Macrobiotidae

Macrobiotidae
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Tardigrada
Class:	Eutardigrada
Order:	Parachela
Superfamily:	Macrobiotoidea
Family:	Macrobiotidae Thulin, 1928 [1]
Type genus
Macrobiotus C.A.S. Schultze, 1834

Macrobiotidae is a family of tardigrades.

Phylogeny

External phylogeny

According to a 2018 report using multiple morphological and molecular studies, the Macrobiotoidea are sister to the Hypsibioidea; both are eutardigrades. ^[2] The genera Adorybiotus and Richtersius were transferred from Macrobiotidae to a new family, Richtersiidae, in 2016. ^{[3] [4]}

Eutardigrada	Apochela Milnesiidae Parachela Isohypsibiodea Macrobiotoidea Macrobiotidae Richtersiidae [3] Hypsibioidea

Internal phylogeny

A 2021 phylogenetic analysis found that the genus Macrobiotus is monophyletic (a clade) but that the former genus Xerobiotus is wholly contained within Macrobiotus. A new genus, Sisubiotus , was created. The genus " Minibiotus " was seen to be paraphyletic with respect to Tenuibiotus and Paramacrobiotus. ^[5]

Macrobiotidae	Macrobiotus Mesobiotus Sisubiotus " Minibiotus " (part) "Minibiotus" (part) Tenuibiotus Paramacrobiotus

Genera

As of 2023 ^[update] , the family Macrobiotidae consists of the following genera: ^[3]

• Biserovus Guidetti & Pilato, 2003
• Calcarobiotus Dastych, 1993
  • C. (Calcarobiotus) Dastych, 1993
  • C. (Discrepunguis) Guidetti & Bertolani, 2001
• Famelobiotus Pilato, Binda & Lisi, 2004
• Insuetifurca Guidetti & Pilato, 2003
• Macrobiotus C.A.S. Schultze, 1834
• Mesobiotus Vecchi et al., 2016
• Minibiotus R.O. Schuster, 1980
• Minilentus Guidetti & Pilato, 2003
• Paramacrobiotus Guidetti et al., 2009 ^{[6] [7] [8]}
• Pseudodiphascon Ramazzotti, 1965 (genus dubium)
• Pseudohexapodibius Bertolani & Biserov, 1996
• Schusterius Kaczmarek & Michalczyk, 2006
• Sisubiotus Stec, Vecchi, Calhim & Michalczyk, 2021
• Tenuibiotus Pilato & Lisi, 2011
• Xerobiotus Bertolani & Biserov, 1996

References

1. Thulin, Gustav (1928). "Über die Phylogenie und das System der Tardigraden". Hereditas. 11 (2–3): 207–266. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1928.tb02488.x .
2. Jørgensen, Aslak; Kristensen, Reinhardt M.; Møbjerg, Nadja (2018). "Phylogeny and Integrative Taxonomy of Tardigrada". Water Bears: The Biology of Tardigrades. Vol. 2. Springer International Publishing. pp. 95–114. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95702-9_3. ISBN   978-3-319-95701-2.
3. Degma, Peter; Bertolani, Roberto; Guidetti, Roberto. "Actual checklist of Tardigrada species" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-01-31.
4. Guidetti, Roberto; Rebecchi, Lorena; Bertolani, Roberto; Jönsson, Kjell Ingemar; Møbjerg Kristensen, Reinhardt; Cesari, Michele (December 2016). "Morphological and molecular analyses on Richtersius (Eutardigrada) diversity reveal its new systematic position and lead to the establishment of a new genus and a new family within Macrobiotoidea". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 178 (4): 834–845. doi: 10.1111/zoj.12428 . hdl: 11380/1116627 .
5. Stec, Daniel; Vecchi, Matteo; Calhim, Sara; Michalczyk, Łukasz (2021). "New multilocus phylogeny reorganises the family Macrobiotidae (Eutardigrada) and unveils complex morphological evolution of the Macrobiotus hufelandi group". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 160: 106987. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106987 .
6. Dockrill, Peter (2020-10-14). "We Just Found Another Trick Tardigrades Use to Be Basically Indestructible". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
7. Lorena Rebecchi et al.: Resistance of the anhydrobiotic eutardigrade Paramacrobiotus richtersi to space flight (LIFE-TARSE mission on FOTON-M3). In: Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 49; 21 April 2011; pp. 98–103; doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00606.x.
8. Dvorsky, George (2020-10-14). "New Fluorescent Tardigrade Is Weirdly Resistant to UV Radiation". Gizmodo. Retrieved 2023-01-31.