Boraginoideae

Last updated

Boraginoideae
Ogorecznik.JPG
Borago officinalis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Subfamily: Boraginoideae
Arn.
Type genus
Borago
L.
Tribes

Boraginoideae is a subfamily of the plant family Boraginaceae s.s, with about 42 genera. That family is defined in a much broader sense (Boraginaceae s.l.) in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) system of classification for flowering plants. The APG has not specified any subfamilial structure within Boraginaceae s.l.

Contents

Taxonomy

Some taxonomists placed the genera Codon and Wellstedia in Boraginoideae. Others place one or both of these in separate, monogeneric subfamilies. Codon was long regarded as an odd member of Hydrophylloideae, but in 1998, a molecular phylogenetic study suggested that it is closer to Boraginoideae. [1] Neither is included n more modern classifications. [2]

Some authors proposed a revision of earlier APG systems, in which Boraginaceae had been included as an unplaced family (i.e. not included in a specified order) within the lamiid clade of eudicots. In that system. Boraginaceae was defined broadly (Boraginaceae sensu lato or s.l.). Instead they proposed recognizing five to eight families in a separate order, the Boraginales. [3] [2] In that system Boraginaceae is treated in a narrow sense ( sensu stricto or s.s.). Subsequently the order Boraginales was added to the 2016 revision (APG IV) to include Boraginaceae at the ordinal level, in which it was the sole family. The consensus was to continue the broad usage rather than split it into separate families, based on its monophyletic composition. [4] The subfamilial structure applies solely to Boraginaceae s.s., which includes around 1,600 to 1,700 species divided into some 90 genera.[ citation needed ]

Subdivision

Comparisons of DNA sequences by cladistic methods suggested the division of Boraginoideae into four tribes: Echiochileae, Boragineae, Lithospermeae, and Cynoglosseae. [5] This was subsequently resolved into only two tribes, Boragineae and Lithospermeae (25 genera). Boragineae was then further subdivided into two subtribes, Boragininae (15 genera) and Moritziinae (2). [2]

Genera

Genera and approximate number of species in the system of Chacon et al (2016): [2]

Anchusa, Anchusella, Borago, Brunnera, Cynoglottis, Gastrocotyle, Hormuzakia, Lycopsis, Melanortocarya, Nonea, Pentaglottis, Phyllocara, Pulmonaria, Symphytum, Trachystemon

Moritzia, Thaumatocaryon

Aegonychon, Alkanna, Ancistrocarya, Arnebia, Buglossoides, Cerinthe, Cystostemon, Echiostachys, Echium, Glandora, Halacsya, Huynhia, Lithodora, Lithospermum, Lobostemon, Maharanga, Mairetis, Moltkia, Moltkiopsis, Neatostema, Onosma, Paramoltkia, Podonosma, Pontechium, Stenosolenium. [6]

The following list of genera consists of Codon plus the genera listed for Boraginoideae at the Germplasm Resources Information Network [7]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boraginaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-notfamily, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees, and herbs in 146 to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution.

<i>Cryptantha</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Cryptantha is a genus of flowering plants in the borage family, Boraginaceae. They are known commonly as cat's eyes and popcorn flowers. They are distributed throughout western North America and western South America, but they are absent from the regions in between.

<i>Cynoglossum</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Cynoglossum is a genus of small-flowered plants in the family Boraginaceae.

<i>Anchusa</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

The genus Anchusa belongs to the borage family (Boraginaceae). It includes about 35 species found growing in Europe, North Africa, South Africa and Western Asia. They are introduced in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boraginales</span> Order of flowering plants within the lammiid clade of eudicots

Boraginales is an order of flowering plants in the asterid clade, with a total of about 125 genera and 2,700 species. Different taxonomic treatments either include only a single family, the Boraginaceae, or divide it into up to eleven families. Its herbs, shrubs, trees and lianas (vines) have a worldwide distribution.

<i>Hackelia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Hackelia (stickseeds) is a genus of plants in the borage family, Boraginaceae. It includes 54 species found in North America, western South America, temperate Eurasia, and Australia. 12 species are native to California.

<i>Zygophyllum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Zygophyllum is the type genus of the flowering plant family Zygophyllaceae. The generic name is derived from the Greek words ζυγόν (zygon), meaning "double", and φυλλον (phyllon), meaning "leaf". It refers to the leaves, each of which have two leaflets.

<i>Codon</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Codon is a small genus of plants from South Africa in the family Codonaceae in the order Boraginales. The genus Codon comprises two species.

Heliotropiaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants with approximately 450 species worldwide, though it is concentrated especially in the tropics and subtropics.

<i>Eritrichium</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Eritrichium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. It contains 78 species. Notable members include Eritrichium howardii and Eritrichium nanum.

<i>Euploca</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Euploca is an almost cosmopolitan genus of plants with around 100 species. It was first described by Thomas Nuttall in 1837. While part of the broadly defined Boraginaceae in the APG IV system from 2016, a revision of the order Boraginales from the same year includes Euploca in the separate family Heliotropiaceae. Its species used to be classified in the genera Hilgeria and Schleidenia and in Heliotropium sect. Orthostachys, but were found to form an independent lineage in a molecular phylogenetic analysis, more closely related to Myriopus than to Heliotropium. While many species use the C4 photosynthetic pathway, there are also C3–C4 intermediate species. Species have leaves with a C4-typical Kranz anatomy.

Antiphytum, commonly known as saucerflower, is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae.

Johnstonella is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae.

Moritzia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae.

<i>Rochelia</i> Genus of plants

Rochelia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae. It is also in subtribe Eritrichiinae.

<i>Huynhia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Huynhia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae, from Asia.

<i>Oreocarya</i> Genus of flowering plants

Oreocarya is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. There are about 63 species and its native range extends from western and central Canada, through western United States to north Mexico. It is part of subtribe of Amsinckiinae.

References

  1. Ferguson 1998.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Chacon et al 2016.
  3. Weigand et al 2014.
  4. Peter F. Stevens. (2001 onwards). "Boraginaceae". At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see External links below)
  5. Cohen 2014.
  6. Armen Takhtajan Flowering Plants (2009) , p. 542, at Google Books
  7. "Genera of Boraginaceae subfam. Boraginoideae". Germplasm Resources Information Network . United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2009-04-02.

Bibliography