Selkirkia (plant)

Last updated

Selkirkia
Reportonscientif188501grea 1093.jpg
Selkirkia berteroi
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Subfamily: Boraginoideae
Genus: Selkirkia
Hemsl., 1884
Type species
Selkirkia berteroi
(Colla) Hemsl.

Selkirkia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. [1] Three species occur on the South American mainland and one, Selkirkia berteroi (sometimes written berteri), the first of the genus to be reported, is an endemic on Robinson Crusoe Island off the coast of Chile. It was previously considered a monotypic genus. [2]

Contents

Morphology

Selkirkia species are perennial, either a shrub (S. berteroi) or decumbent, ascending or erect herbs to subshrubs. The leaves are ovate to lanceolate, and mostly occurring along the stem, not in rosettes. The corolla is white (S. berteroi) or blue to violet. The fruits consist of four nutlets, which are beset with barbed glochids, and superficially similar to the fruits of hound's tongues. The fruits of S. berteroi are somewhat winged and seemingly attached to the style but in fact, like the other three species, on a pyramidal gynobase.

Distribution and conservation

The four species occur in forested areas of South America and Robinson Crusoe Island. [3] Selkirkia berteroi is an endemic shrub on Robinson Crusoe Island, and due to the narrow distribution to be considered critically endangered according to IUCN criteria. Selkirkia trianae is a species in the undergrowth of dense, primary cloud forests of Colombia and Ecuador. Although there are not many data, land conversion into pastures might pose a threat to the species. The remaining two species, Selkirkia limense and Selkirkia pauciflora occur in the forests of the Mediterranean climates of Chile. They are likely endangered (not officially assessed though) due to deforestation and land conversion for agriculture.

Systematics

Boraginaceae systematics relied strongly on fruit morphology, so all four species were initially thought to belong to Cynoglossum , where the four nutlets typically are beset with barbed glochidia. However, fruit morphology turned out to be unreliable for classification. [4] When Selkirkia pauciflora (under its illegitimate name Cynoglossum paniculatum) was found to be closely related to Myosotidium hortensia and Omphalodes , Serrano et al. placed the species into a new genus, Mapuchea. [5] However, after inclusion of the two other native South American "Cynoglossum" species and Selkirkia berteroi, it turned out that these four species are closely related to each other and sister to Myosotidium hortensia. [3] Due to the similar growth habit (more or less shrubby) and the glochidiate nutlets, the four species are now considered as more widely circumscribed genus Selkirkia.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boraginaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-notfamily, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees, and herbs in 146 to 154 genera with a worldwide distribution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geraniales</span> Order of flowering plants in the rosid subclade of eudicots

Geraniales is a small order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subclade of eudicots. The largest family in the order is Geraniaceae with over 800 species. In addition, the order includes the smaller Francoaceae with about 40 species. Most Geraniales are herbaceous, but there are also shrubs and small trees.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geraniaceae</span> Family of plants

Geraniaceae is a family of flowering plants placed in the order Geraniales. The family name is derived from the genus Geranium. The family includes both the genus Geranium and the garden plants called geraniums, which modern botany classifies as genus Pelargonium, along with other related genera.

<i>Pulmonaria</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Pulmonaria (lungwort) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae, native to Europe and western Asia, with one species east to central Asia. According to various estimates there may be between 10 and 18 species found in the wild.

<i>Phacelia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Phacelia is a genus of about 200 species of annual or perennial herbaceous plants in the borage family, native to North and South America. California is particularly rich in species with over 90 recorded in the region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boraginales</span> Order of flowering plants within the lammiid clade of eudicots

Boraginales is an order of flowering plants in the asterid clade, with a total of about 125 genera and 2,700 species. Different taxonomic treatments either include only a single family, the Boraginaceae, or divide it into up to eleven families. Its herbs, shrubs, trees and lianas (vines) have a worldwide distribution.

<i>Myosotidium</i> Monotypic genus of plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Myosotidium is a genus of plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae. This genus is represented by the single species Myosotidium hortensia, the Chatham Islands lily, giant forget-me-not or Chatham Islands forget-me-not, which is endemic to the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. In the Māori language, it is known by the name kopukapuka.

Hoplestigma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae, although this is disputed, and it has been placed in its own family Hoplestigmataceae. Its two species are native to Cameroon, Gabon, Ivory Coast and Liberia in western tropical Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boraginoideae</span> Subfamily of plants within the borage family (Boraginaceae)

Boraginoideae is a subfamily of the plant family Boraginaceae s.s, with about 42 genera. That family is defined in a much broader sense in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) system of classification for flowering plants. The APG has not specified any subfamilial structure within Boraginaceae s.l.

<i>Omphalodes</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Omphalodes (navelwort) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. It includes eleven species native to Europe and western Asia. In spring they produce blue or white flowers similar to forget-me-nots.

<i>Codon</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Codon is a small genus of plants from South Africa in the family Codonaceae in the order Boraginales. The genus Codon comprises two species.

Heliotropiaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants with approximately 450 species worldwide, though it is concentrated especially in the tropics and subtropics.

<i>Pseudomertensia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Pseudomertensia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. They are perennial herbs with blue or bluish purple flowers. Their natural range is from Iran to the Himalayas. None have been found in China or Russia. P. echioides, and the type species for the genus, P. elongata, are occasionally cultivated as ornamentals.

<i>Coldenia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Coldenia, named after C. Colden, is a monotypic genus of flowering plants traditionally included in the borage family, Boraginaceae sensu lato. It was assigned to the subfamily Ehretioideae, but molecular data revealed it to be more closely related to the genus Cordia, so that other authors placed in Cordioideae. Subsequently, it was placed in its own family, Coldeniaceae, within the Boraginales order, by the Boraginales Working Group.

Mimophytum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. The species are native to northeastern Mexico and adjacent areas of Texas, United States. They are similar to the closely related genus Omphalodes but a distinct group.

<i>Andersonglossum boreale</i> Species of flowering plant

Andersonglossum boreale, known as northern wild comfrey or just wild comfrey, is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, Boraginaceae. It is native to boreal coniferous and mixed forests in North America, from Nova Scotia to British Columbia and Yukon in Canada, south to New Jersey and Indiana in the United States. It is often found in rocky or sandy soils. It is extirpated from many of the southern parts of its range.

<i>Huynhia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Huynhia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae, from Asia.

<i>Greeneocharis</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Greeneocharis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. There are two species, and it has a disjunct distribution in the western United States and northwestern Mexico in North America and western Argentina in southern South America. It is part of subtribe of Amsinckiinae.

Malesherbia laraosensis is a member of Malesherbia (Passifloraceae) described in 2014 by Hamilton Beltran and Maximilian Weigend. It is the only member of the genus known to inhabit Laraos, Peru. It is described as a small shrub, with branch lengths up to 15 cm long, these features make it morphologically distinct from other Peruvian members of the genus. It has orange flowers with red tips, and flowers from May - July.

References

  1. ↑ Joachim W. Kadereit; Volker Bittrich (9 April 2016). Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Aquifoliales, Boraginales, Bruniales, Dipsacales, Escalloniales, Garryales, Paracryphiales, Solanales (except Convolvulaceae), Icacinaceae, Metteniusaceae, Vahliaceae. Springer. pp. 86–7. ISBN   978-3-319-28534-4.
  2. ↑ Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. New York Botanical Garden. 1973. p. 142.
  3. 1 2 Holstein, N.; Chacón, J.; Hilger, H. H.; Weigend, M. (2016). "No longer shipwrecked - Selkirkia (Boraginaceae) back on the mainland with generic rearrangements in South American "Omphalodes" based on molecular data". Phytotaxa. 270 (4): 231–251. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.270.4.1.
  4. ↑ Weigend, M.; Luebert, F.; Selvi, F.; Brokamp, G.; Hilger, H. H. (2013). "Multiple origins for Hound's tongues (Cynoglossum L.) and Navel seeds (Omphalodes Mill.) - The phylogeny of the borage family (Boraginaceae s.str.)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 68 (3): 604–618. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.04.009.
  5. ↑ Serrano, M.; Carbajal, R.; Pereira Coutinho, A.; Ortiz, S. (2016). "Two new genera in the Omphalodes group (Cynoglosseae, Boraginaceae)". Nova Acta Científica Compostelana (Bioloxía). 234: 1–14.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.