List of offshore wind farms in the United Kingdom

Last updated

This is a list of offshore wind farms within the national maritime boundaries of the United Kingdom.

Contents

In October 2023 the nameplate capacity of offshore wind farms in operation was approximately 14 GW, with a further 5 GW under construction. Contracts for difference for a further 9 GW have been awarded by the UK Government.

If all the proposed wind farms are developed, then in the 2030s the United Kingdom would have a nameplate capacity of 77GW.

Operational offshore wind farms

In October 2023, there were offshore wind farms consisting of 2,695 turbines with a combined capacity of 14,703 megawatts. Strike price based on £/MWh at 2012 prices.

NameCountryLocation Cap.
(MW)		No.ModelProject
commissioning		Strike PriceBuild
cost		 Cap.
fac. 		Depth
range (m)		 km to
shore		OwnerRefs.
Barrow England 53°59′00″N3°17′00″W / 53.98333°N 3.28333°W / 53.98333; -3.28333 9030 Vestas V90-3.0MWJuly 2006 £123m35.9% [1] 15–207 Ørsted [w 1] [2]
Beatrice Scotland 58°06′20″N03°05′35″W / 58.10556°N 3.09306°W / 58.10556; -3.09306 102 REpower 5MJuly 2007 £35m20%4523 SSE, Talisman Energy [w 2] [3]
Beatrice extension Scotland 58°06′20″N03°05′35″W / 58.10556°N 3.09306°W / 58.10556; -3.09306 58884 Siemens Gamesa 7MWJuly 2019140 £2,600m4523 SSE Talisman Energy [4] [5] [6]
Blyth Offshore DemonstratorEngland41.55 Vestas V164-8MW201750-606.5 EDF Renewables [7] [8]
Burbo Bank England 53°29′00″N3°11′00″W / 53.48333°N 3.18333°W / 53.48333; -3.18333 9025 Siemens SWP 3.6–107September 2007 £90m32–35%0–67 Ørsted [w 3] [9]
Burbo Bank Extension England 53°29′00″N3°11′00″W / 53.48333°N 3.18333°W / 53.48333; -3.18333 25832 Vestas V164 8.0 MW April 20176–13 Ørsted
Dudgeon England 53°15′00″N1°23′00″E / 53.25000°N 1.38333°E / 53.25000; 1.38333 40267 Siemens SWT-6.0–154October 2017 £1,500m48% Equinor, Statkraft [10] [11]
East Anglia One England 52°14′04″N02°29′18″E / 52.23444°N 2.48833°E / 52.23444; 2.48833 714102 Siemens SWT-7.0-1542020119.8943 [12] [13]
European Offshore Wind Deployment Centre Scotland 57°13′0″N1°59′0″W / 57.21667°N 1.98333°W / 57.21667; -1.98333 9311Vestas V164-8MWSeptember 2018323 European Offshore Wind Deployment Centre [w 4] [14]
Galloper England35356March 201827-3627 RWE [15]
Greater Gabbard England 51°56′0″N1°53′0″E / 51.93333°N 1.88333°E / 51.93333; 1.88333 504140 Siemens SWT-3.6–107September 2012 £1,500m42.2% [1] 20–3223 SSE Renewables [w 5]
Gunfleet Sands 1 & 2 England 51°43′0″N01°12′50″E / 51.71667°N 1.21389°E / 51.71667; 1.21389 17248 Siemens SWP-3.6–107April 2010 £300m36.6%2–157 Ørsted [w 6] [16]
Gunfleet Sands 3 – Demonstration ProjectEngland 51°43′0″N01°12′50″E / 51.71667°N 1.21389°E / 51.71667; 1.21389 122 Siemens SWT-6.0 120April 2013 £51m31.1%5–128 Ørsted [w 7]
Gwynt y Môr Wales 53°27′00″N03°35′00″W / 53.45000°N 3.58333°W / 53.45000; -3.58333 576160 Siemens SWT-3.6 107June 2015>£2,000m31.7%2017 RWE Npower, Stadtwerke München, GIB, Siemens [w 8]
Hornsea One England 53°53′06″N01°47′28″E / 53.88500°N 1.79111°E / 53.88500; 1.79111 1218174 Siemens SWT-7.0-1542020140 Ørsted, Global Infrastructure Partners [17] [18]
Hornsea Two England 53°53′06″N01°47′28″E / 53.88500°N 1.79111°E / 53.88500; 1.79111 1386165Siemens 8MW SG 8.0-167 DDAugust 2022 [19] 57.5025-30120 Ørsted, Global Infrastructure Partners [20] [21] [22]
Humber Gateway England 53°38′38″N0°17′35″E / 53.64389°N 0.29306°E / 53.64389; 0.29306 21973Vestas V112 3.0MWJune 2015 £736m41.1%1510 E.ON [w 9]
Hywind Scotland Scotland 57°29′0″N1°21′0″W / 57.48333°N 1.35000°W / 57.48333; -1.35000 305Siemens SWT-6.0-154 6MWOctober 2017NOK2 billion
(£152m)		54%95–12025 Equinor, Masdar
Kentish Flats England 51°27′36″N01°05′24″E / 51.46000°N 1.09000°E / 51.46000; 1.09000 1403030x Vestas V90-3.0MW
15× Vestas V112-3.3MW 		October 2005 £121.5m31.3%,
42.9% [1] 		3–510 Vattenfall [w 10] [23]
Lincs England 53°11′0″N0°29′0″E / 53.18333°N 0.48333°E / 53.18333; 0.48333 27075 Siemens SWT-3.6–120September 2013 £1,000m42%10–158 Centrica, Siemens, Ørsted [w 11] [24]
London Array England 51°38′38″N1°33′13″E / 51.64389°N 1.55361°E / 51.64389; 1.55361 630175 Siemens SWT-3.6April 2013 £1,800m41.1% [1] 0–2520 Ørsted, E.ON UK Renewables, Masdar [w 12]
Lynn and Inner Dowsing England 53°07′39″N0°26′10″E / 53.12750°N 0.43611°E / 53.12750; 0.43611 19454 Siemens SWP-3.6–107March 2009 £300m34.9%6–115 Centrica 50%
TCW 50%		 [w 13] [25]
Methil Scotland 56°09′46″N03°00′32″W / 56.16278°N 3.00889°W / 56.16278; -3.00889 71Samsung 7 MWOctober 201350.05Samsung, 2-B Energy [w 14]
Moray East Scotland 58°06′N2°48′W / 58.1°N 2.8°W / 58.1; -2.8 950100Vestas v164-9.5 MWApril 2022 [26] 57.5025-30120 Ocean Winds [12] [27] [28] [22]
North Hoyle Wales 53°26′00″N3°24′00″W / 53.43333°N 3.40000°W / 53.43333; -3.40000 6030 Vestas V80-2MWDecember 2003 £80m31.5%5–127 Greencoat UKW [w 15] [29]
Ormonde England 54°06′00″N3°24′00″W / 54.10000°N 3.40000°W / 54.10000; -3.40000 15030 REpower 5MWAugust 2012 £552m39.5% [1] 17–229.5 Vattenfall [w 16] [30]
Race Bank England 53°16′30″N0°50′30″E / 53.27500°N 0.84167°E / 53.27500; 0.84167 58091 Siemens SWT-6.0–154February 2018 Ørsted [31]
Rampion England 50°40′00″N0°16′00″W / 50.66667°N 0.26667°W / 50.66667; -0.26667 400116 Vestas V112-3.45MWApril 2018 £1,300m13 E.ON [32] [33]
Rhyl Flats Wales 53°22′00″N3°39′00″W / 53.36667°N 3.65000°W / 53.36667; -3.65000 9025 Siemens SWP 3.6–107December 2009 £198m32.9% [1] 4–158 Npower (UK) (RWE) [w 17] [34]
Robin Rigg Scotland 54°45′00″N3°43′00″W / 54.75000°N 3.71667°W / 54.75000; -3.71667 18060 Vestas V90-3.0MWApril 2010 £396m35.1% [1] 0–1211 E.ON [w 18] [35]
Scroby Sands England 52°38′0″N1°47′0″E / 52.63333°N 1.78333°E / 52.63333; 1.78333 6030 Vestas V80-2MWMarch 2004 £75.5m30.7% [1] 0–82.5 E.ON [w 19] [36]
Seagreen Phase 1 Scotland 56°35.094′N01°45.537′W / 56.584900°N 1.758950°W / 56.584900; -1.758950 1400100Vestas V164-10.0 MWOctober 202341.61£3 billionUp to 59 SSE Renewables, TotalEnergies [37] [38] [39] [40] [41]
Sheringham Shoal England 53°07′0″N1°08′0″E / 53.11667°N 1.13333°E / 53.11667; 1.13333 31788 Siemens SWT-3.6–107September 2012 £1,100m40.7% [1] 12–2417 Equinor 50%
Statkraft 50%		 [w 20]
Teesside England 54°38′50″N1°05′40″W / 54.64722°N 1.09444°W / 54.64722; -1.09444 6227 Siemens SWT-2.3August 2013 £200m34.8%7–151.5 EDF-EN [42]
Thanet England 51°26′0″N1°38′0″E / 51.43333°N 1.63333°E / 51.43333; 1.63333 300100 Vestas V90-3.0MWSeptember 2010 £900m32.8%20–2511 Vattenfall [w 21] [43]
Triton Knoll England 53°30′00″N0°48′0″E / 53.50000°N 0.80000°E / 53.50000; 0.80000 85790Vestas v164-9.5 MWMarch 2022 [44] 74.7533 RWE [12] [45] [22]
Walney England 54°03′00″N3°31′00″W / 54.05000°N 3.51667°W / 54.05000; -3.51667 367102 Siemens SWP 3.6–107February 2010 £630m40.5%,
43.8% [1] 		19–3014 Ørsted, SSE, OPW [w 22] [46]
Walney Extension England 54°5′17″N3°44′17″W / 54.08806°N 3.73806°W / 54.08806; -3.73806 6598747x Siemens SWT-7.0-154
40× MHI Vestas V164-8.25 MW		September 2018150.00 Ørsted [47] [48] [49]
Westermost Rough England 53°48′18″N0°8′56″E / 53.80500°N 0.14889°E / 53.80500; 0.14889 21035 Siemens SWT-6.0–154May 2015 £370m42.9% [1] 1510 Ørsted, Marubeni, GIB [w 23] [50]
West of Duddon Sands England 53°59′00″N3°28′00″W / 53.98333°N 3.46667°W / 53.98333; -3.46667 389108 Siemens SWP 3.6–120October 2014 £1,600m44.2% [1] 17–2415 Ørsted, Scottish Power [w 24] [51]
  • "Cap." is the rated nameplate capacity of the wind farm
  • "No." is the number of wind turbines
  • "Model" is the model of wind turbine
  • "Cost" is the total capital cost of the project up to commissioning.
  • "Cap. Fac." is the average capacity factor, i.e. the average power generated by the windfarm, as a percentage of its nameplate capacity.
  • "km to shore" is the average distance of the windfarm to shore, or (where available) the distance from the in-farm transformer/substation to the shore
  • "Depth range (m)" is the range of minimum to maximum depths of water that the windfarm is sited in
  • "Refs" cite the source references for the information. The [w ...] footnotes link to each windfarm's own home page

Map of the UK offshore wind farms

Offshore wind farm locations in UK waters
List of offshore wind farms in the United Kingdom
Invisible Square.svg
Mapscaleline.svg
100km
62miles
Red pog.svg
2021-2025 pre-construction
2021-2025 under construction
2021-2025 completed
2016 to 2020
Pre-2016
Commissioning Date
= 1200 MW
= 800 MW
= 400 MW
= 200 MW

Wind farms under construction

Offshore wind farms currently under construction (offshore), with a combined capacity in October 2023 of 5,202 MW. Strike price based on £/MWh at 2012 prices.

NameCountryLocation Cap.
(MW)		No.ModelProject commissioningStrike PriceDepth
range (m)		 km to
shore		OwnerRefs.
Neart Na Gaoithe Scotland 56°16′4″N2°19′15″W / 56.26778°N 2.32083°W / 56.26778; -2.32083 45054Siemens 8MW SG 8.0-167 DD2024114.3920EDF R / ESB [52] [13]
Sofia Offshore Wind Farm England 55°00′N1°56′E / 55.0°N 1.93°E / 55.0; 1.93 1400100Siemens 14MW SG 14-222 DD202639.65195 RWE [53] [54] [55] [56] [57]
Doggerbank A England 54°46′12″N1°55′01″E / 54.77°N 1.917°E / 54.77; 1.917 123595GE-Haliade X 13MW202339.65131 SSE Renewables, Equinor [53] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62]
Doggerbank B England123595GE-Haliade X 13MW2Q202441.61 SSE Renewables, Equinor [53] [59] [60] [61]
Moray West Scotland 58°06′N3°06′W / 58.1°N 3.1°W / 58.1; -3.1 88260Siemens SG 14-222 DD202537.35

(294MW contracted under CFD)

Ocean Wind [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71]

Pre-construction wind farms

Wind farms that have started onshore construction and have been awarded contracts under the UK Government's Contracts for Difference Round 3 (2019)/Round 4 (2022). Total capacity of 6,522 MW. Strike price based on £/MWh at 2012 prices.

NameCountryLocation Cap.
(MW)		NoModelProject
commissioning		Strike priceDepth
range (m)		 km to
shore		OwnerRefs.
Doggerbank C England121887GE-Haliade X 14MW2Q202541.61 SSE Renewables, Equinor [53] [72] [60] [61]
East Anglia Three England137295Siemens Gamesa SG 14-236 DD202637.35 Iberdrola [73] [74] [75] [76]
Hornsea Three England2852231Siemens Gamesa SG 14-236 DD202737.35160 Ørsted [77] [78] [79] [80]
Inch CapeScotland15 kilometres off the Angus coast, East Scotland1080Vestas V236-1537.35Inch Cape Offshore [81]

Proposed wind farms - Contracts for Difference Round 3

This wind farm was proposed under the UK Government's Contracts for Difference Round 3 (2019), [53] with a capacity of 12 MW. Strike price based on £/MWh at 2012 prices.

NameCountryLocation Cap.
(MW)		NoModelProject
commissioning		Strike priceDepth
range (m)		 km to
shore		OwnerRefs.
Forthwind Scotland122023/2439.650Forthwind Limited [53]

Proposed wind farms - Contracts for Difference Round 4

Wind farms proposed under the Round 4 (2022) CFD auction, [82] with a combined capacity of 1,428 MW . Strike price based on £/MWh at 2012 prices.

NameCountryLocation Cap.
(MW)		NoModelProject
commissioning		Strike priceDepth
range (m)		 km to
shore		OwnerNotesRefs.
TwinHub Floating Offshore Wind Project England3287.30Wave Hub Limited
Norfolk Boreas, Phase 1 England 53°00′00″N2°56′00″E / 53.00000°N 2.93333°E / 53.00000; 2.93333 1380Vestas202737.3572 RWE Ownership changed Dec 2023 [83] [84] [85] [86] [87]

Proposed wind farms - early planning

Wind farms that are in an exploratory phase and have not yet secured a Contract for Difference at auction.

Total capacities: England: 18,423 MW - Wales: 700 MW - Scotland: 30,326 MW

NameCountryLocation Cap.
(MW)		NoModel/

capacity

TechnologyProject
commissioning		Option PriceDepth
range (m)		 km to
shore		OwnerNotesRefs.
East Anglia One North England800Fixed202669 Iberdrola [73]
East Anglia Two England900Fixed2026 Iberdrola [73]
Rampion 2 Extension England 50°40′00″N0°16′00″W / 50.66667°N 0.26667°W / 50.66667; -0.26667 120090Fixed2030 E.ON Pre-examination stage with planning inspectorate - Oct 2023 [88] [89]
Norfolk Vanguard EastEngland1380VestasFixedBefore 2030 RWE Construction of HVDC platforms started - 04/24 [90] [86] [87] [91]
Norfolk Vanguard WestEngland138092Vestas V236-15FixedBefore 2030 RWE Construction of HVDC platforms started - 04/24 [86] [87] [91]
Dogger Bank South England3000Fixed £248m RWE Signed lease with Crown Estate - Jan 2023 [92] [93] [94]
Awel y MôrWalesAdjacent to Gwynt y Môr wind farmestimated 500up to 50Fixed RWE [95]
Five EstuariesEnglandAdjacent to Galloper Wind Farm353TBDFixed RWE [96]
North FallsEnglandAdjacent to Greater Gabbard wind farm504up to 72Fixed SSE Renewables, RWE [97]
Dogger Bank D England1320Fixed SSE Renewables, Equinor Signed lease with Crown Estate - Jan 2023 [98] [93]
Berwick Bank ScotlandOuter Firth of Forth4100Fixed2030 SSE Renewables [99]
Seagreen Phase 1A England500Fixed SSE Renewables, TotalEnergies [100]
Outer Dowsing EnglandOff the Lincolnshire Coast, East of the Humber Estuary1500Fixed2030 £125m54Corio Generation, TotalEnergies Aug 2022 - scoping report sent to the Planning Inspectorate.

Signed lease with Crown Estate - Jan 2023

 [101] [102] [103] [93] [94]
Hornsea Four England2600180Fixed203069 Ørsted Development Consent granted 12 July 2023 [104] [105] [106]
MorecambeEnglandOff the Lancashire Coast, West of Blackpool and South West of Morecambe Bay48020 - 40Fixed2028 £45m30Offshore Wind LimitedSigned lease with Crown Estate - Jan 2023 [101] [107] [108] [93] [94]
MonaEnglandOff the Northern Welsh Coast, North East of Anglesey1500Fixed £231m3530EnBW, BP Signed lease with Crown Estate - Jan 2023 [101] [109] [93] [94]
MorganEnglandOff the coast of Barrow-In-Furness, West of Morecambe Bay1500Fixed £231m3530EnBW, BP Signed lease with Crown Estate - Jan 2023 [101] [109] [93] [94]
MorvenScotland"Map Reference 1"2907Fixed£85.9m65-7560BP Alternative Energy InvestmentsNov 2022 - two floating LiDARs to be deployed [110] [109] [111]
OssianScotland"Map Reference 2"2610Up to 270Floating£85.9m SSE Renewables Potential to grow to 3.6GW. Nov 2022 - completed a geophysical and benthic survey [110] [112] [113]
BellrockScotland"Map Reference 3"1200Floating£28mFalck RenewablesFeb 2023 - FLS200 floating LiDAR buoy to be deployed. [110] [114] [115]
CampionWindScotland"Map Reference 4" Off the East coast of Scotland2000Floating£86mAveraging 77100 ScottishPower, Shell [110] [116]
Muir MhòrScotland"Map Reference 5"798Floating£20m67 Vattenfall Jun '23 Geophysical and environmental surveys started [110] [117] [118]
BowdunScotland"Map Reference 6" - E3 leasing zone off Bowdun Head100850 to 6018-25MW eachFixedConstruction to commence 2029 and commissioned in 2033£18.7m44Thistle Wind PartnersMar '23 renamed, formerly Cluaran Deas Ear [110] [119] [120]
AyreScotland"Map Reference 7" NE2 leasing zone, off East Mainland of Orkney1008FloatingConstruction to commence 2029 and commissioned in 2033£20m33Thistle Wind PartnersMar '23 renamed, formerly Cluaran Ear-Thuath [110] [111] [120]
BroadshoreScotland"Map Reference 8"900Floating£25.6mFalck RenewablesFeb 2023 - FLS200 floating LiDAR buoy to be deployed. [110] [121] [115]
CaledoniaScotland"Map Reference 9" - adjacent to Moray East and Moray West OWFs.2000Fixed2030£42.9mOcean Winds (joint venture between ENGIE & EDP Renewables)May 2023 - LiDAR devices to be deployed. Geophysical surveys partially complete. [110] [122]
StromarScotland"Map Reference 10"1000Floating£13.4mFalck Renewables [110] [123]
MarramWindScotland"Map Reference 11" - North East coast of Scotland3000Floating£68.4mAveraging 10075 ScottishPower, Shell [110] [124]
BuchanScotland"Map Reference 12"960Floating£33mBayWaA floating LiDAR Buoy has been deployed - Nov 2022 [110] [125] [126] [127]
West of OrkneyScotland"Map Reference 13"2000Fixed£65.7mOffshore Wind PowerOct 2022 - completed offshore and nearshore surveys [110] [128]
HavbredeyScotlandNorthwest of Lewis1500Floating2036£3.9m35Northland Power [110] [129] [130]
"N3 Project"Scotland"Map Reference 15"49515Mixed2030£10.3m106-125Magnora [110] [131]
Spiorad na MaraScotland"Map Reference 16" - West coast of Lewis840Fixed2031£16.1m5Northland PowerThis project will be prioritized over the Havbredey project. [110] [129] [130]
MachairWindScotland"Map Reference 17"2000Fixed£75.4m Scottish Power [110] [132]
Sheringham Shoal and Dudgeon ExtensionsEnglandAdjacent to existing Sheringham, Shoal and Dudgeon Wind Farms719up to 56Fixed Equinor April 2024 - Project has Secured Development Consent [133] [134]
PentlandScotlandOff the coast of Dounreay, Caithness7Floating2026Highland Wind LimitedOffshore consent approved by Highland Council - Oct 2022 [135] [136] [137]
Llŷr 1WalesOff the coast of Pembrokeshire100Floating202760-7040Floventis EnergyBenthic and geophysical surveys completed [138]
Llŷr 2WalesOff the coast of Pembrokeshire100Floating202760-7040Floventis EnergyBenthic and geophysical surveys completed [138]
WhitecrossEnglandOff the Devon/Cornwall coast100up to 8Floating202750Offshore Wind Ltd [139] [140]

Decommissioned offshore wind farms

In October 2022, there was one offshore wind farm that had been decommissioned, consisting of 2 turbines with a combined capacity of 4MW.

NameCountryLocation Cap.
(MW)		No.ModelProject
decommissioning		Strike PriceBuild
cost		 Cap.
fac. 		Depth
range (m)		 km to
shore		OwnerRefs.
Blyth Offshore England 55°08′09″N01°29′25″W / 55.13583°N 1.49028°W / 55.13583; -1.49028 42 Vestas V66-2MW2019 March £4m6–111.6 E.ON [141]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "UK offshore wind capacity factors". 27 January 2017. Archived from the original on 19 February 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
  2. ↑ Barrow Offshore Wind Farm (UK) 4C . Retrieved: 9 February 2015.
  3. ↑ Beatrice offshore wind farm (United Kingdom) 4C . Retrieved: 27 October 2010.
  4. ↑ Beatrice extension Retrieved: 27 October 2010.
  5. ↑ Royal Opening for Scotland's Largest Offshore Wind Farm Retrieved: 17 August 2019.
  6. ↑ CFD Register. "CFD Register".
  7. ↑ "EDF Renewables Announces Blyth Floating Offshore Wind Scheme". Port of Blyth | Leading UK Offshore Energy Support Base. 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2021-04-06.
  8. ↑ "Blyth Offshore wind farm project hits new milestone". EDF. Retrieved 2021-04-06.
  9. ↑ Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm (United Kingdom) 4C . Retrieved: 7 November 2010.
  10. ↑ Dudgeon Wind Farm project page
  11. ↑ Dudgeon 4C .
  12. 1 2 3 Crown Estate - Offshore Wind Operational Report Retrieved: 17 August 2019.
  13. 1 2 "Contracts for Difference (CFD) Allocation Round One Outcome". GOV.UK. 26 February 2015. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  14. ↑ "Aberdeen offshore wind project opposed by Trump officially opening". BBC News. NE Scotland, Orkney & Shetland. 7 September 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  15. ↑ "About Galloper | Galloper Wind Farm" . Retrieved 2022-11-07.
  16. ↑ Gunfleet Sands offshore wind farm (United Kingdom) 4C . Retrieved: 27 October 2010.
  17. ↑ "Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Phase 1 | Low Carbon Contracts Company". www.lowcarboncontracts.uk. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  18. ↑ "Hornsea Project One, North Sea". Power Technology. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  19. ↑ "Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farm - Fully Commissioned - United Kingdom | 4C Offshore". www.4coffshore.com. Retrieved 2022-10-13.
  20. ↑ Hornsea Two Offshore Wind Farm Retrieved: 17 Aug 2019.
  21. ↑ "About the project". hornseaprojects.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  22. 1 2 3 "Contracts for Difference (CFD) Second Allocation Round Results". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  23. ↑ Kentish Flats offshore wind farm (United Kingdom) 4C . Retrieved: 27 October 2010.
  24. ↑ Lincs Offshore Wind Farm (United Kingdom) 4C . Retrieved: January 2015.
  25. ↑ Lynn Inner Dowsing offshore wind farm (United Kingdom) 4C . Retrieved: 25 October 2010.
  26. ↑ "Moray East Offshore Wind Farm - Fully Commissioned - United Kingdom | 4C Offshore". www.4coffshore.com. Retrieved 2022-10-13.
  27. ↑ "Moray East Windfarm announces £2.6bn project investment amid clutch of deals". Energy Voice. 17 December 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  28. ↑ 4C Offshore - Moray East
  29. ↑ North Hoyle Offshore Wind Farm (United Kingdom) 4C . Retrieved: 7 November 2010.
  30. ↑ Ormonde (UK) offshore wind farm 4C . Retrieved: 9 February 2015.
  31. ↑ Race Bank Wind Farm project page Archived 2016-01-16 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ↑ Rampion Wind Farm project page
  33. ↑ Rampion 4C .
  34. ↑ Rhyl Flats Offshore Wind Farm (United Kingdom) 4C . Retrieved: 7 November 2010.
  35. ↑ Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm (United Kingdom) 4C . Retrieved: 7 November 2010.
  36. ↑ Scroby Sands offshore wind farm (United Kingdom) 4C . Retrieved: 27 October 2010.
  37. ↑ "Vestas Prepping Seagreen Wind Turbines for Installation". offshoreWIND.biz. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  38. ↑ "Building Scotland's largest offshore wind farm". Seagreen Wind Energy. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  39. ↑ "Contracts for Difference (CfD) Allocation Round 3: results". GOV.UK. 11 October 2019. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  40. ↑ "TotalEnergies Commissions Its Largest Wind Farm with Partner SSE Renewables | Hart Energy". www.hartenergy.com. 2023-11-15. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
  41. ↑ Lewis, Michelle (2022-08-23). "The world's deepest fixed-bottom offshore wind farm produces first power". Electrek. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
  42. ↑ Teesside offshore wind farm (United Kingdom) 4C . Retrieved: 11 February 2015.
  43. ↑ Thanet Offshore Wind Farm (United Kingdom) 4C . Retrieved: 24 September 2010.
  44. ↑ "Triton Knoll Offshore Wind Farm - Partial Generation/Under Construction - United Kingdom | 4C Offshore". www.4coffshore.com. Retrieved 2022-10-13.
  45. ↑ "Latest News". RWE Triton Knoll. Retrieved 9 Feb 2021.
  46. ↑ Walney 1, Walney 2 4C . Retrieved: 9 February 2015.
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Wind farms

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wind power in the United Kingdom</span>

The United Kingdom is the best location for wind power in Europe and one of the best in the world. The combination of long coastline, shallow water and strong winds make offshore wind unusually effective.

The Thanet Wind Farm is an offshore wind farm 7 miles (11 km) off the coast of Thanet district in Kent, England. On commissioning it was the world's largest offshore wind farm. It has a nameplate capacity of 300 MW and it cost £780–900 million (US$1.2–1.4 billion). Thanet is one of fifteen Round 2 wind projects announced by the Crown Estate in January 2004 but the first to be developed. It was officially opened on 23 September 2010, when it overtook Horns Rev 2 as the biggest offshore wind farm in the world. It has since been overtaken by many others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wind power in Scotland</span>

Wind power is the fastest-growing renewable energy technology in Scotland, with 11,482 megawatts (MW) of installed wind power capacity by Q1 2023. This included 9,316 MW from onshore wind in Scotland and 2,166 MW of offshore wind generators.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wind power in France</span>

In 2021 France reached a total of 18,676 megawatts (MW) installed wind power capacity placing France at that time as the world's seventh largest wind power nation by installed capacity, behind the United Kingdom and Brazil and ahead of Canada and Italy. According to the IEA the yearly wind production was 20.2 TWh in 2015, representing almost 23% of the 88.4 TWh from renewable sources in France during that year. Wind provided 4.3% of the country's electricity demand in 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Floating wind turbine</span> Type of wind turbine

A floating wind turbine is an offshore wind turbine mounted on a floating structure that allows the turbine to generate electricity in water depths where fixed-foundation turbines are not feasible. Floating wind farms have the potential to significantly increase the sea area available for offshore wind farms, especially in countries with limited shallow waters, such as Spain, Portugal, Japan, France and the United States' West Coast. Locating wind farms further offshore can also reduce visual pollution, provide better accommodation for fishing and shipping lanes, and reach stronger and more consistent winds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walney Wind Farm</span> Offshore wind farm off the coast of Cumbria, England

Walney Wind Farms are a group of offshore wind farms 9 miles (14 km) west of Walney Island off the coast of Cumbria, England, in the Irish Sea. The group, operated by Ørsted, consists of Walney Phase 1, Phase 2 and the Walney Extension. The extension has a capacity of 659 MW and it was the world's second largest offshore wind farm in 2018.

Dogger Bank Wind Farm is a group of offshore wind farms under construction 130 to 200 kilometres off the east coast of Yorkshire, England in the North Sea. It is considered to be the world's largest offshore windfarm. It was developed by the Forewind consortium, with three phases envisioned - first phase, second phase and third phase. In 2015, the third phase was abandoned, while the first and second phases were granted consent. It was initially expected that the Dogger Bank development will consist of four offshore wind farms, each with a capacity of up to 1.2 GW, creating a combined capacity of 4.8 GW. As of 2023, a total of 277 turbines are expected to be built and produce a capacity of 3.6 GW, enough to power 6 million homes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Anglia Array</span>

The East Anglia Array is a proposed series of offshore wind farms located around 30 miles off the east coast of East Anglia, in the North Sea, England. It has begun with the currently operational East Anglia ONE, that has been developed in partnership by ScottishPower Renewables and Vattenfall. Up to six individual projects could be set up in the area with a maximum capacity of up to 7.2 GW. The first project, East Anglia ONE at 714 MW, received planning consent in June 2014 and contracts in April 2016. Offshore construction began in 2018 and the project was commissioned in July 2020. It is expected to cost £2.5 billion.

Hornsea Wind Farm is a Round 3 wind farm which began construction in 2018. Sited in the North Sea 120 km (75 mi) off the east coast of England, the eventual wind farm group is planned to have a total capacity of up to 6 gigawatt (GW).

Wind power is a form of renewable energy in South Korea with the goal of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) and particulate matter (PM) emissions caused by coal based power. After two oil crises dating back to the 1970s, the South Korean government needed to transition to renewable energy, which encouraged their first renewable energy law in 1987.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wind power in Taiwan</span> Overview of wind power in Taiwan

Wind power is a major industry in Taiwan. Taiwan has abundant wind resources however a lack of space on land means that most major developments are offshore. As of February 2020, there were 361 installed onshore turbines and 22 offshore turbines in operation with the total installed capacity of 845.2 MW.

The energy islands of Denmark are two large-scale offshore wind farm projects that the government of Denmark is planning to establish, in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea respectively, by 2030. In the North Sea, an artificial island will be constructed with the capacity to serve as a hub for up to 3 GW of offshore wind farms initially, and potentially up to 10 GW in the future. The artificial island may take the form of a sand island, steel platforms, or a large container lowered into place and filled with stone material, and would be located approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of Jutland, at a water depth of 26–27 metres (85–89 ft). In the Baltic Sea, a hub will be built on the natural island of Bornholm that will be able to serve up to 3 GW of offshore wind farms.

SouthCoast Wind, formerly known as Mayflower Wind, is a proposed offshore wind farm in U.S. federal waters about 30 miles south of Martha’s Vineyard and 23 miles south of Nantucket, Massachusetts with an name plate capacity of 804 MW in Lease OCS-A 0521, which covers 127,388 acres. Construction is expected to start in the mid-2020s.

Moray East Wind Farm is an offshore wind farm located in the Moray Firth off the coast of Scotland.

The United Kingdom became the world leader of offshore wind power generation in October 2008 when it overtook Denmark.

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