Manchester (UK Parliament constituency)

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Manchester
Former Borough constituency
for the House of Commons
County Lancashire
(now Greater Manchester)
Major settlements Manchester
1832–1885
Number of members1832–1868: Two
1868–1885: Three
Replaced by Manchester East
Manchester North
Manchester North East
Manchester North West
Manchester South
Manchester South West
Created from Lancashire
1654–1660
Type of constituency Borough constituency

Manchester was a Parliamentary borough constituency in the county of Lancashire which was represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Its territory consisted of the city of Manchester.

Contents

History

Manchester had first been represented in Parliament in 1654, when it was granted one seat in the First Protectorate Parliament. However, as with other boroughs enfranchised during the Commonwealth, it was disenfranchised at the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660.

The subsequent growth of Manchester into a major industrial city left its lack of representation a major anomaly, and demands for a seat in Parliament led to a mass public meeting in August 1819. This peaceful rally of 60,000 pro-democracy reformers, men, women and children, was attacked by armed cavalry resulting in 15 deaths and over 600 injuries, [1] and became known as the Peterloo Massacre.

Reform was attempted unsuccessfully by Lord John Russell, whose bills in 1828 and 1830 were rejected by the Commons. The city was finally enfranchised by the Reform Act of 1832, and at the 1832 general election, Manchester returned two Members of Parliament (MPs). The Reform Act 1867 increased this in 1868 to three Members of Parliament.

Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, the constituency was abolished with effect from the 1885 general election, when the city was split into six new single-member divisions: East, North, North East, North West, South, and South West.

Members of Parliament

MPs 1654–1660

Election1st Member
1654 Charles Worsley
1656 Richard Radcliffe

MPs 1832–1885

Election1st Member [2] 1st Party [3] 2nd Member2nd Party3rd Member3rd Party
1832 Mark Philips Whig [4] [5] [6] Charles Poulett-Thomson Whig [4] [5] [6] 2 seats until 1868
3 seats from 1868 to 1885
1839 by-election Robert Hyde Greg Whig [4] [7] [8]
1841 Thomas Milner Gibson Radical [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]
1847 John Bright Radical
1857 John Potter Whig [14] [15] James Aspinall Turner Whig [14] [15]
1858 by-election Thomas Bazley Whig [16]
1859 Liberal Liberal
1865 Edward James Liberal
1867 by-election Jacob Bright Liberal
1868 Hugh Birley Conservative
1874 William Romaine Callender Conservative
1876 by-election Jacob Bright Liberal
1880 John Slagg Liberal
1883 by-election William Houldsworth Conservative
1885 Constituency abolished (1885)

Elections

Elections in the 1880s

By-election, 6 Oct 1883: Manchester [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative William Houldsworth 18,188 74.5 +29.4
Liberal Richard Pankhurst 6,21625.5−29.4
Majority11,97249.0N/A
Turnout 24,40446.2−27.8 (est)
Registered electors 52,831
Conservative hold Swing +29.4
General election 1880: Manchester (3 seats) [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal John Slagg 24,959 27.5 +2.6
Liberal Jacob Bright 24,789 27.4 +3.3
Conservative Hugh Birley 20,594 22.7 −3.0
Conservative William Houldsworth 20,26822.4−2.9
Majority4,1954.7
Turnout 45,305 (est)74.0 (est)+9.5
Registered electors 61,234
Liberal hold Swing
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1870s

By-election, 19 Feb 1876: Manchester [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Jacob Bright 22,770 52.0 +3.0
Conservative Francis Powell [18] 20,98548.0−3.0
Majority1,7854.0N/A
Turnout 43,75570.5+6.0
Registered electors 62,074
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +3.0
General election 1874: Manchester (3 seats) [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Hugh Birley 19,984 25.7 +4.1
Conservative William Romaine Callender 19,649 25.3 +7.6
Liberal Thomas Bazley 19,325 24.9 +3.3
Liberal Jacob Bright 18,72724.1+5.8
Majority3240.4−1.4
Turnout 38,843 (est)64.5 (est)+5.2
Registered electors 60,222
Conservative hold Swing −0.2
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +1.5
Liberal hold Swing −1.3

Elections in the 1860s

General election 1868: Manchester (3 seats) [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Hugh Birley 15,486 21.6 N/A
Liberal Thomas Bazley 14,192 19.8 −12.6
Liberal Jacob Bright 13,154 18.3 −4.5
Conservative Joseph Hoare 12,68417.7N/A
Liberal Ernest Charles Jones10,66214.9N/A
Liberal Mitchell Henry5,2367.3N/A
Turnout 28,620 (est)59.3 (est)+2.6
Registered electors 48,256
Majority1,2941.8N/A
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing N/A
Majority8301.2−3.5
Liberal hold Swing N/A
Liberal win (new seat)
By-election, 27 November 1867: Manchester [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Jacob Bright 8,160 53.6 +30.8
Conservative John Marsland Bennett [19] 6,42042.2New
Liberal Mitchell Henry [20] 6434.2N/A
Majority1,74011.4+6.7
Turnout 15,22370.7+14.0
Registered electors 21,542
Liberal hold Swing N/A
General election 1865: Manchester (2 seats) [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Thomas Bazley 7,909 32.4 +2.8
Liberal Edward James 6,698 27.4 N/A
Liberal Jacob Bright 5,56222.8N/A
Liberal Abel Heywood 4,24217.4−4.0
Majority1,1364.6−2.7
Turnout 12,206 (est)56.7 (est)−12.8
Registered electors 21,542
Liberal hold Swing N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1850s

General election 1859: Manchester (2 seats) [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Thomas Bazley 7,545 29.6 −1.1
Liberal James Aspinall Turner 7,300 28.6 −0.2
Liberal Abel Heywood 5,44821.4N/A
Conservative Joseph Denman [22] [23] 5,20120.4New
Majority1,8527.2−1.1
Turnout 12,747 (est)69.5 (est)−6.1
Registered electors 18,334
Liberal hold Swing N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A
By-election, 17 November 1858: Manchester [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Thomas Bazley Unopposed
Whig hold
General election 1857: Manchester (2 seats) [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig John Potter 8,368 30.7
Whig James Aspinall Turner 7,854 28.8
Radical Thomas Milner Gibson 5,58820.5−8.9
Radical John Bright 5,45820.0−8.0
Majority2,2668.3N/A
Turnout 13,634 (est)75.6 (est)+5.3
Registered electors 18,044
Whig gain from Radical Swing N/A
Whig hold Swing N/A
General election 1852: Manchester (2 seats) [17] [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Thomas Milner Gibson 5,762 29.4 New
Radical John Bright 5,475 28.0 N/A
Conservative George Loch 4,36422.3New
Conservative Joseph Denman 3,96920.3New
Majority1,1115.7N/A
Turnout 9,785 (est)70.3 (est)N/A
Registered electors 13,921
Radical hold Swing N/A
Radical hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1840s

General election 1847: Manchester (2 seats) [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Radical John Bright Unopposed
Radical Thomas Milner Gibson Unopposed
Registered electors 12,841
Radical hold
Radical gain from Whig
By-election, 13 July 1846: Manchester [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Radical Thomas Milner Gibson Unopposed
Radical hold
General election 1841: Manchester (2 seats) [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Mark Philips 3,695 28.3 −49.3
Radical Thomas Milner Gibson 3,575 27.3 N/A
Conservative George Murray 3,11523.8+12.6
Conservative William Entwisle 2,69220.6+9.4
Turnout 6,539 (est)60.4 (est)c. +5.5
Registered electors 10,818
Majority1201.0−13.4
Whig hold Swing −31.0
Majority4603.5N/A
Radical gain from Whig Swing N/A

Elections in the 1830s

By-election, 7 September 1839: Manchester [17] [4]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Robert Hyde Greg 3,096 50.5 −27.1
Conservative George Murray 2,96948.4+26.0
Radical Thomas Perronet Thompson 631.0New
Majority1272.1−12.3
Turnout 6,12854.8−0.1
Registered electors 11,185
Whig hold Swing −26.6
General election 1837: Manchester (2 seats) [17] [4]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Charles Poulett-Thomson 4,158 40.8 +6.0
Whig Mark Philips 3,750 36.8 +4.0
Conservative William Ewart Gladstone 2,28122.4−3.9
Majority1,46914.4+7.9
Turnout 6,14654.9−11.5
Registered electors 11,185
Whig hold Swing +4.0
Whig hold Swing +3.0
By-election, 30 April 1835: Manchester [17] [4]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Charles Poulett-Thomson 3,183 63.4 −4.2
Conservative Benjamin Braidley1,83736.6+10.3
Majority1,34626.8+20.3
Turnout 5,02059.5−6.9
Registered electors 8,432
Whig hold Swing −4.7
General election 1835: Manchester (2 seats) [17] [4]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Whig Charles Poulett-Thomson 3,355 34.8 +13.5
Whig Mark Philips 3,163 32.8 +2.6
Conservative Benjamin Braidley2,53526.3+10.2
Radical Charles Wolseley 5836.1−7.4
Majority6286.5+4.1
Turnout 5,59566.4−11.9
Registered electors 8,432
Whig hold Swing +8.6
Whig hold Swing +3.2
General election 1832: Manchester (2 seats) [17] [4]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Whig Mark Philips 2,923 30.2
Whig Charles Poulett-Thomson 2,068 21.3
Whig Samuel Jones-Loyd 1,83218.9
Tory John Thomas Hope1,56016.1
Radical William Cobbett 1,30513.5
Majority2362.4
Turnout 5,26778.3
Registered electors 6,726
Whig win (new seat)
Whig win (new seat)

Sources

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References

  1. ↑ Ward, David (27 December 2007). "New plaque tells truth of Peterloo killings 188 years on". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media Ltd. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  2. ↑ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "L" (part 1)
  3. ↑ Craig, F. W. S. (1989) [1977]. British parliamentary election results 1832–1885 (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 206. ISBN   978-0-900178-26-9.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844–1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp.  184–185. ISBN   978-0-900178-13-9.
  5. 1 2 Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. pp. 182, 221 – via Google Books.
  6. 1 2 Mosse, Richard Bartholomew (1838). The Parliamentary Guide: a concise history of the Members of both Houses, etc. pp. 205, 223 – via Google Books.
  7. ↑ "Sherborne Mercury" . 9 September 1839. p. 1 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  8. ↑ "Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard" . 7 September 1839. pp. 2–3 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  9. ↑ Hawkins, Angus (2015). "'Parliamentary Government' and its Critics". Victorian Political Culture: 'Habits of Heart and Mind'. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 130. ISBN   9780198728481.
  10. ↑ "The Milner-Gibsons". The Milner-Gibsons (1806-1986). 3 August 2013.
  11. ↑ Jenkins, Terry. "Parties, Politics and Society in Mid-Victorian Britain" (PDF). St Ambrose College. p. 2. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  12. ↑ Hawkins, Angus (Winter 2009–10). "Celebrating 1859: Party, Patriotism and Liberal Values" (PDF). Journal of Liberal History. 65: 11.
  13. ↑ Douglas, David C., ed. (2006). English Historical Documents. New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library. p. 26. ISBN   978-0-203-19907-7.
  14. 1 2 Silver, Arthur (1966). Manchester Men & Indian Cotton 1847-72. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 17.
  15. 1 2 Trevelyan, George Macaulay (1913). The Life of John Bright. London: Constable and Company. p. 259.
  16. ↑ Taylor, Antony (1997). "'The Best Way to Get What He Wanted': Ernest Jones and the Boundaries of Liberalism in the Manchester Election of 1868". Parliamentary History. 16 (2): 185–204. doi:10.1111/j.1750-0206.1997.tb00225.x.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885(e-book)|format= requires |url= (help) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. pp. 206–207. ISBN   978-1-349-02349-3.
  18. ↑ "Borough of Manchester Election, 1876" . Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser . 12 February 1876. p. 1 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  19. ↑ "Manchester" . Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer . 15 November 1867. p. 4 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  20. ↑ "Representation of Manchester - Candidature of Mr Mitchell Henry" . Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser . Manchester. 26 November 1867. p. 1 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  21. ↑ "Manchester" . Westmorland Gazette. Cumbria. 16 November 1867. p. 5 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  22. ↑ "Manchester" . Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 30 April 1859. pp. 6–7 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  23. ↑ "Manchester" . Wolverhampton Chronicle and Staffordshire Advertiser. 4 May 1859. p. 7 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  24. ↑ "Stonehaven Journal" . 20 July 1852. p. 2 – via British Newspaper Archive.
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