Magnum Photos

Last updated

Magnum Photos
Company type Cooperative
IndustryPhotography
Founded1947;77 years ago (1947)
Founder Robert Capa, David "Chim" Seymour, Henri Cartier-Bresson, George Rodger, William Vandivert, Rita Vandivert, Maria Eisner
HeadquartersNew York City, Paris, London, Tokyo
Area served
Worldwide
Products Photojournalism, stock photography
Website www.magnumphotos.com

Magnum Photos is an international photographic cooperative owned by its photographer-members, with offices in New York City, Paris, London and Tokyo. It was founded in 1947 in Paris by photographers Robert Capa, David "Chim" Seymour, Maria Eisner, Henri Cartier-Bresson, George Rodger, William Vandivert, and Rita Vandivert. Its photographers retain all copyrights to their own work.

Contents

In 2010, MSD Capital acquired a collection of nearly 200,000 original press prints of images taken by Magnum photographers, which in 2013 it donated to the Harry Ransom Center.

Founding of agency

Magnum was founded in Paris in 1947 by Robert Capa, David "Chim" Seymour, Henri Cartier-Bresson, George Rodger and William Vandivert (all photographers), Rita Vandivert and Maria Eisner, based on an idea of Capa's. (Seymour, Cartier-Bresson and Rodger were all absent from the meeting at which it was founded. [1] In response to a letter telling him that he was a member, Rodger wrote that Magnum seemed a good idea but, "It all sounded too halcyon to be true," when Capa had told him of it and, "I rather dismissed the whole thing from my mind". [2] )

Rita Vandivert was the first President, and head of the New York office; Maria Eisner the head of the Paris office. [3] The plan was for Rodger to cover Africa and the Middle East; Cartier-Bresson to cover south and east Asia; Seymour and William Vandivert to cover Europe and the United States, respectively; and Capa to be free to follow his curiosity and events. [3]

Magnum is one of the first photographic cooperatives, owned and administered entirely by members. The staff serve a support role for the photographers, who retain all copyrights to their own work.

The Magnum cooperative has included photojournalists from across the world, who have covered many historical events of the 20th century. The cooperative's archive includes photographs depicting family life, drugs, religion, war, poverty, famine, crime, government and celebrities.

Although it has been asserted that the name "Magnum" was chosen because the founding members always drank a bottle of champagne during the first meetings, [4] Russell Miller writes:

It was . . . presumably agreed by those present [at the first meeting] that Magnum was a fine new name for such a bold new venture, indicative as it was of greatness in its literal Latin translation, toughness in its gun connotation and celebration in its champagne mode. [5]

Boy destroying piano at Pant-y-Waen, South Wales, by Philip Jones Griffiths, 1961 Boy destroying piano.jpg
Boy destroying piano at Pant-y-Waen, South Wales, by Philip Jones Griffiths, 1961

Governance

Magnum is owned by its photographers, who act as shareholders. Each full member of Magnum has a vote in proposals made at a meeting held once a year, called the Annual General Meeting (AGM). [6] [7] Photographers with the status of contributor or correspondent are represented by Magnum but have no voting rights. Full members can choose to become contributors after 23 years of membership; this status gives them increased liberty to work outside Magnum, at the cost of their voting rights. [8]

Elections of new members

Interview with Abbas about Magnum

In the early years of Magnum, membership had generally come about by the personal invitation of Robert Capa. However, in 1955 a three-stage membership system was set up that continues to this day [9] and is described below. Until 1953 there were also a large number of stringers who used Magnum but were not members. [10]

Magnum's photographers meet once a year, during the last weekend in June, in New York City, Paris or London, to discuss the cooperative's business. One day of the meeting is reserved to review potential new members' portfolios and vote on admitting individuals. An approved applicant is invited to become a 'Nominee Member' of Magnum, a category of membership that provides a chance for members and the individual to get to know each other, but that includes no binding commitments on either side.

After two years of Nominee membership, a photographer may present another portfolio if wanting to apply for 'Associate Membership'. If successful, the photographer is bound by the rules of the agency, and enjoys its facilities and worldwide representation. The difference between an Associate Member and a full Member is that an Associate is not a Director of the Company and does not have voting rights in the corporate decision-making. After two more years, an Associate wanting to be considered for full membership presents another portfolio of work for consideration by the members. Once elected as a full member, the individual is a member of Magnum for life or for as long as the photographer chooses.

Accusations of child protection issues

Magnum Photos' digital archive constitutes more than 1 million images, that Magnum licenses through its website. [11] In August 2020, the Magnum website was taken offline after issues were raised by the Fstoppers photography website and amplified on social media by others including Jörg Colberg. Given the tags on the photos, there was concern that Magnum was making available photographs of children featuring nudity; that documented encounters that constituted a record of acts of child sexual abuse; and that were problematic[ clarification needed ] in terms of the way they had been labelled for searching. [12] [11] "Much of the criticism [. . .] has focused on a series of photographs by the US photographer David Alan Harvey from his time documenting sex workers in Bangkok in 1989." [13] In a statement Magnum said it will re-examine the content of its archive, and has since made its website available again but without Harvey's Bangkok series. [11] [14] Harvey was later suspended for a year following a formal investigation into sexual misconduct allegations against him. [15]

Photographic collection

In February 2010, Magnum announced that Michael Dell's venture capital firm MSD Capital had acquired a collection of nearly 200,000 original press prints of images taken by Magnum photographers. It had formed a partnership with the Harry Ransom Center at The University of Texas at Austin to preserve, catalog, and make photographs available to the general public. [16] [17] [18] In September 2013 it was announced MSD Capital donated the collection to the Ransom Center. [19] A preliminary inventory is available for researchers who wish to use the collection. [20]

Graduate Photographers Award

The Graduate Photographers Award was established in 2015. [21]

Member list

NameNationalityStatusActive yearsNote
Abbas Attar IranDeceased1981–2018 [22] Nominee from 1981; Full Member from 1985 [22] [23]
William Keo FranceActive (Nominee Member) [24] 2021–
Antoine d'Agata FranceActive (full Member)2004–
Khalik Allah USActive (Nominee Member) [25] 2020–
Christopher Anderson United StatesActive (full Member)2005–Nominee from 2005; Full Member from 2010 [26]
Ansel Adams United StatesDeceasedNonmember correspondent 1956 [27] –
Eve Arnold United StatesDeceased1951–2012Associate Member from 1951; [28] Member from 1957 [29] First female Member.
Olivia Arthur United KingdomActive (full Member)2008–Nominee from 2008, associate from 2011, and full member from 2013. [30] [31]
Micha Bar-Am IsraelActive (Correspondent)1968–Correspondent from 1968 [32]
Bruno Barbey France [33] Deceased1964– [34] 2020 [35] Member from 1968. [34]
Jonas Bendiksen NorwayActive (full Member)2004–Nominee from 2004; Member from 2008 [36]
Ian Berry United KingdomActive (full Member)1967 [27] –Member from 1962. [37]
Werner Bischof SwitzerlandDeceased1948–1954Associate member from 1948, full member from 1949 [38] : 454  [39]
Matt Black United StatesActive (Full member) [7] 2015– [40]
Brian Brake New ZealandWithdrawn1957–1966 [27] Deceased
Michael Christopher Brown United StatesWithdrawn2013–2017 [41] [42] [43]
René Burri SwitzerlandDeceased1955 [27] –2014Associate Member from 1955; Member from 1959 [44]
Enri Canaj AlbaniaActive (Associate) [7] 2017–
Cornell Capa Hungary / United StatesDeceased1954–2008Member from 1954; [45] Brother of Robert
Robert Capa Hungary / United StatesDeceased1947–1954Founding member
Henri Cartier-Bresson FranceDeceased1947–2004Founding member; Contributor from 1966 [27]
Chien-Chi Chang TaiwanActive (full Member)1995– [46] Member from 2001 [46]
Bruce Davidson United StatesActive (Contributor)1956– [47] Member from 1959 [47]
Carl de Keyzer BelgiumActive (full Member)1990– [48] Member from 1994 [48]
Cristina de Middel SpainActive (Associate) [7] 2017–
Luc Delahaye FranceWithdrawn1994–2004
Raymond Depardon FranceActive (Contributor)1978–Associate Member from 1978; Member from 1979 [49]
Bieke Depoorter BelgiumActive (full Member)2012– [50]
Carolyn Drake United StatesActive (Full member)2015– [40]
Thomas Dworzak GermanyActive (full Member)2000–Nominee from 2000; member from 2004 [51]
Nikos Economopoulos GreeceActive (full Member)1990–Member from 1994 [52]
Elliott Erwitt France / United StatesDeceased1953–2023 [53] Member from 1954 [53]
Martine Franck BelgiumDeceased1980–2012 [54] Member from 1983 [54]
Stuart Franklin United KingdomActive (full Member)1985– [55] Member from 1990. [55]
Leonard Freed United StatesDeceased1956 [56] –2006Member from 1972 [56]
Gisèle Freund FranceDeceased1947–1954 [57]
Paul Fusco United StatesDeceased1974–2020Member from 1974
Cristina García Rodero SpainActive (full Member)2005– [58] Member from 2009 [58]
Jean Gaumy FranceActive (full Member)1977– [59] Member from 1986 [59]
Bruce Gilden United StatesActive (full Member)1998– [60] Member from 2002 [60]
Burt Glinn United StatesDeceased1951 [61] –2008Associate Member from 1951; [28] Member from 1954 [61]
Mark GodfreyUnited StatesWithdrawn1974–1981 [27]
Jim Goldberg United StatesActive (full Member)2002– [62] Member from 2006 [62]
Philip Jones Griffiths United KingdomDeceased1966–2008Associate Member from 1966; Member from 1971 [63]
Harry Gruyaert BelgiumActive (Contributor)1981– [64] Member from 1986 [64]
Ara Güler TurkeyDeceased
Ernst Haas AustriaDeceased1950 [27] –1986Contributor from 1966 [27]
Gregory Halpern USActive (Associate)2018–Nominee from 2018 [65]
Philippe Halsman Russia (Latvia) / United StatesDeceased1951 [66] –1979Contributing member from 1956 [66]
Hiroshi Hamaya JapanDeceased1960–1999Associate Member from 1960 [67]
Charles Harbutt United StatesWithdrawn1964–1981 [27]
Erich Hartmann Germany / United StatesDeceased1951 [27] [68] –1999Member from 1952 [68]
David Alan Harvey United StatesWas full Member but suspended then resigned1993–2020 [27] [69] [15] Member from 1997. [69] Harvey received a one-year suspension in 2020 following sexual misconduct allegations. [15] Magnum voted to remove him as a member and he resigned in 2021 before the board had their final meeting regarding the matter. [70]
Nanna Heitmann Germany/RussiaActive (Nominee)2019–Nominee from 2019
Bob Henriques United StatesDeceased [71] 1957–1961 (circa)
Tim Hetherington United KingdomDeceased2011Posthumous acceptance; Hetherington was preparing to apply to Magnum at the time of his death. [72]
Abigail Heyman United StatesDeceased1970s;
Thomas Hoepker GermanyActive (full Member)1964– [73] Member from 1989; president 2003–2006. [73]
Sohrab Hura IndiaActive (full member) [7] 2014–Nominee member from 2014; [74] Associate member from 2018; [75] full member from 2020 [25]
David Hurn United KingdomActive (full Member)1965– [76] Associate Member from 1965; [77] Member from 1967 [76]
Richard Kalvar United StatesActive (full Member)1975 [27] –Associate Member from 1975; Member from 1977. [78]
Josef Koudelka Czech RepublicActive (Contributor)1971 [27] –Associate Member from 1971; Member from 1974. [79]
Kent Klich SwedenWithdrawn1998–2002
Hiroji Kubota JapanActive (full Member)1971–Associate Member from 1971; [80] Member from 1989. [81]
Dorothea Lange United StatesDeceasedNonmember correspondent 1956 [27] –
Sergio Larraín ChileDeceased1959–2012Associate Member from 1959; Member from 1961; Contributor from 1970 [82]
Russell Lee United StatesDeceasedNonmember correspondent 1956 [27] –
Guy Le Querrec FranceActive (full Member)1976– [83] Member from 1977. [83]
Erich Lessing AustriaDeceased1950– [84] 2018Member from 1955; [85] later Contributor [84] until his death in 2018
Herbert List GermanyDeceasedContributor 1951–1975 [86]
Paul Lowe [87] United KingdomWithdrawn
Danny Lyon United StatesWithdrawn1966–1968 [27]
Alex Majoli ItalyActive (full Member)1996– [88] Member from 2001. [88]
Constantine Manos United StatesActive (contributor)1963 [27] – [89] Member from 1965. [89]
Mary Ellen Mark United StatesDeceased1977–1981 [27]
Diana Markosian ArmeniaWithdrawn2016–2019Nominee Member from 2016 [90]
Peter Marlow United KingdomDeceased [91] 1986–2016Member from 1986 [92] to his death in 2016.
Fred Mayer SwitzerlandWithdrawn1967 [93] – 2009
Don McCullin United KingdomWithdrawn1968–1969 [27]
Steve McCurry United StatesActive (Contributor)1986–Member from 1986. [94]
Susan Meiselas United StatesActive (full Member)1976– [95] Member from 1980. [95]
Lorenzo MeloniItalyActive (full Member)2015– [40] Nominee from 2015; [40] Associate member from 2018 [96]
Rafał Milach PolandActive (Associate)2018–Nominee from 2018 [65]
Wayne F. Miller United StatesDeceasedNonmember correspondent 1956 [27] –1958; member 1958 [27] –2013Member from 1958, later a contributor. [97]
Inge Morath AustriaDeceased1953 [98] –2002Member from 1955. [98]
Richard Mosse IrelandWithdrawn2015– [40]
James Nachtwey United StatesWithdrawn1986–2001
Dominic Nahr  [ de ]SwitzerlandWithdrawn2010–2015
Emin Özmen TurkeyActive (Associate)2017–
Trent Parke AustraliaActive (full Member)2002– [99] Member from 2007. [99]
Suzy Parker United StatesDeceasedAccording to John G. Morris, "Capa showed model Suzy Parker how to take pictures, and for a while she was listed as a Magnum photographer". [100]
Martin Parr United KingdomActive (full Member)1988– [101] Member from 1994. [101]
Paolo Pellegrin ItalyActive (full Member)2001– [102] Nominee from 2001; Member from 2005. [102]
Gilles Peress FranceActive (Contributor)1970– [103] As of 2010, a Contributor. [103]
Gueorgui Pinkhassov RussiaActive (Contributor)1986– [104] Member from 1994. [104]
Mark Power United KingdomActive (full Member)2002– [105] Member from 2007. [105]
Raghu Rai IndiaActive (Contributor)1977–
Eli Reed United StatesActive (full Member)1983–
Lua Ribeira SpainActive (Associate)2018–Nominee from 2018 [65]
Marc Riboud FranceDeceased1955 [27] –2016
Eugene Richards United StatesWithdrawn1983–
Miguel Rio Branco BrazilActive (Correspondent)1978–Associate Member from 1980 [106] [107]
George Rodger United KingdomDeceased1947–1995Founding member; Contributor from 1970 [27]
Sebastião Salgado BrazilWithdrawn1979–1994
Moises Saman SpainActive (full member) [108] 2010–Nominee member from 2010; full member from 2014
Alessandra Sanguinetti United States / ArgentinaActive (full Member)2007–
Lise Sarfati FranceWithdrawn1997–
Ferdinando Scianna ItalyActive (Contributor) [109] 1982–Member from 1989 [110]
Jérôme SessiniFranceActive (full Member)2012– [111]
David Seymour Poland, France, United StatesDeceased1947–1956Founding member
Marilyn Silverstone United States / NepalDeceased1964–Associate Member from 1964, Full Member from 1967, Contributor from 1975 [112]
W. Eugene Smith United StatesWithdrawn [113] 1957 [27] –1958 [114] Deceased
Lindokuhle Sobekwa South AfricaActive (Associate)2018–Nominee from 2018 [65]
Jacob Aue Sobol DenmarkActive (full Member)2007–
Alec Soth United StatesActive (full Member)2004–Nominee from 2004; Member from 2008 [115]
Chris Steele-Perkins United KingdomActive (full Member)1979–Nominee from 1979; Associate Member from 1981; Member from 1983 [116]
Dennis Stock United StatesDeceased1951–2009Associate Member from 1951; Member from 1957 [117]
Matt Stuart United KingdomWithdrawn2016–2018Nominee Member from 2016 [90]
Mikhael Subotzky South AfricaActive (Full member)2007–
Krijn Taconis  [ nl ]NetherlandsWithdrawn1954 [27] –1960 [27] Deceased
Newsha Tavakolian IranActive (Full member) [7] 2015– [40]
Nicolas Tikhomiroff Russia / FranceWithdrawn1959–2016Deceased
Larry Towell CanadaActive (full Member)1988–
Ilkka Uimonen FinlandWithdrawn2002–
Burk Uzzle United StatesWithdrawn1967–1983 [118] 1979–1980 President [118]
Peter van Agtmael United StatesActive (Full Member)2008–Nominee from 2008, associate from 2011, and full member from 2013. [30] [31]
William Vandivert United StatesDeceased1947 [119] –1948 [120] Founding member
John Vink  [ de ]BelgiumWithdrawn1993–2007 [121] Member from 1997 [122]
Alex Webb United StatesActive (full Member)1976–
Simon Wheatley  [ fa ]SingaporeWithdrawn2005–2011
Donovan Wylie United KingdomWithdrawn1992–2017Member from 1997 [123]
Sim Chi Yin SingaporeActive (Nominee)2018–Nominee from 2018 [65]
Patrick Zachmann FranceActive (full Member)1985–

Publications

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. ↑ Russell Miller, Magnum: Fifty Years at the Front Line of History (New York: Grove, 1998; ISBN   0-8021-3653-2), pp. 49–50.
  2. ↑ Miller, Magnum, p. 53
  3. 1 2 Miller, Magnum, p.51.
  4. ↑ Die Leica-Geschichte, TV-Documentary, can be viewed here (YouTube).
  5. ↑ Miller, Magnum, p.49.
  6. ↑ "Magnum Photos History of Magnum". pro.magnumphotos.com. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Annual General Meeting (AGM)". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  8. ↑ "Magnum Photos History of Magnum". pro.magnumphotos.com. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  9. ↑ Miller, Magnum, p.127.
  10. ↑ Miller, Magnum, pp. 70, 97, 106.
  11. 1 2 3 Beaumont, Peter (14 August 2020). "Magnum reviewing archive as concerns raised about images of child sexual exploitation". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  12. ↑ Bishara, Hakim (17 August 2020). "Magnum Photos Will Reexamine Its Archive Following Outcry Against Child Exploitation Images". Hyperallergic. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  13. ↑ "Magnum Investigating Archive over Images of Alleged Child Sexual Abuse". Artforum . Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  14. ↑ "After allegations of child abuse imagery in their archive, Magnum photo agency announce major review". The Art Newspaper . 17 August 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  15. 1 2 3 Chick, Kristen (21 December 2020). "Magnum's moment of reckoning". Columbia Journalism Review. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020.
  16. ↑ Randy Kennedy (1 February 2010). "News Photos, on the Move, Make News". The New York Times . Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  17. ↑ Press Release (2 February 2010). "Historic Photo Print Archive, Featuring Iconic 20th Century Images, Has New Owner and Home". University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  18. ↑ Gerald Rich (4 February 2010). "UT Receives Historical Treasure: Harry Ransom Center acquires 20th-century photography archive". The Daily Texan . Retrieved 9 February 2010.[ permanent dead link ]
  19. ↑ Michael J. de la Merced (21 September 2013). "Dell-Led Trio to Donate Magnum Photo Archive to University of Texas". The New York Times . Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  20. ↑ Harry Ransom Center. "Magnum Photos, Inc.: A Preliminary Inventory of Its Collection in the Photography Collection at the Harry Ransom Center". University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original on 26 November 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  21. ↑ "Magnum Photos Event". pro.magnumphotos.com.
  22. 1 2 "Abbas", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  23. ↑ Photos, A. Abbas / Magnum (26 April 2018). "Photojournalist Abbas – a career in pictures". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077.
  24. ↑ "Magnum announces new Nominees, Associate and Member at its 74th AGM in Paris | Magnum Photos Magnum Photos".
  25. 1 2 "Magnum signs five new photographers after its lack of diversity comes under attack". theartnewspaper.com. 30 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  26. ↑ "Christopher Anderson", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Chronology, Magnum Photos (London: Thames & Hudson, 2008; ISBN   978-0-500-41094-3), not paginated.
  28. 1 2 "Burt Glinn", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  29. ↑ "Eve Arnold", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  30. 1 2 "Magnum Photos appoints new full members – British Journal of Photography". bjp-online.com. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  31. 1 2 Murg, Stephanie (9 July 2013). "Magnum Photos Adds Olivia Arthur and Peter van Agtmael as Full Members". Adweek . Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  32. ↑ "Micha Bar-Am", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  33. ↑ "Bruno Barbey". brunobarbey.com. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  34. 1 2 "Bruno Barbey", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 January 2010.
  35. ↑ Mercier, Clémentine (9 November 2020). "Mort de Bruno Barbey, figure de l'âge d'or du photojournalisme". Libération. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  36. ↑ "Jonas Bendiksen", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  37. ↑ "Magnum Photos Photographer Profile". magnumphotos.com.
  38. ↑ Manchester, William (1989). In Our Time: The World as Seen by Magnum Photographers. W W Norton & Co Inc. ISBN   0-393-02767-8.
  39. ↑ "Werner Bischof", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 January 2010.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Magnum announces latest nominees". British Journal of Photography . 162 (7839): 7. 2015.
  41. ↑ "Michael Christopher Brown joins Magnum Photos [update]" . Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  42. ↑ "Magnum Photos Names 6 New Nominees". 29 June 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  43. ↑ "Newsroom" . Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  44. ↑ "Rene Burri", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  45. ↑ "Cornell Capa", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 18 January 2010.
  46. 1 2 "Chien-Chi Chang", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  47. 1 2 "Bruce Davidson", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  48. 1 2 "Carl De Keyzer", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  49. ↑ "Raymond Depardon", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  50. ↑ "Magnum Photos Photographer Profile". pro.magnumphotos.com. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
  51. ↑ "Thomas Dworzak", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  52. ↑ "Nikos Economopoulos", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  53. 1 2 "Elliott Erwitt", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  54. 1 2 "Martine Franck", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  55. 1 2 "Stuart Franklin", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  56. 1 2 "Leonard Freed", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  57. ↑ Meeker, Carlene. "Gisèle Freund". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  58. 1 2 "Cristina García Rodero", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  59. 1 2 "Jean Gaumy", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  60. 1 2 "Bruce Gilden", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  61. 1 2 "Burt Glinn", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  62. 1 2 "Jim Goldberg", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  63. ↑ "Philip Jones Griffiths", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  64. 1 2 "Harry Gruyaert", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  65. 1 2 3 4 5 "Magnum Photos' international new wave of Nominees – British Journal of Photography". British Journal of Photography . Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  66. 1 2 "Philippe Halsman", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  67. ↑ Amanda Hopkinson (26 March 1999). "Have camera, will travel". The Guardian . Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  68. 1 2 "Erich Hartmann", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  69. 1 2 "David Alan Harvey", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  70. ↑ "Photographer David Alan Harvey resigns from Magnum after sexual abuse allegations". theartnewspaper.com. 18 March 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
  71. ↑ "Magnum Photos". pro.magnumphotos.com. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  72. ↑ "Tim Hetherington • Photographer Profiles • Magnum Photos". Magnum Photos. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  73. 1 2 "Profiles – Thomas Hoepker". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  74. ↑ "Magnum elects Sohrab Hura as newest nominee". British Journal of Photography . Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  75. ↑ "Magnum Photos' international new wave of Nominees". British Journal of Photography. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  76. 1 2 "David Hurn", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  77. ↑ "David Hurn", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  78. ↑ "Richard Kalvar", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 14 February 2010.
  79. ↑ "Josef Koudelka", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 14 February 2010.
  80. ↑ "Hiroji Kubota", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 14 February 2010.
  81. ↑ "Hiroji Kubota", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 14 February 2010.
  82. ↑ "Sergio Larrain", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 14 February 2010.
  83. 1 2 "Guy Le Querrec", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 17 February 2010.
  84. 1 2 "Erich Lessing", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 17 February 2010.
  85. ↑ "Erich Lessing", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  86. ↑ "Herbert List", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
  87. ↑ "Paul Lowe | Magnum Consortium". www.magnumconsortium.net. Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  88. 1 2 "Alex Majoli", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
  89. 1 2 "Constantine Manos", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
  90. 1 2 Bainbridge, Simon (27 June 2016). "Magnum Photos announces two new nominee members following its 69th AGM". British Journal of Photography . Apptitude Media Ltd. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  91. ↑ O'Hagan, Sean (3 March 2016). "Peter Marlow obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  92. ↑ "Peter Marlow", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  93. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  94. ↑ "Steve McCurry", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  95. 1 2 "Susan Meiselas", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
  96. ↑ "Magnum Photos' international new wave of Nominees – British Journal of Photography". bjp-online.com. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  97. ↑ "Wayne Miller", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
  98. 1 2 "Inge Morath", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
  99. 1 2 "Trent Parke", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 20 March 2010
  100. ↑ "The photographic collection of John G Morris". The Guardian . 19 April 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  101. 1 2 "Martin Parr", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 20 March 2010
  102. 1 2 "Paolo Pellegrin", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 20 March 2010
  103. 1 2 "Gilles Peress", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 20 March 2010
  104. 1 2 "Gueorgui Pinkhassov", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 20 March 2010
  105. 1 2 "Mark Power", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 20 March 2010
  106. ↑ "Miguel Rio Branco", Magnum Photos. 16 January 2009.
  107. ↑ Lafont, Isabel (3 March 2008). "Reportaje – La dolorosa belleza del mal". El Pais.
  108. ↑ "Moises Saman: Spanish, American. b. 1974: Biography". Magnum Photos. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  109. ↑ "Magnum Photos Photographer Portfolio". pro.magnumphotos.com. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  110. ↑ "Ferdinando Scianna", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  111. ↑ Magnum Photos Announces 3 Nominees Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine , PDN Online. July 2012.
  112. ↑ "Marilyn Silverstone", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  113. ↑ Shadow and Substance (McGraw-Hill, 1989), p. 397: "'I think it will be more interesting, and more profitable – with more work used, and uniquely used.' That was the positive view. The negative aspect is found in a draft for a letter to Magnum in which Gene tried to respond to a recent decision by Magnum's members to censure him: 'I stand thoroughly censured, I'm broke, desperate, tired – however, the censure is right, I am guilty. I trust that the photographers of Magnum are willing to stand on their public records. I trust that the photographers of Magnum are willing that I publicly evaluate them accordingly as they have achieved. I am not interested in their excuses accordingly to their private confessions. Their blames, including Smith, will not be of my concern.'"
  114. ↑ Shadow and Substance, p. 398.
  115. ↑ "Alec Soth", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  116. ↑ Miller, Magnum, p,268.
  117. ↑ "Dennis Stock", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  118. 1 2 "Burk Uzzle: Photographer – Featured Photos". burkuzzle.com.
  119. ↑ Miller, Magnum, pp. 49–51.
  120. ↑ Miller, Magnum, pp. 66–67.
  121. ↑ Diane Smyth, "John Vink leaves Magnum due to post-investment contract", British Journal of Photography, 15 June 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
  122. ↑ "John Vink", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  123. ↑ "Donovan Wylie", Magnum Photos. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  124. ↑ "Shooting stars of Magnum light up one another". Tim Adams, The Guardian, 18 November 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2017
  125. ↑ "Magnum Photos". pro.magnumphotos.com. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  126. ↑ "BNP Paribas presents 'Women changing India' exhibition to celebrate its 150 years in India". BNP Paribas. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  127. ↑ "Streetwise: Capturing iconic moments of daily life". BBC News. 21 October 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  128. ↑ "Magnum's new book celebrates the masters of street photography". Creative Review. 8 October 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2020.

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