dowsing Wind Farms
Wind farm layout

The Lynn and Inner Dowsing wind farms are a pair of round 1 wind farms located in the North Sea, in the shallow waters at the entrance to The Wash off the coast of Lincolnshire, England. The wind farms were developed as a single unit after planning consent was given in 2003. Construction work began in 2006 and was completed in 2009.

Contents

The farm has a maximum output of 194MW from 54 Siemens Wind Power 3.6-107 turbines with a generating capacity of 194 MW. The capacity factor of the farm has been 31 to 36%.

History

Planning and construction

The Lynn wind farm and the Inner Dowsing wind farm were initially developed as separate projects by AMEC and Renewable Energy Systems. The projects received planning consent in 2003. [1] At the planning stage the development was opposed by fishermen. [2]

In 2003 Centrica Renewable Energy acquired the Lynn and the Dowsing wind farm projects and merged them into a single development. [3] [ unreliable source? ] Tendering for construction of the wind farm took place from 2005, with contracts awarded between 2006 and 2007. [1]

TIV Resolution installing wind turbines (June 2007) TIV Resolution raised.jpg
TIV Resolution installing wind turbines (June 2007)

In 2006 Nexans was awarded a contract to supply inter-array and export cabling for the windfarm, consisting of 32 and 40 kilometres (20 and 25 mi) of 36kV three core cables. [4] MT Hojgaard was contracted to install the offshore foundations. [5] Siemens Wind obtained the contract to supply 54 of its SWT-3.7-107 wind turbines for the farm, [6] and Siemens Power Transmission & Distribution supplied the onshore 33 to 132kV substation and associated switchgear, and was contracted to lay the onshore cables. [7]

Onshore civil engineering work began in late 2006 - a substation was constructed near Skegness., [8] [9] onshore construction including cable laying, was complete by 2007. [10] Installation of the offshore foundations was undertaken using the vessel MV Resolution - foundations were installed by 2007, [note 1] and cables and turbines were installed by 2008, with the last turbine installed July 2008. Commissioning work was complete in March 2009. [8]

Finance and ownership

The project cost was an estimated €349 million. [11]

In 2009 TCW acquired a 50% stake in the farm (and the 26MW onshore Glens of Foudland wind farm) from Centrica for £84 million ($137.5 million). [12]

In early 2016 Centrica and EIG Global Energy Partners agreed to sell the wind farm to a consortium (Green Investment Bank 51% and BlackRock 49%). The sale including the 26MW onshore Glens of Foudland wind farm was valued at c. £423 million. [13] [14]

Operations and maintenance

During 2010 Siemens changed bearing on the Burbo Bank wind farm due to corrosion problems, and examined bearings at Lynn and Inner Dowsing; subsequently the company decided to replace bearings on all 53 machines in 2011. [15] [16]

In 2012 Centrica established a maintenance base for the wind farm at No.3 Fish Dock at the Port of Grimsby. [17]

In the first four years of full operation (2009–12) the farm had a capacity factor of between 31 and 36%. [18] Levelised costs have been estimated at £102/MWh for Lynn and £97 for Inner Dowsing. [19] In c.2012-3 an additional 20MW of turbines were built within the wind farm, as part of the Lincs Wind Farm development - they were connected to the Lincs' export grid. [20]

In 2014 Cofely Fabricom GDF Suez was awarded the contract to carry out grouting repairs and structural modifications on the turbine foundations. [21] [note 2]

By 2014 some of the initial 'under warranty' service plans were coming to an end. [23] In early 2015 ABB was awarded a maintenance contract for the electrical generators and other electrical equipment on the wind farm. [24] Cofely Fabricom GDF Suez was awarded a general repair contract for the farm including major repairs in March 2015. [25]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Foundations were installed by either pile driving or drilling a pile driving. Water depths were 8.5 to 16 metres (28 to 52 ft) [5] 6.3 to 11.2 metres (21 to 37 ft) according to LORC
  2. ↑ Grouted joints installed c.2007-8 by MT Hojgaard between monopile and transition pieces had been found to be of a substandard design at the Robin Rigg wind farm. [22]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wind power in the United Kingdom</span>

The United Kingdom is the best location for wind power in Europe and one of the best in the world. By 2023, the UK had over 11 thousand wind turbines with a total installed capacity of 28 gigawatts (GW): 14 GW onshore and 14 GW offshore, the sixth largest capacity of any country. Wind power generated about 25% of UK electricity, having surpassed coal in 2016 and nuclear in 2018. It is the largest source of renewable electricity in the UK.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">London Array</span> Wind farm located on the Thames Estuary, UK

The London Array is a 175-turbine 630 MW Round 2 offshore wind farm located 20 kilometres (12 mi) off the Kent coast in the outer Thames Estuary in the United Kingdom. It was the largest offshore wind farm in the world until Walney Extension reached full production in September 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater Gabbard wind farm</span>

Greater Gabbard is a 504 MW wind farm, built on sandbanks 23 kilometres (14 mi) off the coast of Suffolk in England at a cost of £1.5 billion. It was completed on 7 September 2012 with all of the Siemens SWT3.6–107 turbines connected. Developed as a joint venture between Airtricity and Fluor, it is now jointly owned by SSE Renewables and Innogy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sheringham Shoal Offshore Wind Farm</span>

Sheringham Shoal Offshore Wind Farm is a Round 2 wind farm in North Sea off the coast of Norfolk. A lease for use of the sea bed was obtained in 2004 by Scira Offshore Energy, the development gained offshore planning consent in 2008, and was constructed 2009–2011, being officially opened in 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robin Rigg Wind Farm</span>

Robin Rigg Wind Farm, Scotland's first offshore wind farm, was constructed by E.ON at Robin Rigg in the Solway Firth, a sandbank midway between the Galloway and Cumbrian coasts. The windfarm first generated power for test purposes on 9 September 2009. The wind farm was completed on 20 April 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barrow Offshore Wind Farm</span> Offshore wind farm in the East Irish Sea near Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England

The Barrow Offshore Wind Farm is a 30 turbine 90MW capacity offshore wind farm in the East Irish Sea approximately 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) south west of Walney Island, near Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm</span>

The Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm is a 348 MW offshore wind farm located on the Burbo Flats in Liverpool Bay on the west coast of the UK in the Irish Sea. It consists of an original 90 MW wind farm commissioned in 2007 and a 258 MW extension completed in 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lincs Wind Farm</span>

The Lincs Wind Farm is a 270 MW offshore wind farm 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) off Skegness on the east coast of England. The total cost of the project is estimated at £1 billion including electrical transmission links. The farm was completed in 2013. It is adjacent to the smaller Lynn and Inner Dowsing Wind Farm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gunfleet Sands Offshore Wind Farm</span>

Gunfleet Sands Offshore Wind Farm is a 172 MW wind farm about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) off the Clacton-on-Sea coast in the Northern Thames Estuary.

Triton Knoll Wind Farm is an 857 MW round 2 offshore wind farm nearing completion 33 kilometres (21 mi) off the coast of Lincolnshire, in the North Sea, England.

Race Bank Wind Farm is a 573 MW Round 2 offshore wind farm located 27 km north of Blakeney Point off the coast of Norfolk, and 28 km east of Chapel St Leonards off the Lincolnshire coast in the North Sea. The farm was commissioned in February 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West of Duddon Sands Wind Farm</span>

West of Duddon Sands Wind Farm (WoDS), occasionally also known as West Duddon Wind Farm is an offshore wind farm located 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) south west of Walney Island off the coast of Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria, in the Irish Sea, England. It was developed by Scottish Power and Ørsted A/S.

Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farm is an offshore wind farm 32 km north of Cromer off the coast of Norfolk, in the North Sea, England. It is owned by Dudgeon Offshore Wind Limited (DOW), a subsidiary of Equinor, Masdar and Statkraft. The site is a relatively flat area of seabed between the Cromer Knoll and Inner Cromer Knoll sandbanks and is one of the furthest offshore sites around the UK.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Humber Gateway Wind Farm</span> Wind farm in the UK

Humber Gateway Wind Farm is an offshore wind farm 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Spurn Point off the coast of North East Lincolnshire, in the North Sea, England; the wind farm is located in water depths around 15 metres (49 ft) and covers an area of approximately 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi). The wind farm became operational in June 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Westermost Rough Wind Farm</span>

Westermost Rough Wind Farm is an offshore wind farm 8 kilometres (5 mi) north east of Withernsea off the Holderness coast, in the North Sea, England. The farm covers an area of approximately 35 km2 (14 sq mi) with a generation capacity of approximately 210 MW. It became operational in May 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Anglia Array</span>

The East Anglia Array is a proposed series of offshore wind farms located around 30 miles off the east coast of East Anglia, in the North Sea, England. It has begun with the currently operational East Anglia ONE, that has been developed in partnership by ScottishPower Renewables and Vattenfall. Up to six individual projects could be set up in the area with a maximum capacity of up to 7.2 GW. The first project, East Anglia ONE at 714 MW, received planning consent in June 2014 and contracts in April 2016. Offshore construction began in 2018 and the project was commissioned in July 2020. It is expected to cost £2.5 billion.

Hornsea Wind Farm is a Round 3 wind farm which began construction in 2018. Sited in the North Sea 120 km (75 mi) off the east coast of England, the eventual wind farm group is planned to have a total capacity of up to 6 gigawatt (GW).

Empire Wind is a proposed utility-scale offshore wind farm on the Outer Continental Shelf Offshore New York. It will be located in Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) lease area OCS-A 0512 in the New York Bight about 15 miles (24 km) south of Jones Beach, Long Island.

References

  1. 1 2 Project background 2012, p. 1.
  2. ↑ Barkham, Patrick (8 January 2009), "Blown away", The Guardian
  3. ↑ "Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore Wind Farms, United Kingdom", www.power-technology.com, retrieved 17 February 2016
  4. ↑ "Nexans to supply cables for Centrica's Lynn and Inner Dowsing offshore wind farms", www.nexans.com (press release), 31 May 2006
  5. 1 2 "Lynn & Inner Dowsing Offshore Wind Farms", mth.com, archived from the original on 20 December 2016, retrieved 17 February 2016
  6. ↑ Offshore wind power projects (PDF), Siemens, 2011, p. 4
  7. ↑ "Siemens Connects Offshore Wind Parks", tdworld.com, 1 May 2007
  8. 1 2 Project background 2012, p. 2.
  9. ↑ S/153/00046/03 -= Planning Permission - Erection of a substation including the provision of capacitor banks, transformers and connection equipment to an overall height of 8.4 metres, [...] (planning application), East Lindsey District Council, 13 January 2003
  10. ↑ Project background 2012, p. 3.
  11. ↑ LORC, Timeline & Track Records.
  12. ↑ "TCW buys stake in Centrica wind farms", www.reuters.com, 28 October 2008
  13. ↑ "Centrica and EIG Sell Lynn and Inner Dowsing OWFs", www.offshorewind.biz, 5 February 2016
  14. ↑ "GLID Wind Farms acquired by the UK Green Investment Bank Offshore Wind Fund and funds managed by BlackRock", www.greeninvestmentbank.com, 5 February 2016, archived from the original on 7 February 2016, retrieved 17 February 2016
  15. ↑ Godske, Bjørn (24 August 2010), "Korrosion tvinger Siemens til skift af vingelejer i havmøller" [Corrosion forces Siemens to replace bearings in Wind Turbines], Ing.dk (in Danish), archived from the original on 27 August 2010, retrieved 17 February 2016
  16. ↑ "Siemens to make precautionary repairs to 54 offshore wind turbines", www.modernpowersystems.com, 24 June 2011
  17. ↑ See No.3 Fish Dock in Port of Grimsby.
  18. ↑ LORC, Production & Performance.
  19. ↑ Aldersey-Williams, John; Broadbent, Ian; Strachan, Peter (2019). "Better estimates of LCOE from audited accounts – A new methodology with examples from United Kingdom offshore wind and CCGT". Energy Policy. 128: 25–35. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.12.044. hdl: 10059/3298 . S2CID   158158724.
  20. ↑ See Lincs Wind Farm.
  21. ↑ "Lynn & Inner Dowsing success", www.fabricomgdfsuez-renewables.co.uk (press release), 28 May 2013, archived from the original on 25 February 2016, retrieved 17 February 2016
  22. ↑ "Grout failures bite MT Hojgaard", renews.biz, 17 April 2014
  23. ↑ Laister, David (20 August 2014), "End of wind farm 'warranty period' presents opportunities for Grimsby businesses", Grimsby Telegraph
  24. ↑ "ABB to Service Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore Wind Farm", www.offshorewind.biz, 28 February 2015
  25. ↑ Laister, David (23 March 2015), Grimsby business wins Centrica maintenance contract for Lincolnshire's first offshore wind farms

Sources