Mimophytum

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Mimophytum
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Subfamily: Boraginoideae
Genus: Mimophytum
Greenm. (1905)
Type species
Mimophytum omphalodoides
Greenm.
Species [1]

11; see text

Mimophytum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. The species are native to northeastern Mexico and adjacent areas of Texas, United States. They are similar to the closely related genus Omphalodes but a distinct group.

Contents

Morphology

Mimophytum species are (sub-)perennial herbs, either with a rhizome or erect. The leaves have petioles and are heart-shaped or rhombic. They produce blue flowers similar to forget-me-nots. [2] The fruits consist of four winged nutlets. The nutlet wing can be turned upwards, creating a navel-like shape, similar to the fruits of Omphalodes . In two species, M. alienum and M. alienoides , there are two differently shaped fruits: two navel-like nutlets and two nutlets with flat wings. In three species, M. omphalodoides , M. benitomartinezii , and M. richardsonii , the wings of the navel-shaped nutlets are beset with small barbed glochidia.

Species

11 species are accepted. [1]

Systematics

The barbed glochidia on the nutlet wing was a character that led Greenman to describe his new species, Mimophytum omphalodoides, in new genus. [3] However, Greenman already recognized the similarity of many characters of his new species to Omphalodes. The species without these glochidiate nutlet wings were considered as belonging to Omphalodes, [2] but the similarity was always recognized. New phylogenetic work showed that the native Mexican and Texan "Omphalodes" species are a clade, distinct from the true Omphalodes from Europe. [4] A later phylogenetic placement of the type species of Mimophytum within the North American clade of Omphalodes confirmed the suggested close relationship, leading to the taxonomic transfer of most of the native North American Omphalodes names to Mimophytum. [5] A single remaining Omphalodes species from Mexico, O. erecta was initially excluded from this process, because it is morphologically too deviant to infer an unequivocal classification to Mimophytum from morphology alone. A phylogenetic study published in 2019 confirmed that O. erecta belongs to the Mimophytum clade, and it was renamed Mimophytum erectum . [6]

Related Research Articles

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Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-notfamily, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees, and herbs in 146 to 154 genera with a worldwide distribution.

<i>Pulmonaria</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Pulmonaria (lungwort) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae, native to Europe and western Asia, with one species east to central Asia. According to various estimates there may be between 10 and 18 species found in the wild.

<i>Lithospermum</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boraginales</span> Order of flowering plants within the lammiid clade of eudicots

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<i>Myosotidium</i> Monotypic genus of plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Myosotidium is a genus of plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae. This genus is represented by the single species Myosotidium hortensia, the Chatham Islands lily, giant forget-me-not or Chatham Islands forget-me-not, which is endemic to the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. In the Māori language, it is known by the name kopukapuka.

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<i>Bourreria</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

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Iberodes is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae native to southwest Europe. The whiteflower navelwort is part of this genus. Most specimens are from the Iberian Peninsula. The genus was previously thought to be part of Omphalodes, and in 2016 was moved to its own. Iberodes kuzinskyana was assessed as Vulnerable in 2010 and is now assessed as Critically endangered by the Portuguese Botanical Society.

Memoremea scorpioides is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Boraginaceae. It is the sole species in genus Memoremea. Its native range is eastern-central and eastern Europe.

<i>Huynhia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Huynhia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae, from Asia.

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References

  1. 1 2 Mimophytum Greenm. Plants of the World Online . Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  2. 1 2 Nesom, G.L. (2013). "A third species of Mimophytum s.str. and three new species of Omphalodes (Boraginaceae) from North America". Phytoneuron. 2013–64: 1–23.
  3. ↑ Greenman, J.M. (1905). "Descriptions of Spermatophytes from the Southwestern United States, Mexico and Central America". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 41 (9): 233–270. doi:10.2307/20013502. JSTOR   20013502. S2CID   165277761.
  4. ↑ Holstein, N.; Chacón, J.; Hilger, H. H.; Weigend, M. (2016). "No longer shipwrecked—Selkirkia (Boraginaceae) back on the mainland with generic rearrangements in South American "Omphalodes" based on molecular data". Phytotaxa. 270 (4): 231–251. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.270.4.1.
  5. ↑ Holstein, N.; Chacón, J.; Otero, A.; Jiménez-Mejías, P.; Weigend, M. (2016). "Towards a monophyletic Omphalodes—or an expansion of North American Mimophytum". Phytotaxa. 288 (2): 131–144. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.288.2.3.
  6. ↑ Otero, A., Jiménez-Mejías, P., Valcárcel, V. and Vargas, P. (2019), Worldwide long-distance dispersal favored by epizoochorous traits in the biogeographic history of Omphalodeae (Boraginaceae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 57: 579-593. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12504
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