| Membras | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Membras martinica | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Atheriniformes |
| Family: | Atherinopsidae |
| Subfamily: | Menidiinae |
| Tribe: | Membranini |
| Genus: | Membras Bonaparte, 1836 |
| Type species | |
| Atherina martinica Valenciennes, 1835 [1] | |
Membras is a genus of fish, Neotropical silversides, from freshwater, brackish water and marine habitats along coastal parts of the Americas.
There are currently six recognized species in this genus: [2]
The Old World silversides are a family, Atherinidae, of fish in the order Atheriniformes. They occur worldwide in tropical and temperate waters. About two-thirds of the species are marine, and the remainder live in fresh water. The 74 species are in 13 genera. The genus Craterocephalus is the most diverse with 25 species. Four genera are monotypic.
Menidia is a genus of Neotropical silversides native to freshwater, brackish and marine habitats along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of North America, ranging from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in Canada to the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. The species M. clarkhubbsi, an all-female species, reproduces asexually.
Atherinomorus is a genus of silversides in the family Atherinidae.
Chirostoma is a genus of Neotropical silversides from the Lerma River basin in Mexico, including lakes Chapala and Pátzcuaro. Fish in the genus collectively go by the common name charal/charales in their native range. They are heavily fished, but several of the species have become threatened due to habitat loss, introduced species and overfishing. Three species are considered extinct: C. bartoni, C. charari (1957) and C. compressum (1900). Four others have not been recorded recently and may also be extinct.
Craterocephalus is a genus of small and slender brackish or freshwater silversides from Australia and New Guinea. It is the most diverse genus in the family Atherinidae, containing 25 of the 71 species.
Poblana is a genus of Neotropical silversides that are endemic to Mexico, with each of the four threatened species restricted to a single Oriental Basin maar lake. They are small fish that do not surpass 8 cm (3 in) in standard length.
The Celebes rainbowfish is a species of sailfin silverside endemic to Sulawesi in Indonesia. It is the only known member of its genus.
Teramulus is a genus of fresh and brackish water silversides endemic to Madagascar.
Odontesthes is a genus of Neotropical silversides. They are found in fresh, brackish and salt water habitats in the southern half of South America, as well as the offshore Juan Fernández and Falkland Islands. Additionally, O. bonariensis has been introduced to other continents.
Atherion is a small genus of silversides, known as the pricklenose silversides. It is the only genus in the family Atherionidae. Other authorities classify this as a monogeneric subfamily, Atherioninae, of the Atherinidae, while others include it within the subfamily Atherinomorinae. They have an Indo-Pacific distribution.
Hypoatherina is a genus of silversides in the family Atherinidae.
Atherinella is a genus of Neotropical silversides from freshwater, brackish and marine habitats in Mexico, Central America and South America.
Atherinopsis californiensis, the jack silverside or jacksmelt, is a species of neotropical silverside native to the Pacific coast of North America from Oregon, United States to southern Baja California, Mexico. This species grows to 45 cm (18 in) in total length and is important commercially as a source of human food. It is the only known member of its genus. The adults occur in inshore areas, such as bays. They form schools. This species is a demersal spawners in inshore habitats, it is oviparous and the larvae are planktonic, living at the very surface of the water and feeding on phytoplankton. The eggs are attached to one another and to the substrate by adhesive filaments in the chorion.
Colpichthys is a genus of Neotropical silverside endemic to the Gulf of Mexico.
Melanorhinus is a genus of Neotropical silversides from the Caribbean Sea and Bahamas.
Iso is an Indo-Pacific genus of silversides, commonly called surf sardines, the only genus in the monogeneric family Isonidae, they were formerly classified in the family Notocheiridae alongside the surf silverside but they are now thought to be within the suborder Atherinoidei while the surf silverside is classified in the suborder Atherinopsoidei, along with the Neotropical silversides. It contains five species to date, the first of which was described in 1895.
Membras martinica, the rough silverside, is a species of Neotropical silverside from the family Atherinopsidae, it is the type species of the genus Membras.
The panatela silverside is a species of reef-dwelling silverside from the subfamily Atherinomorinae which is found in the southwest Pacific Ocean. This species grows to 11 cm (4.3 in) in total length and is of minor importance to commercial fisheries. This species is the only species in the genus Stenatherina, although some authorities place it in the genus Hypoatherina. This species was described by David Starr Jordan and Robert Earl Richardson as Atherina panatela with the type locality given as Calayan Island in the Philippines. The specific name is the Spanish word for a long, thin cigar and is presumed to be a reference to the elongated, slender body of this fish.
Menidiinae is a subfamily of the Neotropical silversides, part of the family Atherinopsidae. This subfamily is made up of two tribes, seven genera and around 80 species. They are primarily a tropical subfamily but there are some temperate species, this subfamily is found in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Atherinomorinae is a subfamily of silversides from the family, Atherinidae, the Old World silversides.
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