Light rail
The Twin Cities region has two active light rail lines, the Blue Line, and the Green Line, and an extension to the Green Line, the Southwest Corridor, is currently under construction. As of 2020, 64 light rail cars are in service and delivery of 27 additional cars is underway.
Type I LRVs
Metro Transit placed its order for light rail vehicles (LRVs) for the Blue Line with Bombardier in January 2001, originally for 18 cars, [1] but increased in stages to 24 cars by early 2003. [2] Bombardier constructed a full-scale, half-car mock-up of the Minneapolis version of its Flexity Swift design [3] and this was placed on temporary display on a section of completed track on 5th Street, starting on October 30, 2002, [1] to enable Metro Transit to give the city's residents a hands-on preview of the low-floor design several months before completion of the first actual rail cars. The articulated vehicles use a 70% low-floor design, are 94 ft (29 m) long and can carry 66 seated passengers and 180 standees. [4]
The first light rail vehicle for the Blue Line arrived in Minneapolis in March 2003, [5] and testing of it along the first completed section of the line was underway by June 2003. [6] The line opened on June 26, 2004, with 14 of the 24 Bombardier Flexity Swift LRVs accepted and available for service by then, [7] and all 24 had entered service by the end of the year. In January 2007, the Metropolitan Council announced that three additional vehicles would be purchased, for a total of 27 LRVs on the line. [8]
The Blue Line's Type I LRVs are numbered sequentially from 101 through 127. The Flexity Swift vehicle is an articulated design with three car-body sections, referred to as the A, B and C sections. The markings on the ends of LRVs indicate the vehicle number and section. For example, car 114 is marked 114A on one end and 114B on the other end. Vehicle numbers are also displayed (excluding the section letter) on the sides of the C section, on the doors of the operator cabs and on the roof of the vehicle. Both ends of the vehicle have operator cabs, allowing trains of any length to be operated normally in either direction without the need to turn the train around. The pantograph is located on the B section of the vehicle. Auxiliary power unit, traction inverter, traction motor are supplied by Toshiba. [9]
Type II LRVs
In 2010, the Metropolitan Council negotiated a contract with Siemens to build up to 109 S70/Avanto light rail vehicles, with the first vehicle arriving in September 2012. Most are intended for the Green Line (initially the Central Corridor route from Minneapolis to Saint Paul) which opened in 2014 and is to be expanded from Minneapolis to Eden Prairie along the Southwest Corridor, though the initial vehicles were used on the Blue Line as part of that route's three-car expansion project. The initial order was for 41 vehicles: 31 for the Green Line [10] and 10 to expand the fleet of the Blue Line, allowing that route to operate three-car trains more consistently. Options for additional vehicles were exercised about a year later as contingency funding from the Central Corridor project opened up. As of 2012, 59 vehicles were on order: 47 for the Green Line and 12 for the Blue. [11]
The initial order had a per-LRV cost of $3,297,714 and a total contract value of $153,211,516. [12] Following the option order, the contract grew to $213 million. The vehicles are being built at Siemens’ facility in Florin, California, near Sacramento. [13] The first vehicle, numbered 201, arrived in September 2012 and underwent some initial testing before being officially unveiled at an event at Target Field on October 10. The first two vehicles had an extended testing period, entering revenue service around the start of 2013. [11]
Forty options remained available, for potential use once the Green Line's southwest extension received funding. Five additional Siemens S70 cars were ordered in October 2015. [14] The first car of this small order arrived in September 2017 [15] and the last later in the fall of 2017, bringing the total number of type II LRVs to 64. [16]
The Blue Line's original first-generation fleet of 27 Bombardier Flexity Swift LRVs and the Siemens "type II" LRVs are mechanically, but not electronically, compatible, so while the two generations are able to run on the tracks at the same time and either type would be able to push a malfunctioning unit of the other type, multiple-unit consists may only be assembled of one type. [17]
The type II LRVs weigh 50 tons (100,000 lb or 45.4 t), which is about 6,000 lb (2,700 kg) lighter than the earlier Bombardier units. The cars have improved heating systems and better sound insulation to provide a quieter ride. They also feature LED lighting rather than the previous vehicles' fluorescent tubes. Rear-facing cameras connected to video screens in the operator cab replaced rear-view mirrors in the newer design. [18]
Type III LRVs
In 2016, Metro Transit placed an order for 27 more Siemens S70 [lower-alpha 1] LRVs for its planned Southwest Corridor expansion. [20] These used a modified center-truck design that allowed sideways-facing seating in the center section, [21] for better passenger flow. [19] In 2018, Siemens adopted a new model number, S700, for S70 LRVs that used the new center-section design, and in 2020 it retroactively applied the new designation to all previous S70 LRVs built to the new design; as a result, all of Metro Transit's type III LRVs (301–327) are now Siemens model S700. [19] [22] The first two S700 vehicles arrived in May 2020. [23]
Specifications
| Model | Type I LRVs LF-70 (Flexity Swift) | Type II LRVs S70 | Type III LRVs S700 [lower-alpha 1] (on order) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fleet numbers | 101–127 | 201–264 | 301–327 |
| Manufacturer | Bombardier | Siemens | |
| Build location | Thunder Bay, Ontario | Sacramento, California | |
| Length per car | 93 ft 11+15⁄16 in (28.65 m) | 94.3 ft (28,700 mm) | |
| Width | 8 ft 8+5⁄16 in (2.65 m) | ||
| Empty weight | 48.5 t (107,000 lb) | 46.7 t (103,000 lb) | 46.5 t (103,000 lb) |
| Body shell material | Aluminum alloy | Steel | |
| Line voltage | Overhead line , 750 V DC | ||
| Traction | Toshiba 2-level IGBT–VVVF 190 hp (140 kW) 3-phase AC induction motor (totally enclosed/outer-fan cooling) | Siemens 2-level IGBT–VVVF 170 hp (130 kW) 3-phase AC induction motor (totally enclosed/self-ventilating) | |
| Maximum speed | 55 mph (89 km/h) | 59 mph (95 km/h) | |
Notes
Operations
Since the completion of three-car station extensions in winter 2010, Metro Transit operates one-, two- and three- car trains on the Blue Line, depending on the time of day and ridership needs. Many stations on the line were initially built to be capable of serving only one- or two-car trains, as a cost-saving measure; all of the shorter platforms were designed and built with future extension in mind, and currently all stations are capable of serving three-car trains. The Green Line was built with three-car platforms at all stations.
The number of LRVs in the first-generation fleet limited three-car operations during peak rush hours, as 27 cars did not allow operation of high frequencies with longer trains. In spring and summer 2010, three-car trains were only used for special event service, such as Twins games, when lower off-peak frequencies allow operation of longer trains to meet demand. Metro Transit continued operating two-car trains during the morning and evening rush hours until September 2010, when they began operating some 3-car trains during rush hour. However, this required a reduction in frequency so trains would arrive every 10 minutes rather than every 7–8 minutes (though some 2-car service remains at the old frequency). [24] The arrival of Type II LRVs began to allow 3-car trains at high frequencies in 2013.
Maintenance facilities
The Blue Line's Operations and Maintenance Facility (OMF) is located between the Cedar-Riverside and Franklin Avenue stations. The facility was expanded in 2011–2012 to make room for the 12 additional type II LRVs and a Light Rail Support Facility to allow some maintenance not requiring direct access to vehicle chassis to be moved out of the OMF building. The Green Line's Operations and Maintenance Facility is located on the site of the former Diamond Products building in Saint Paul's Lowertown neighborhood, just east of the Union Depot station.
