Anchusa

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Anchusa
Anchusa officinalis 16-06-2006 19.44.06.JPG
Anchusa officinalis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Subfamily: Boraginoideae
Genus: Anchusa
L. (1753)
Type species
Anchusa officinalis
L.
Synonyms [1]
  • AnchusellaBigazzi, E.Nardi & Selvi (1997)
  • BuglossaGray (1821 publ. 1822), nom. superfl.
  • BuglossitesBubani (1897), nom. superfl.
  • BuglossumMill. (1754)
  • EchioidesFabr. (1759), nom. superfl.
  • LycopsisL. (1753)
  • StomotechiumLehm. (1817)

The genus Anchusa belongs to the borage family (Boraginaceae). It includes about 35 species [2] found growing in Europe, North Africa, South Africa and Western Asia. They are introduced in the United States.

Contents

They consist of annual plants, biennial plants and perennial plants with the general characteristics of the borage family. They are commonly herbaceous. The leaves are simple or undulate, covered with stiff hairs.

The small radially symmetrical flowers are sapphire blue and retain their colour a long time. The plants show numerous flowers with five sepals, united at their bases, and five petals forming a narrow tube facing upwards. The flowers grow in several axillary cymes, simple or branched, or are clustered at the end. The flowers are much frequented by bees.

The genus Anchusa is commonly used in trough or rock gardens. [2]

The roots of Anchusa (just like those of Alkanna and Lithospermum ) contain anchusin (or alkanet-red), a red-brown resinoid colouring matter. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, chloroform and ether.

Anchusa species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora pennella .

Taxonomy

There are four subgenera: Buglossum, Buglossoides, Buglossellum and Anchusa.

The first two form one subclade, the other two each a separate subclade. The subclade of the subgenus Anchusa (containing Anchusa capensis) is largely unresolved.

If we consider Anchusa s.l., then it includes the subgenus Limbata, which diverges markedly in its floral morphology.

The subgenera Buglossum, Buglossellum and Buglossoides clearly need new independent entities, while the subgenus Anchusa needs a narrower concept. This way taxonomy and phylogeny with respect to Anchusa can become completely analogous.

Species

35 species are accepted. [1]

Formerly placed here

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References

  1. 1 2 Anchusa L. Plants of the World Online . Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  2. 1 2 Grey-Wilson, Christopher (2009). The Rock Garden Plant Primer. London: Timber Press. p. 46. ISBN   978-0-88192-928-7.