Monophthongization of diphthongs in Proto-Slavic

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Monophthongization of diphthongs is a Proto-Slavic sound change in which diphthongs turn into vowels. It is one of the key events in the chronology of the Proto-Slavic language. The monophthongization of diphthongs restructured the Proto-Slavic language with a strong influence on its morphophonology.

Contents

The change

Proto-Balto-Slavic, the ancestor of Proto-Slavic, possessed three vocalic diphthongs: *ai, *au and *ei. In Proto-Slavic, these were monophthongized as follows, with the subscript indicating whether the vowels trigger the first palatalization or the second.

The fourth Proto-Indo-European vocalic diphthong, *eu, had already become *jau in Proto-Balto-Slavic. It then developed into *ju in Proto-Slavic, following the same development as for *au. The unrounding of older long *ū to Slavic *y had already taken place by the time of the monophthongization; the new *u filled the gap left by it. The first palatalization had also taken place, as the new vowels denoted as *ě₂ and *i₂ did not trigger it.

While most cases of older *ai developed into *ě₂, some inflectional endings appear to have developed *i₂ instead. It is unclear what factors are involved in triggering one reflex versus the other.

Dating

George Y. Shevelov dates the monophthongization of diphthongs to the 5th – 7th century AD. [1] Zdzisław Stieber dates the monophthongization of diphthongs to the 5th or 6th century AD. [2]

Toponymy data

By the time the Slavic migration to the Balkans began, the monophthongization of diphthongs had not yet taken place, as evidenced by the borrowing of the Latin name Poetovio as the Slavic Ptuj .

Subsequent toponyms show the borrowing of the Latin [au] as [ov], which indicates the completion of the process of monophthongization of diphthongs by the time these names were borrowed, for example: [1] [2]

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References

  1. 1 2 Jurij Vladimirovič Ševeljev, A Prehistory of Slavic, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, 1964.
  2. 1 2 Zdzisław Stieber, Zarys gramatyki porównawczej języków słowiańskich, Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 2005. ISBN   83-01-14542-0
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