Muriwai

Last updated

Muriwai
Muriwai Beach gannet colony.jpg
Muriwai Beach
Muriwai
Coordinates: 36°49′S174°25′E / 36.817°S 174.417°E / -36.817; 174.417
Country New Zealand
Region Auckland
Ward Rodney ward
Local board Rodney Local Board
Electorates
Government
 • Territorial Authority Auckland Council
Area
[1]
 • Total3.02 km2 (1.17 sq mi)
Population
 (June 2023) [2]
 • Total1,390
 • Density460/km2 (1,200/sq mi)

Muriwai, also called Muriwai Beach, is a coastal community on the west coast of the Auckland Region in the North Island of New Zealand. The black-sand surf beach and surrounding area is a popular recreational area for Aucklanders. The Muriwai Regional Park includes a nesting site for a large colony of gannets. [3]

Contents

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "water's end" for Muriwai. [4]

Muriwai Beach looking north Muriwai surf.jpg
Muriwai Beach looking north
Muriwai Beach southern end Muriwai Beach 02.jpg
Muriwai Beach southern end

Geology

The Muriwai area was uplifted from the sea floor between 3 and 5 million years ago. Much of the landscape is formed by remnants of the eastern side of the Waitākere Volcano, notably the pillow lava formations seen along the cliffs south of Muriwai beach. [5] The area is primarily formed by sand, sedimentary rock and piha conglomerate. Cliff walls dominate much of southern Muriwai. Muriwai Beach has black sand, caused by the iron content derived from the ancient volcanoes in the area, including the large Kaipara Volcano which was situated offshore from the Kaipara Heads, and erupted 23-16 million years ago. [6] The black sand is moved up the west coast of the North Island by longshore drift.

Oaia Island is an island located off the coast of Muriwai.

Biodiversity

Motutara Island at Muriwai is a rare mainland colony for Australasian gannets. [7] The rare korowai gecko is endemic to Muriwai area, primarily found in the sand dunes of Muriwai Beach. [8]

History

The Muriwai area is traditionally a part of rohe of the Tāmaki Māori tribe Te Kawerau ā Maki, known originally by the name One Rangatira ("The Chiefly Beach"), [9] [10] referring to the tohunga Rakatāura's visit to the beach. [11] The beach has spiritual significance to Te Kawerau ā Maki, as it is a part of Te Rerenga Wairua, the pathway that souls take to Cape Reinga to depart the world. [9]

Te Kawerau ā Maki and Ngāti Whātua fought over the area when the latter settled south of the Kaipara Harbour. Muriwai became known as the border between Te Kawerau ā Maki and Ngāti Whātua, when peace was struct by the Te Kawerau ā Maki chief Te Hawiti / Te Au o Te Whenua. [10] The area was settled by Ngāti Te Kahupara, a Ngāti Whātua hapū with Kawerau ancestry, until the 20th century. [12]

The southern Muriwai Beach area was also known as Paenga Tohorā, referring to the many whale strandings that happened in the location. [9] Te Au o Te Whenua lived at Te Korekore, a headland pā located at the south end of the beach. [9] He was known for collecting and drying Paphies ventricosa (toheroa) collected from the Muriwai area, which he would trade with other Tāmaki Māori iwi and hapū for delicacies. [9] The gannet colony headland was known as Ōtakamiro, the location of a pā named after the ancestor Takamiro. [10] [9] Other pā and villages to the south-east of the beach included Matuakore, Te Toheriri, Ngārihariha and Tirikohua. [10] The modern name, Muriwai, means "End of the Water". [11] It refers to the Te Muriwai, a kāinga located upstream of the beach along the Muriwai Stream/Okiritoto Stream, [9] which over time became a name for the river valley, and eventually for the wider area. [12]

During the late 19th century, John Foster established a flax mill at Muriwai, stopping in 1893 when this became uneconomic. [13] In 1894 Muriwai Valley School was established. The school only operated part-time, due to the school's rural location. [14]

During World War II, the New Zealand Government feared that the Japanese army could invade Auckland along the west coast, landing at Muriwai. During this period, a United States Marine Corps camp was established at Muriwai, in part due to these fears. [15]

In 1962, Muriwai became the location where the COMPAC submarine communications cable connected Auckland to Sydney, and a repeater station was installed 3 km from Muriwai Beach. This was used until 5 October 1983, when a cable fault at Sydney caused the system to cease working. [16]

Location

Muriwai is approximately 17 km west of Kumeū, 42 kilometres northwest of Auckland city, at the southern end of an unbroken 50 kilometre stretch of beach which extends up the Tasman Sea coast to the mouth of the Kaipara Harbour. One of several popular beaches in the area (others include Piha and Karekare), it experiences a population explosion in summer when Aucklanders head to the sea. It is in the Rodney Ward of the Auckland Region.

Governance

Muriwai is part of the Local Government Rodney Ward of Auckland Council and is part of the Kumeu Subdivision of the Rodney Local Board. Muriwai is in the Kaipara ki Mahurangi electorate. (Previously Helensville electorate.)

Demographics

Muriwai covers 3.02 km2 (1.17 sq mi) [1] and had an estimated population of 1,390 as of June 2023, [2] with a population density of 460 people per km2.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
20061,044—    
20131,131+1.15%
20181,248+1.99%
Source: [17]

Muriwai had a population of 1,248 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 117 people (10.3%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 204 people (19.5%) since the 2006 census. There were 444 households, comprising 636 males and 612 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.04 males per female. The median age was 40.1 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 282 people (22.6%) aged under 15 years, 165 (13.2%) aged 15 to 29, 690 (55.3%) aged 30 to 64, and 111 (8.9%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 94.2% European/Pākehā, 11.1% Māori, 2.6% Pacific peoples, 3.8% Asian, and 3.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 18.3, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 69.5% had no religion, 18.5% were Christian, 0.2% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.2% were Hindu, 0.2% were Muslim, 0.7% were Buddhist and 3.6% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 333 (34.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 81 (8.4%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $45,700, compared with $31,800 nationally. 294 people (30.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 552 (57.1%) people were employed full-time, 168 (17.4%) were part-time, and 33 (3.4%) were unemployed. [17]

Activity

2013 shark attack

In February 2013, filmmaker Adam Strange was killed at Muriwai Beach while swimming about 200m offshore, when he was attacked by a small group of great white sharks. [20] [21] As a result, Muriwai Beach was closed for a number of days. [22] Initial reports suggested the culprit was a bronze whaler, but it was later deemed more likely a great white was to blame. [23] It was the first fatal shark attack in more than three decades in New Zealand. [20]

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References

  1. 1 2 "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  2. 1 2 "Population estimate tables - NZ.Stat". Statistics New Zealand . Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  3. ↑ "Council profile". aucklandcouncil.govt.nz. Auckland Council.
  4. ↑ "1000 Māori place names". New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 6 August 2019.
  5. ↑ Hayward, Bruce (2009). "Land, Sea and Sky". In Macdonald, Finlay; Kerr, Ruth (eds.). West: The History of Waitakere. Random House. pp. 8, 13–14. ISBN   9781869790080.
  6. ↑ "K-Ar ages of early miocene arc-type volcanoes in Northern New Zealand".
  7. ↑ Frost, Peter G.H. (2017). "Population status and trends of selected seabirds in northern New Zealand" (PDF). Department of Conservation . New Zealand Government. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
  8. ↑ Ternouth, Louise (30 January 2024). "New species of Gecko on Auckland's West Coast named". Radio New Zealand . Retrieved 31 January 2024.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Te Kawerau ā Maki; The Trustees of Te Kawerau Iwi Settlement Trust; The Crown (22 February 2014). "Te Kawerau ā Maki Deed of Settlement Schedule" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Murdoch, Graeme (1990). "Nga Tohu o Waitakere: the Maori Place Names of the Waitakere River Valley and its Environs; their Background History and an Explanation of their Meaning". In Northcote-Bade, James (ed.). West Auckland Remembers, Volume 1. West Auckland Historical Society. pp. 14, 15, 17, 24. ISBN   0-473-00983-8.
  11. 1 2 "Muriwai Beach". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  12. 1 2 Cameron, Ewen; Hayward, Bruce; Murdoch, Graeme (2008). A Field Guide to Auckland: Exploring the Region's Natural and Historical Heritage (rev. ed.). Random House New Zealand. pp. 156–157. ISBN   978-1-86962-1513.
  13. ↑ Dunsford 2002, pp. 50.
  14. ↑ Dunsford 2002, pp. 41.
  15. ↑ Dunsford 2002, pp. 166–167, 171.
  16. ↑ Mander, Neil (2011). "COMPAC Submarine Telephone Cable System". In La Roche, John (ed.). Evolving Auckland: The City's Engineering Heritage. Wily Publications. pp. 195–202. ISBN   9781927167038.
  17. 1 2 "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Muriwai (114500). 2018 Census place summary: Muriwai
  18. ↑ "Motor racing". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. 1966.
  19. ↑ " "Home". Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2013.". Woodhill Forest Equestrian Park. 2010.
  20. 1 2 "Swimmer dies after shark attack". 3 News NZ. 27 February 2013. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
  21. ↑ "Shark attack victim's family embrace in sea". Stuff.co.nz. 28 February 2013.
  22. ↑ "Beach closed as search on for shark". 3 News NZ. 28 February 2013.
  23. ↑ "Muriwai shark most likely a great white". 3 News NZ. 28 February 2013.

Bibliography

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