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 Mexico |  Turkey |
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The nations of Mexico and Turkey established diplomatic relations in 1928. [1] Both nations are members of the G20, OECD and the United Nations.
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Mexico | Turkey |
|---|---|
The nations of Mexico and Turkey established diplomatic relations in 1928. [1] Both nations are members of the G20, OECD and the United Nations.
The first official contact between Mexico and the Ottoman Empire (present day Turkey) was 1864 when Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico sent out emissaries to several nations to seek official recognition of his rule in the country. [2] Diplomatic relations between the two nations were established in 1928 after the transformation of Turkey from the Ottoman Empire by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the modern Turkish republic in 1923; and after the end of the Mexican Revolution in 1920. That same year, both nations signed a 'Friendship Agreement'. [1] Almost immediately, both nations opened diplomatic legations in each other's capitals, respectively. [1]
Turkish ambassador to Mexico, Hasan Tahsin Mayatepek, laid the foundation for Mexican–Turkish relations during the 1930s, and had a great influence in the way Mexico, and its indigenous peoples like the Aztecs and Maya peoples are seen in Turkey. The Turkish Embassy in Mexico City opened in 1947. [3] In 1962, their respective diplomatic missions were upgraded to embassies. [1]
In June 1992, Mexican Foreign Secretary Fernando Solana paid an official visit to Turkey, becoming at the time the highest level government official to visit the country. While in Turkey, Secretary Solana and his counterpart, Foreign Minister Süleyman Demirel signed a few bilateral agreements. [1] In 1998, Prime Minister Mesut Yılmaz became the first Turkish head-of-state to pay an official visit to Mexico. [4] In 2009, then Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan paid a visit to Mexico and met with President Felipe Calderón. [5] In 2013, President Enrique Peña Nieto became the first Mexican head-of-state to pay a visit to Turkey. [6]
Both nations are considered as regional powers and are playing bigger roles in the international community. Both nations have supported each other diplomatically, particularly in the United Nations and Mexico has supported Turkey over the issue of the Syrian Civil War occurring on its border. In 2013, Mexico donated US$1 million to Turkey for the support of over one million Syrian refugees that are currently being housed in the country. [7]
In 2015, President Erdoğan returned to Mexico on a State visit. [8] In July 2018, both nations celebrated 90 years of diplomatic relations. [9]
In November 2022, Mexican Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard paid a visit to Turkey and met with his counterpart Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu. During the visit, both nations initiated discussions of a free trade agreement between them. [10]
High-level visits from Mexico to Turkey [1] [6] [10]
High-level visits from Turkey to Mexico [4] [5] [8] [11] [12]
Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements, such as a Friendship Agreement (1928); Agreements on Educational and Cultural Cooperation (1992); Agreement on Eliminating Visa requirements for Diplomatic Passport holders (1992); Agreement on Economic and Trade Cooperation (1998); Agreement of Cooperation in Combating against Illicit Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (2013); Agreement of Cooperation in Combating Organized Crime and Terrorism (2013) and an Agreement in Science and Technical Cooperation (2013); Agreement to Avoid Double Taxation and Prevent Tax Evasion in the Matter of Income Taxes (2013); Agreement on Air Transportation (2013); Agreement on Mutual Administrative Assistance and Exchange of Information on Customs Matters (2013); Memorandum of Understanding for the Establishment of a Mechanism of Consultation in Matters of Mutual Interest (2013); Agreement for the Reciprocal Protection of Investments (2013); Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in Science and Technology (2013) and a Memorandum of Understanding Cooperation in Export Credits between the National Exterior Commerce Bank (Bancomext) of Mexico and the Export Credit Bank of Turkey (Türk Eximbank) (2013). [13] [14]
There are direct flight between both nations with Turkish Airlines.
In 2023, trade between both nations amounted to US$1.9 billion. [15] Mexico's main exports to Turkey include: data processing machines, telephones and mobile phones, cotton, chemical based products, motor vehicles, scrap metal, gold, medical equipment, vegetables, and vegetable oil. Turkey's exports to Mexico include: parts and accessories for motor vehicles, motor vehicles, engines, iron and non-alloy steel, jewelry, clothing, chemical based products, seeds, fruits and nuts. [15]
Mexican multinational companies such as Cemex, Gruma and Zinc Nacional (among others) operate in Turkey. [16] Turkish multinational companies such as Mata Automotive, Orphan Holding, Tekno Kauch and Toto Max (among others) operate in Mexico. [16] [17]
| Official Name | United Mexican States | Republic or Turkey |
|---|---|---|
| Common Name |  Mexico |  Turkey |
| Population | 128,649,565 | 83,154,997 |
| Area | 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi) | 783,356 km2 (302,455 sq mi) |
| Population density | 61/km2 (158/sq mi) | 105/km2 (271.9/sq mi) |
| Capital | Mexico City | Ankara |
| Largest City | Mexico City—( Population 9,209,944 ) | Istanbul—( Population 15,907,951) |
| Government | Federal presidential constitutional republic | Unitary presidential constitutional republic |
| Legislature | Congress of the Union | Grand National Assembly of Turkey |
| Current Leader | President Andrés Manuel López Obrador President of the Senate Alejandro Armenta Mier | President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Vice President Cevdet Yilmaz |
| Official languages | Spanish (de facto) | Turkish |
| Main religions | 90.7% Christianity, 4.7% No religion, 4.6% Others | 89.5% Islam, 8.9% No religion, 1.6% Others |
| Ethnic groups | 56 Amerindian groups | 85% Turkish, 9% Kurdish, 6% Others |
| Human Development Index (HDI) | 0.779 (high) [21] — 74th | 0.820 (very high) [22] — 54th |
| Military | Mexican Armed Forces | Turkish Armed Forces |
| GDP (PPP) | $2.715 trillion ($21,362 per capita) | $2.464 trillion [23] ($29,326 per capita) |
The nations Mexico and Russia initially established diplomatic relations in 1890. In 1924, Mexico recognized and established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. In 1930, Mexico broke diplomatic relations with the USSR and granted asylum to Leon Trotsky. In 1943, Mexico and the USSR re-established diplomatic relations. After the dissolution of the union, Mexico once again established diplomatic relations with the current Russian Federation in 1992.
Denmark–Turkey relations are the current and historical relations between Denmark and Turkey. Denmark has an embassy in Ankara, and Turkey has an embassy in Copenhagen. Both countries are members of NATO and OSCE and COE. Diplomatic relations between Denmark and Turkey were put under pressure in 2014 because of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy and the Roj TV affair (Roj TV's broadcasting license was suspended by the Supreme Court in Denmark on February 27, 2014). Denmark is a member of the EU, Turkey is EU candidate.
Turkey and Ukraine have a long chronology of historical, geographic, and cultural contact. Diplomatic relations between both countries were established in early 1990s when Turkey became one of the first states in the world to announce officially about recognition of sovereign Ukraine. Turkey has an embassy in Kyiv and a consulate general in Odesa. Ukraine has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate general in Istanbul. Turkey is a full member of NATO and Ukraine is a candidate. Also both countries are BLACKSEAFOR and BSEC members.
The nations of Israel and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1952. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the United Nations and the World Trade Organization.
Relations between Serbia and the Turkey were first established in 1879, when Serbia was a principality. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC).
The nations of Mexico and Uruguay established diplomatic relations in 1831. Both nations are members of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Latin American Integration Association, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.
India and Mexico have had contact since the 1500s, but formal diplomatic relations were first established in 1950. Both nations are members of the G-20 major economies and the United Nations.
Diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the United Mexican States were established in 1972. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Forum of East Asia–Latin America Cooperation, G-20 major economies and the United Nations.
Lebanon–Turkey are the bilateral relations between Lebanon and Turkey. Lebanon has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate general in Istanbul. Turkey has an embassy in Beirut. The two nations are connected through history as Lebanon gained independence from the Ottoman Empire. Both countries are members of the Union for the Mediterranean and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Turkey has been a big provider of aid to Lebanon.
The nations of Indonesia and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1953. Both nations view their counterpart as strategic partners in each other's regions; Indonesia in Southeast Asia and Mexico in Latin America. Both nations are mutual members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation, Group of 15, G20, MIKTA, United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.
The nations of Mexico and Morocco established diplomatic relations in 1962. Both nations are members of the Group of 24 and the United Nations.
The nations of Mexico and Norway established diplomatic relations in 1906. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
The nations of Mexico and the Netherlands established diplomatic relations in 1827. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
The nations of Mexico and Saudi Arabia established diplomatic relations in 1952. Both nations are mutual members of the G-20 major economies and the United Nations.
The nations of Mexico and the United Arab Emirates established diplomatic relations in 1975. Both nations are members of the United Nations.
The nations of Mexico and Vietnam established diplomatic relations in 1975. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation and the United Nations.
The nations of Mexico and Qatar established diplomatic relations in 1975. Both nations are members of the United Nations.
The nations of the Ivory Coast and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1975. Both nations are members of the Group of 24 and the United Nations.
The nations of The Bahamas and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1974. Both nations are members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States and the United Nations.
Nicaragua–Turkey relations are the foreign relations between Nicaragua and Turkey. The Turkish Embassy in San José, Costa Rica is accredited to Nicaragua while Nicaragua's Embassy in Berlin, Germany is accredited to Turkey.
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