Mallada basalis

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Mallada basalis
Mallada basalis (Walker, 1853) (AM AMNZ135324-2).jpg
Mallada basalis from New Zealand
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Neuroptera
Family: Chrysopidae
Genus: Mallada
Species:
M. basalis
Binomial name
Mallada basalis
Walker, 1853
Synonyms

Mallada basalis is a species of green lacewing in the family Chrysopidae, [12] first described by Francis Walker in 1853. [11] No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life. [13] The species was detected on mainland New Zealand in the 2010s.

Contents

Description and ecology

Mallada basalis in Auckland (2020). Mallada basalis 65864668.jpg
Mallada basalis in Auckland (2020).

Mallada basalis has a length of 10–15 mm, and typically has a pale green colour. [12] Its translucent, veined wings are iridescent in natural sunlight. [12] Specimens can be identified by a green pterostigma present in the hind wings that is not present in Chrysopidae of a similar appearance. [12]

Distribution and habitat

Mallada basalis has been identified on the Eastern states of Australia, the Philippines, Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, Micronesia and Polynesia (including an outlier population on Easter Island). [12] Mallada basalis has been seen living in both suburban and native flora environments. [12]

The first confirmed sighting of Mallada basalis in New Zealand was in 1940 on the Kermadec Islands, though evidence of the species may go back as far as 1908. [14] In 2010, a specimen was identified on Tiritiri Matangi Island in the Hauraki Gulf, and the first specimen in Auckland was identified in 2016. [12] By 2020, Mallada basalis was present across the Auckland and Northland Regions. [12] As of 2020, it is unclear if this species self-introduced to New Zealand, or if it was introduced due to human activity. [12] The impact of this species on New Zealand is currently unknown. No native Chrysopidae species have been previously described from mainland New Zealand; their presence may control agricultural pests such as aphids and mealybugs, or pose a risk to native insect life. [12] Many lacewing species were imported to New Zealand between the 1920s and 1970s, however none successfully established populations in the country. [15]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuroptera</span> Order of insects

The insect order Neuroptera, or net-winged insects, includes the lacewings, mantisflies, antlions, and their relatives. The order consists of some 6,000 species. Neuroptera is grouped together with the Megaloptera and Raphidioptera (snakeflies) in the unranked taxon Neuropterida.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chrysopidae</span> Family of insects

Green lacewings are insects in the large family Chrysopidae of the order Neuroptera. There are about 85 genera and 1,300–2,000 species in this widespread group. Members of the genera Chrysopa and Chrysoperla are very common in North America and Europe; they are very similar and many of their species have been moved from one genus to the other time and again, and in the nonscientific literature assignment to Chrysopa and Chrysoperla can rarely be relied upon. Since they are the most familiar neuropterans to many people, they are often simply called "lacewings". Since most of the diversity of Neuroptera are properly referred to as some sort of "lacewing", common lacewings is preferable.

<i>Chrysoperla</i> Genus of insects

Chrysoperla is a genus of common green lacewings in the neuropteran family Chrysopidae. Therein they belong to the Chrysopini, the largest tribe of subfamily Chrysopinae. Their larvae are predatory and feed on aphids, and members of this genus have been used in biological pest control.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chrysopinae</span> Subfamily of lacewings

Chrysopinae is the nominate subfamily of green lacewings in the insect family Chrysopidae in the order Neuroptera. This subfamily is also the largest within the family and comprises about 60 genera.

<i>Chrysopa</i>

Chrysopa is a genus of green lacewings in the neuropteran family Chrysopidae.

<i>Chrysoperla carnea</i> Species of insect

Chrysoperla carnea, one of the species of common green lacewing, is an insect in the Chrysopidae family. Although the adults feed on nectar, pollen and aphid honeydew, the larvae are active predators and feed on aphids and other small insects. It has been used in the biological control of insect pests on crops.

<i>Semachrysa</i> Genus of lacewings

Semachrysa is a genus of green lacewing found from Japan to Australia along the Western part of the Pacific Ocean. 20 Semachrysa species have been described between 1914 and 2012. 15 of them - one of which was new - have been included in a recent taxonomic study:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chrysopini</span> Tribe of lacewings

Chrysopini is a tribe of green lacewings in the family Chrysopidae. There are about 32 genera and 926 described species in Chrysopini.

<i>Micromus tasmaniae</i> Species of insect

Micromus tasmaniae, known as the Tasmanian brown lacewing, is a species of brown lacewing in the family Hemerobiidae. It is widespread in Australia, New Zealand, and Pacific Islands such as New Caledonia and Vanuatu.

<i>Sympherobius barberi</i> Species of lacewing

Sympherobius barberi, or Barber's brown lacewing, is a species of brown lacewing in the family Hemerobiidae. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia, Central America, North America, Oceania, and South America. The species was introduced to New Zealand to prey on aphids and mealybugs, first noted in 1936, however was not able to be established.

<i>Chrysopa oculata</i> Species of lacewing

Chrysopa oculata is a species of green lacewing in the family Chrysopidae. It is found in North America and Central America. This species was imported to New Zealand in 1926, as a way to control aphid populations, however did not establish in the country.

<i>Cryptoscenea australiensis</i> Species of insect

Cryptoscenea australiensis is a species of lacewing in the subfamily aleuropteryginae, first described by Günther Enderlein in 1906. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life. The species is present in Eastern Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand, including the Kermadec Islands.

<i>Drepanacra binocula</i> Species of insect

Drepanacra binocula, known as the Australian variable lacewing, is a species of brown lacewing in the family Hemerobiidae, found across Australia and New Zealand, including Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and the Kermadec Islands.

<i>Micromus bifasciatus</i> Species of insect

Micromus bifasciatus, is a species of Australasian brown lacewing in the family Hemerobiidae that was first described by Robert John Tillyard in 1923.

<i>Protobiella</i> Species of insect

Protobiella zelandica is a species of New Zealand beaded lacewing in the family Berothidae that was first described by Robert John Tillyard in 1923. It is the sole known species in the genus Protobiella, and the only berothid endemic to New Zealand. No subspecies are noted in the Catalogue of Life.

<i>Euosmylus</i> Genus of insect

Euosmylus stellae is an endemic species of New Zealand lacewing that was first described by Robert McLachlan in 1899. It is the only species in the genus Euosmylus. The species ranges from the North Island Volcanic Plateau to the middle of the South Island, including Arthur's Pass and the Ashley Gorge. It was named in honour of George Hudson's daughter Stella.

<i>Heteroconis ornata</i> Species of insect

Heteroconis ornata is a species of Australian lacewing that was first described by Günther Enderlein in 1905. The species is found in Queensland and New South Wales. The species was first recorded in New Zealand in 1988, and by the late 1980s a small colony was found to be established in West Auckland.

<i>Mallada</i> Genus of insects

Mallada is a genus of lacewings belonging to the family Chrysopidae. The species of this genus are found in Africa, Southeastern Asia and Australia. The genus was first described by Longinos Navas in 1925, and by monotypy the type species is Mallada stigmatus.

<i>Mallada signatus</i> Species of lacewing insect

Mallada signatus, commonly known as the green lacewing is a species of insect described by Wilhelm Gottlieb Schneider in 1851.

References

  1. ↑ Nakahara, W. (1955) "New Chrysopidae from Formosa." Kontyû23:143–147.
  2. ↑ Navás, L. (1935) "Neurópteros exóticos." 2.a serie., Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona (3)25:37-–59.
  3. 1 2 Navás, L. (1927) "Insecta orientalia." V Series., Memorie dell'Accademia Pontifica dei Nuovi Lincei, Rome (2)10:11–26.
  4. ↑ Navás, L. (1924) "Comunicaciones entomológicas. 7. Neurópteros del Museo de Berlín.", Revista de la [Real] Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisico-Quimicas y Naturales de Zaragoza (1)9:20–34.
  5. ↑ Esben-Petersen, P. (1921–1940) "More Neuroptera from Juan Fernandez and Easter Island." Pp. 309–313 in The Natural History of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, C. Skottsberg, ed. Vol. 3. Almqvist and Wiksells, Uppsala.
  6. ↑ Banks, N. (1913) "On a collection of neuropteroid insects from the Philippine Islands"., Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington15:170–180.
  7. ↑ Esben-Petersen, P. (1913) "H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute. Planipennia II, Megaloptera and Mecoptera", Entomologische Mitteilungen2:222–228, 257–265.
  8. 1 2 Banks, N. (1910) "Some Neuroptera from Australia.", Psyche17:99–105.
  9. ↑ Navás, L. (1910) "Névroptères nouveaux de l'Orient.", Revue Russe d'Entomologie [=Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie] 10:190–194.
  10. ↑ McLachlan, R. (1883) "Neuroptera of the Hawaiian Islands – Part II. Planipennia, with general summary.", Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5)12:298–303.
  11. 1 2 Walker, F. (1853) List of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II.—(Sialides–Nemopterides). British Museum, London.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Early, John W. (2019). "Establishment of the green lacewing Mallada basalis (Walker, 1853) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on mainland New Zealand". Records of the Auckland Museum . 54: 81–86. doi: 10.32912/ram.2019.54.5 .
  13. ↑ Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 11 January 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ↑ Keith Arthur John Wise (1972). "Neuroptera of the Kermadec Islands". Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum . 9: 269–272. ISSN   0067-0464. JSTOR   42906185. Wikidata   Q58676929.
  15. ↑ Wise, K. A. J. (1995). "Records Concerning Biological Control of Insect Pests by Neuropteroidea (Insecta) in New Zealand". Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum . 32: 101–117. ISSN   0067-0464. JSTOR   42906455. Wikidata   Q58677493.
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