| Mangifera caloneura | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Anacardiaceae |
| Genus: | Mangifera |
| Species: | M. caloneura |
| Binomial name | |
| Mangifera caloneura Kurz | |
 | |
| Mangifera caloneura distribution | |
Mangifera caloneura (also known as poh [2] in Javanese or Ma muang paa [3] in Thai) is a fruit bearing tree in the family Anacardiaceae. It is native to Mainland Southeast Asia.
The tree has been observed growing up to 40 meters (130 ft) tall, however, a height of roughly 20 meters (66 ft) is much more common. [4] It excretes a resin upon injury that sets into a black colour. [3] The diameter of the tree's trunk varies but is typically around 60 centimetres (24 in), although it has been seen at sizes of over 1.2 metres (3 ft 11 in). It has fissured bark of a colour that varies between black, grey and brown. [5]
Its leaves are glabrous and take on an oblong to lanceolate-oblong shape. Like other Mangifera species, their texture has been described as chartaceous to subcoriaceous. The petioles are typically 2 to 7 centimetres (0.79 to 2.76 in) long. Leaf sizes vary, roughly, between a width of 3 centimetres (1.2 in) and 9 centimetres (3.5 in), as well as a length of 10 centimetres (3.9 in) to 22 centimetres (8.7 in). [3]
The fruit are small compared to other species in the genus, such as Mangifera indica , however, they are similarly shaped. The fruit are 3 to 5 centimetres (1.2 to 2.0 in) in size and the seed's endosperm is ruminate. [6] When ripe, the fruit has greenish-yellow to orange skin and the flesh is white. [3] When fully developed, the fruit are roughly 40 grams (1.4 oz). [4]
Its flowers are small, typically measuring around 0.6 to 0.8 centimetres (0.24 to 0.31 in). There are 5 stamens on each flower. [4] [3] The flowers have 4 to 5 petals, each is typically 0.5 centimetres (0.20 in) long. The petals are white with a longitudinal yellow colouration. The flowers' stalks are very short. [6]
The species is native to Mainland Southeast Asia. Specifically, it is native to Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Myanmar. [7] It occurs within monsoonal deciduous forests, savannas [a] and lowland tropical rainforests [4]
The young leaves of the tree can be eaten uncooked, they have been described as sour tasting. The fruit itself is also eaten, the taste has been described as sweetly acidic. [3]
There has been research into potential pharmacological applications of the leaf extract of Mangifera caloneura due to its antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. A 2015 study was conducted on rats that had been artificially induced with diabetes following a controlled application of streptozotocin. These rats were then given a dosage of the leaf extract at a concentration of 250 mg/kg for 6 weeks. When comparing with the control it was shown that the blood-glucose levels of the rats had significantly decreased to the point where the leaf extract may be viable as a potential diabetes medication. [8]
A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica. It originated from the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. M. indica has been cultivated in South and Southeast Asia since ancient times resulting in two types of modern mango cultivars: the "Indian type" and the "Southeast Asian type". Other species in the genus Mangifera also produce edible fruits that are also called "mangoes", the majority of which are found in the Malesian ecoregion.
Mangifera is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. It contains 64 species, with the best-known being the common mango. The center of diversity of the genus is in the Malesian ecoregion of Southeast Asia, particularly in Sumatra, Borneo, and the Malay Peninsula. They are generally canopy trees in lowland rainforests, reaching a height of 30–40 m (98–131 ft).
Tamarind is a leguminous tree bearing edible fruit that is indigenous to tropical Africa and naturalized in Asia. The genus Tamarindus is monotypic, meaning that it contains only this species. It belongs to the family Fabaceae.
Acronychia acidula, commonly known as lemon aspen or lemon wood, is a species of small to medium-sized rainforest tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has simple, elliptical leaves, small groups of flowers in leaf axils and more or less spherical fruit. The aromatic and acidic fruit is harvested as a bushfood.
Albonectria rigidiuscula is a fungal plant pathogen. The anamorph of A. rigidiuscula the fungus Fusarium decemcellulare is associated with inflorescence wilt and vascular necrosis in fruit tree crops such as Mango, Longan and Rambutan. F. decemcellulare causes a disease known as cushion gall in Theobroma cacao and other tropical trees.
Oidium mangiferae is a plant pathogen that infects mango trees causing powdery mildew. Powdery mildew of mango is an Ascomycete pathogen of the Erysiphales family that was initially described by Berthet in 1914, using samples collected from Brazil. O. mangiferae is found in all areas where mangoes have been raised long term, but is particularly widespread in India where both the host and the pathogen are native. Currently no teleomorph stage has been identified, but due to certain morphological characteristics it has been suggested that O. mangiferae belongs in the Erysiphe polygony group. Mango is the only known host for this pathogen, though O. mangiferae appears to be identical to fungi responsible for powdery mildew diseases on various other plant species, particularly oak, though some differences may be observed. In particular, the number of cells in conidiophores varies from 2 on mango to 3-5 on oak. O. mangiferae has been known to infect oak leaves in the laboratory, however due to the lack of a known teleomorph stage O. mangiferae is still considered to only be a pathogen of mango. Recent analysis of its ribosomal DNA suggests it is conspecific with Erysiphe alphitoides, the causative agent of powdery mildew in European oaks.
Mangifera odorata, commonly known as kwini, huani, or Saipan mango, is a species of plant with edible fruit in the family Anacardiaceae. It is similar to the related mango but is characterized by a strong turpentine-like smell on the skin and fibrous flesh. It is native to tropical Southeast Asia, but its exact original native range is unknown because it is only known from cultivated specimens and is believed to be a hybrid of Mangifera indica and Mangifera foetida. It is grown throughout Southeast Asia, from peninsular Thailand, to Malaysia, Indonesia and the southern Philippines. It has also been occasionally cultivated in southern Vietnam and the Marianas Islands.
Mangifera zeylanica or "Sri Lanka wild mango" is a wild species of mango tree endemic to Sri Lanka. This stately tree is the tallest member of the mango genus, Mangifera, and one of the two tallest trees in the family Anacardiaceae. The mango fruits are edible and have an excellent taste. It is called "aetamba" (ඇටඹ) or "wal amba" in Sinhala and “kaddu-ma” in Tamil. The well-known British botanist and explorer Joseph Dalton Hooker first described the tree in 1876.
Mangifera indica, commonly known as mango, is an evergreen species of flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is a large fruit tree, capable of growing to a height and width of 30 m (100 ft). There are two distinct genetic populations in modern mangoes – the "Indian type" and the "Southeast Asian type".
The 'Osteen' mango is a commercial mango cultivar that originated in Merritt Island, Florida.
Malgova' or Malgoa is an important mango cultivar mainly grown in Tamilnadu, Kerala and Karnataka and also in other parts of South India. It is a large round fruit, it has a small hard seed inside and is very juicy and fragrant. It is generally considered to be one of the best mangoes. Its production area is centred on the districts of Salem, Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, as well as neighbouring parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
Ichnocarpus frutescens is a species of flowering plant in the dogbane family Apocynaceae, known by the English common name black creeper. It is native to much of China, India, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia.
The 'Young' mango, also known as the 'Tebow', is a mango cultivar that originated in south Florida.
The 'Zill' mango is a named mango cultivar that originated in south Florida.
Pluchea indica is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, Asteraceae. Its common names include Indian camphorweed, Indian fleabane, and Indian pluchea. It is native to parts of Asia and Australia, and it is widespread in the Pacific Islands as an introduced and often invasive species.
Mangifera decandra is a species of mango trees in the genus Mangifera. It was described by Ding Hou in 1972.
Dangyuja is a Korean citrus fruit that is a specialty of Jeju Island. In Jeju language, it is called daengyuji. Dangyuja has a similar shape and flavour to yuzu, but is genealogically a variety of pomelo.
Morus indica is a species of flowering plant in the mulberry family Moraceae. As with other mulberries, it is a deciduous tree. Morus indica is native to the temperate and sub-tropical Himalayan region and is currently cultivated in India, China, Japan, and East Africa.
Deporaus marginatus, commonly known as the mango leaf-cutting weevil, is a species of leaf weevil in the beetle family Attelabidae. It is a light tan colour with black elytra, and is found in tropical Asia where it is a pest of mango.
Mangifera applanata is a species of fruit bearing tree that is part of the family Anacardiaceae.
