 | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | Mimosa |
| Owner | Robert Vining, William Killey, Liverpool; Daniel Green |
| Builder | Alexander Hall and Sons, Aberdeen |
| Cost | £5,916 |
| Launched | 21 June 1853 [1] |
| Fate | Hulked; lost at New Calabar. [2] |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 447 tons NM, 540 tons OM |
| Length | 139.9 ft (42.6 m) |
| Beam | 25.5 ft (7.8 m) |
| Depth of hold | 15.6 ft (4.8 m) |
| Sail plan | Ship rigged, 3 masts [1] |
Mimosa was a clipper ship that gained fame for carrying the first Welsh emigrants to South America in 1865.
Mimosa had already seen many years of service by the time it transported Welsh emigrants to Patagonia, South America. The ship was built in 1853 at Hall's shipyard in Aberdeen. Although the ship wasn't designed to carry passengers, it was converted for that purpose before the voyage. The cost of fitting, provisioning and chartering the ship was £2,500 and the passengers paid £12 per adult or £6 per child for the journey. [3] Before the voyage, the emigrants assembled at various points, not always their places of origin, to prepare for the journey, including Aberdare, Birkenhead, and Mountain Ash.
Mimosa sailed from Liverpool, England on 28 May 1865 to Patagonia, South America with a group of about 153 passengers with Captain George Pepperell and a crew of 18. The ship's surgeon for the voyage was Thomas Greene, an Irishman from Kildare. They landed on 28 July 1865 and named their landing site Porth Madryn. They were met by Edwyn Cynrig Roberts and Lewis Jones who had already arrived in Patagonia in June 1865 to prepare for the arrival of the main body of settlers. Their aim was to establish a Welsh colony which would preserve the Welsh language and culture. The proposed site for the colony was in the Chubut River valley. On 15 September 1865 the first town in the Chubut colony was named Rawson, and the settlers went on to build the settlements at Gaiman and Trelew.
The exact number of emigrants who sailed out to Patagonia on Mimosa remains uncertain. Although one of the original settlers, Richard Jones (Berwyn), maintained a register of births, marriages and deaths for many years, most of these original records were lost in the great flood in the Chubut Valley in 1899. In 1875, the Argentine government granted the Welsh settlers ownership of the land which encouraged hundreds of others from Wales to join the colony.
In the early 21st century, approximately 50,000 Patagonians are of Welsh descent, of whom around 5,000 are Welsh speakers. [4] The Welsh-Argentine colony, which became known as Y Wladfa , remains centered on Gaiman, Trelew and Trevelin. [5]
| Name | Assembly point | Given age | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austin, Thomas | Mountain Ash | 17 | |
| Austin, William | Mountain Ash | 18 | |
| Davies, Evan | Aberdare | 25 | |
| Davies, Ann | Aberdare | 24 | wife of Evan Davies |
| Davies, Margaret Ann | Aberdare | 1 | daughter of Evan & Ann Davies |
| Davies, James (Iago Dafydd) | Brynmawr | 18 | |
| Davies, John (Ioan Dafydd) | Mountain Ash | 18 | |
| Llanrwst | 11 | ||
| Davies, Rachel | Aberystwyth | 28 | wife of Lewis Davies |
| Davies, Thomas G. | Aberystwyth | 3 | son of Rachel and Lewis Davies |
| Davies, Robert | Llandrillo | 40 | |
| Davies, Catherine | Llandrillo | 38 | wife of Robert Davies |
| Davies, William | Llandrillo | 8 | son of Robert & Catherine Davies |
| Davies, Henry | Llandrillo | 7 | son of Robert & Catherine Davies |
| Davies, John | Llandrillo | 1 | son of Robert & Catherine Davies, died on board |
| Davies, John E. | Mountain Ash | 30 | |
| Davies, Selia | Mountain Ash | 26 | wife of John E. Davies |
| Davies, John | Mountain Ash | infant | son of John E. & Selia Davies |
| Davies, Thomas | Aberdare | 40 | |
| Davies, Eleanor | Aberdare | 38 | (second) wife of Thomas Davies |
| Davies, David | Aberdare | 18 | son of Thomas Davies (1st marriage) |
| Davies, Hannah | Aberdare | 16 | daughter of Thomas Davies (1st marriage) |
| Davies, Elizabeth | Aberdare | 11 | daughter of Thomas Davies (1st marriage) |
| Davies, Ann | Aberdare | 7 | daughter of Thomas Davies (1st marriage) |
| Davies, William | Liverpool, England | 36 | |
| Ellis, John | Liverpool, England | 38 | |
| Ellis, Thomas | Liverpool, England | 36 | |
| Ellis, Richard | Llanfechain, Llanfyllin | 27 | |
| Ellis, Frances | Llanfechain, Llanfyllin | 27 | |
| Evans, Daniel | Mountain Ash | 27 | |
| Evans, Mary | Mountain Ash | 23 | wife of Daniel Evans |
| Evans, Elizabeth | Mountain Ash | 5 | daughter of Daniel & Mary Evans |
| Evans, John Daniel | Mountain Ash | 3 | son of Daniel & Mary Evans |
| Evans, Thomas Pennant (Twmi Dimol) | Manchester, England | 29 | crew |
| Greene, Dr. Thomas William Nassau | Liverpool, England | 21 | crew (ships' doctor) |
| Harris, Thomas | Mountain Ash | 31 | |
| Harris, Sara | Mountain Ash | 31 | wife of Thomas Harris |
| Harris, William | Mountain Ash | 11 | son of Thomas & Sara Harris |
| Harris, John | Mountain Ash | 6 | son of Thomas & Sara Harris |
| Harris, Thomas | Mountain Ash | 5 | son of Thomas & Sara Harris |
| Harris, Daniel | Mountain Ash | infant | son of Thomas & Sara Harris |
| Hughes, Catherine | Birkenhead, England | 24 | |
| Hughes, Griffith | Rhosllannerchrugog | 36 | |
| Hughes, Mary | Rhosllannerchrugog | 36 | wife of Griffith Hughes |
| Hughes, Jane | Rhosllannerchrugog | 11 | daughter of Griffith & Mary Hughes |
| Hughes, Griffith | Rhosllannerchrugog | 9 | son of Griffith & Mary Hughes |
| Hughes, David | Rhosllannerchrugog | 6 | son of Griffith & Mary Hughes |
| Hughes, John | Rhosllannerchrugog | 30 | |
| Hughes, Elizabeth | Rhosllannerchrugog | 39 | wife of John Hughes |
| Hughes, William John | Rhosllannerchrugog | 10 | son of John & Elizabeth Hughes |
| Hughes, Myfanwy Mary | Rhosllannerchrugog | 4 | son of John & Elizabeth Hughes |
| Hughes, John Samuel | Rhosllannerchrugog | 2 | son of John & Elizabeth Hughes |
| Hughes, Henry | Rhosllannerchrugog | 1 | son of John & Elizabeth Hughes |
| Hughes (Cadfan), Hugh J. | Liverpool, England | 41 | |
| Hughes, Elizabeth | Liverpool, England | 40 | wife of Hugh Hughes |
| Hughes, Jane | Liverpool, England | 20 | daughter of Hugh & Elizabeth Hughes |
| Hughes, David | Liverpool, England | 6 | son of Hugh & Elizabeth Hughes |
| Hughes, Llewelyn | Liverpool, England | 4 | son of Hugh & Elizabeth Hughes |
| Hughes, Richard | Caernarfon | 20 | |
| Hughes, William | Anglesey | 32 | |
| Hughes, Jane | Anglesey | 32 | wife of William Hughes |
| Hughes, Jane | Anglesey | infant | daughter of William & Jane Hughes |
| Hughes, William | Abergynolwyn | 33 | widower, married Ann Lewis on board |
| Humphreys, Morris | Ganllwyd, Dolgellau | 27 | |
| Humphreys, Elizabeth Harriet | Ganllwyd, Dolgellau | 21 | wife of Maurice Humphreys |
| Humphreys, Lewis | Ganllwyd, Dolgellau | 27 | |
| Humphreys, John | Ganllwyd, Dolgellau | 22 | |
| Huws, Rhydderch | Manchester, England | 33 | |
| Huws, Sara | Manchester, England | 37 | wife of Rhydderch Huws |
| Huws, Meurig | Manchester, England | 4 | son of Rhydderch & Sara Huws |
| Jenkins, Aaron | Mountain Ash | 35 | |
| Jenkins, Rachel | Mountain Ash | 32 | née Evans |
| Jenkins, James | Mountain Ash | 2 | son of Aaron & Rachel Jenkins, died on board |
| Jenkins, Richard | Mountain Ash | 1 | son of Aaron & Rachel Jenkins |
| Jenkins, Rachel | daughter of Aaron & Rachel Jenkins, born on board | ||
| Jenkins, Thomas | Mountain Ash | 23 | |
| Jenkins, William | Mountain Ash | 18 | |
| John, David | Mountain Ash | 31 | |
| John, Mary Ann | Aberdare | 24 | |
| Jones, Evan | Aberdare | 19 | son of Eleanor Davies (1st marriage) |
| Jones, Thomas | Aberdare | 15 | son of Eleanor Davies (1st marriage) |
| Jones, David | Aberdare | 13 | son of Eleanor Davies (1st marriage) |
| Jones, Elizabeth | Aberdare | 12 | daughter of Eleanor Davies (1st marriage) |
| Jones, Elizabeth | Mountain Ash | ||
| Jones, Anne | Bethesda | 23 | |
| Jones, George | Liverpool, England | 16 | |
| Jones, David | Liverpool, England | 18 | |
| Jones, James | Mountain Ash | 27 | |
| Jones, Sarah | Mountain Ash | 24 | wife of James Jones |
| Jones, Mary Anne | Mountain Ash | 3 | daughter of James & Sarah Jones |
| Jones, James | Mountain Ash | 1 | son of James & Sarah Jones |
| Jones, John | Mountain Ash | 61 | |
| Jones, Elizabeth | Mountain Ash | 53 | |
| Jones, Richard (Berwyn) | New York, United States | 27 | crew (purser) |
| Jones, Richard | Mountain Ash | 21 | son of John & Elizabeth Jones |
| Jones, Ann | Mountain Ash | 18 | daughter of John & Elizabeth Jones |
| Jones, Margaret | Mountain Ash | 14 | daughter of John & Elizabeth Jones |
| Jones, John (jnr) | Mountain Ash | 28 | |
| Jones, Mary | Mountain Ash | 27 | née Morgan, wife of John Jones (jnr) |
| Jones, Morgan | son of John & Mary Jones, born on board Mimosa | ||
| Jones, Thomas Harries | Mountain Ash | 16 | |
| Jones, Joseph Seth | Denbigh | 20 | |
| Jones, Joshua | Cwmaman, Aberdare | 22 | |
| Lewis Jones | Liverpool, England | 28 | advance party |
| Jones, Ellen | Liverpool, England | 25 | wife of Lewis Jones, advance party |
| Jones, Mary | Mountain Ash | 22 | |
| Jones, Stephen | Caernarfon | 18 | |
| Jones (Bedol), William R. | Bala | 31 | |
| Jones, Catherine | Bala | 31 | wife of William R. Jones |
| Jones, Mary Ann | Bala | 4 | daughter of William R. & Catherine Jones |
| Jones, Jane | Bala | 1 | daughter of William R. & Catherine Jones |
| Lewis, Anne | Abergynolwyn | 35 | née Pugh, widow, married William Hughes on board |
| Lewis, Mary | Mountain Ash | ||
| Matthews, Abraham | Aberdare | 32 | |
| Matthews, Gwenllian | Aberdare | 23 | wife of Abraham Matthews |
| Matthews, Mary Annie | Aberdare | 1 | |
| Morgan, John | Pen-y-Garn, Aberystwyth | 29 | |
| Nagle, Robert | Birkenhead, England, | 22 | crew (passenger steward) |
| Owen, Ann | Liverpool, England | ||
| Price, Edward | Liverpool, England | 41 | |
| Price, Martha | Liverpool, England | 38 | wife of Edward Price |
| Price, Edward | Liverpool, England | 16 | son of Edward & Martha Price |
| Price, Martha | Liverpool, England | 2 | daughter of Edward & Martha Price |
| Price, Griffith | Ffestiniog | 27 | |
| Pritchard, Elizabeth | Holyhead | 20 | |
| Rhys, James Berry | Ffestiniog | 23 | |
| Rhys, William Thomas | Trevethin | 25 | |
| Richards, William | Mountain Ash | 19 | |
| Roberts, Edwyn Cynrig | Nannerch & Wigan, England | 27 | advance party |
| Roberts, Elizabeth | Bangor, Wales | 19 | |
| Roberts, Grace | Bethesda | 25 | |
| Roberts, John Moelwyn | Ffestiniog | 20 | |
| Roberts, John, | Ffestiniog | 27 | |
| Roberts, Mary | Ffestiniog | 27 | wife of John Roberts |
| Roberts, Mary | Ffestiniog | daughter of John & Mary Roberts | |
| Roberts, Thomas | Ffestiniog | 2 | son of John & Mary Roberts |
| Roberts, John | Ffestiniog | infant | son of John & Mary Roberts |
| Roberts, William | Seacombe, Liverpool, England | 17 | |
| Solomon, Griffith | Ffestiniog | 23 | |
| Solomon, Elizabeth | Ffestiniog | 30 | wife of Griffith Solomon |
| Solomon, Elizabeth | Ffestiniog | 1 | daughter of Griffith & Elizabeth Solomon, died on board |
| Thomas, John Murray | Bridgend, Wales | 17 | |
| Thomas, Robert | Bangor, Wales | 29 | |
| Thomas, Mary | Bangor, Wales | 30 | wife of Robert Thomas |
| Thomas, Mary | Bangor, Wales | 5 | daughter of Robert & Mary Thomas |
| Thomas, Catherine Jane | Bangor, Wales | 2 | daughter of Robert & Mary Thomas, died on board |
| Thomas, Thomas | Mountain Ash | 26 | |
| Williams, Amos | Bangor, Wales | 25 | crew (passenger cook) |
| Williams, Eleanor | Bangor, Wales | 24 | wife of Amos Williams |
| Williams, Elizabeth | Bangor, Wales | daughter of Amos & Eleanor Williams | |
| Williams, Dafydd | Aberystwyth | ||
| Williams, Jane | Liverpool, England | 24 | |
| Williams, John | Birkenhead, England | 36 | |
| Williams, Elizabeth | Birkenhead, England | 31 | wife of John Williams |
| Williams, John | Birkenhead, England | 4 | son of John & Elizabeth Williams |
| Williams, Elizabeth | Birkenhead, England | 2 | daughter of John & Elizabeth Williams |
| Williams, Watkin W. Pritchard | Birkenhead, England | 33 | |
| Williams, Elizabeth Louisa | Birkenhead, England | 30 | |
| Williams, Watkin Wesley | Birkenhead, England | 27 | |
| Williams, Catherine | Birkenhead, England | ||
| Williams, Robert Meirion | Llanfairfechan | 51 | |
| Williams, Richard Howell | Llanfairfechan | 18 | son of Robert Meirion Williams |
| Williams, Thomas | Mountain Ash | 60 | |
| Williams, Mary, | Mountain Ash | 55 | |
| Williams, William | Liverpool, England | 20 | |
| Wood, Elizabeth | Liverpool, England | 11 | |
Y Wladfa, also occasionally Y Wladychfa Gymreig, refers to the establishment of settlements by Welsh colonists and immigrants in the Argentine Patagonia, beginning in 1865, mainly along the coast of the lower Chubut Valley. In 1881, the area became part of the Chubut National Territory of Argentina which, in 1955, became Chubut Province.
Chubut is a province in southern Argentina, situated between the 42nd parallel south, the 46th parallel south, the Andes range to the west, and the Atlantic ocean to the east. The province's name derives from the Tehuelche word chupat, meaning "transparent". their description of the Chubut River.
Rawson is the capital of the Argentine province of Chubut, in Patagonia. It has 24,616 inhabitants in 2010, and it is the chief town of the Rawson Department.
Trelew is a city in the eastern part of the Chubut Province of Argentina. Located in Patagonia, the city is the largest and most populous in the low valley of the Chubut River, with 97,915 inhabitants as of 2010. The Trelew municipality is part of the Rawson Department, whose capital, Rawson, is also the provincial capital.
Puerto Madryn, usually known as Madryn, is a city in the province of Chubut in Argentine Patagonia. It is the capital of the Viedma Department, and has about 103,175 inhabitants according to the last census in 2022.
Gaiman is a town in the Chubut Province of Patagonia in Argentina. It has a population of 6,627 as per the 2010 census [INDEC]. It is located in the River Chubut's lower valley, about 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Trelew. Gaiman is a cultural and demographic centre of the main region of the Welsh settlement in Argentina, known in Welsh as Y Wladfa Gymreig.
The Chubut River is located in the Patagonia region of southern Argentina. Its name comes from the Tehuelche word chupat, which means "transparent". The Argentine Chubut Province, through which the river flows, is named after it. Welsh settlers called the river "Afon Camwy", meaning "twisting river".
Sir Thomas Duncombe Love Jones-Parry, 1st Baronet was a Welsh landowner and Liberal politician. He was one of the founders of the Y Wladfa settlement in Patagonia, South America.
Lewis Jones was one of the founders of the Welsh settlement in Patagonia. The city of Trelew was named after him.
Dolavon is a small town in the Patagonian province of Chubut, Argentina. It had a population of 2,929 according to the 2001 census [INDEC]. It is located close to the Chubut River, about 19 km (12 mi) to the west of Gaiman. The name comes from Welsh dôl (meadow) and afon (river). Welsh immigrants began to settle in the area after their arrival in Patagonia in 1865. The Central Chubut Railway arrived in 1915, linking the settlement to Trelew, and the town was officially founded in 1919. Dolavon became a centre of wheat production using irrigation canals to compensate for the arid climate. The old flour mill with its water wheel is now a museum.
Patagonian Welsh is a variety of the Welsh language spoken in Y Wladfa, the Welsh settlement in Patagonia, Chubut Province, Argentina. The decimal numeral system used in Modern Welsh originated in Patagonia in the 1870s, and was subsequently adopted in Wales in the 1940s as a simpler counterpart to the traditional vigesimal system, which still survives in Wales.
Eluned Morgan, was a Welsh-language author from Patagonia. She was raised in Y Wladfa, a Welsh colony in Patagonia, and was taught to speak both Welsh and Spanish. Her father eventually enrolled her in Dr Williams' School in Wales, where she had to learn the English language. She led student protests against the school's English-only policy, which prohibited the use of Welsh by its students.
The Central Chubut Railway was a British-owned company that built and operated a 1,000 mmmetre gauge railway line in the Argentine province of Chubut in the Patagonia region at the end of the 19th. century.
Foreign relations between the Argentine Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland have existed for over a century.
Ysgol yr Hendre is a Welsh/Spanish-medium primary school in the large town of Trelew in Chubut Province, Argentina. It was opened on 6 March 2006, initially to teach children between three and five years of age in Welsh and Spanish. The Chubut education authorities authorised the establishment of the school and supports its aims. The school is twinned with Ysgol Pentreuchaf near Pwllheli in Wales.
Richard Bryn Williams, or Bryn Williams (1902–1981), was a Welsh-Argentine writer, poet, playwright and historian. From 1975 to 1978 he was Archdruid of the National Eisteddfod of Wales.
Edwyn Cynrig Roberts, sometimes Edwin Cynrig Roberts was one of the pioneers of the Welsh settlement in Patagonia, Argentina.
Edward Owen, also known as Edward Owen,"Maes Llaned" was a Welsh engineer, surveyor and merchant who was chairman of the Chubut City Council three times and a pioneer of Welsh colonization in the lower valley of the Chubut River and on the island of Choele Choel, in the province of Río Negro, Argentina.
The Gaiman Formation, in older literature also referred to as Patagonian Marine Formation, is a fossiliferous geologic formation of the Peninsula Valdés Basin in the eastern Chubut Province of northwestern Patagonia, eastern Argentina.
The Patagonian Bones is a 2015 Argentine film written and directed by Ricardo Preve. With a telefilm format, The Patagonian Bones is based on the true-life story of Catherine Roberts, the first Welsh woman to die in Patagonia in 1865, and on the 20-year work of three Argentine scientists to identify her remains. The film had a successful run at international festivals, winning awards and nominations.