N-Butylamine

Last updated
n-Butylamine
N-Butylamine.svg
N-butylamine-from-xtal-1994-3D-balls.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Butan-1-amine
Other names
  • 1-Aminobutane
  • 1-Butanamine
  • Monobutylamine
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
AbbreviationsNBA
605269
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.364 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 203-699-2
1784
MeSH n-butylamine
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • EO29750002
UNII
UN number 1125
  • InChI=1S/C4H11N/c1-2-3-4-5/h2-5H2,1H3 Yes check.svgY
    Key: HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
  • CCCCN
Properties
C4H11N
Molar mass 73.139 g·mol−1
AppearanceColorless liquid
Odor fishy, ammoniacal
Density 740 mg ml−1
Melting point −49 °C; −56 °F; 224 K
Boiling point 77 to 79 °C; 170 to 174 °F; 350 to 352 K
Miscible
log P 1.056
Vapor pressure 9.1 kPa (at 20 °C)
570 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
Basicity (pKb)3.22
-58.9·10−6 cm3/mol
1.401
Viscosity 500 µPa s (at 20 °C)
Thermochemistry
188 J K−1 mol−1
−128.9–−126.5 kJ mol−1
−3.0196–−3.0174 MJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg GHS-pictogram-acid.svg GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg
Danger
H225, H302, H312, H314, H332
P210, P280, P305+P351+P338, P310
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g. gasolineInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
3
0
Flash point −7 °C (19 °F; 266 K)
312 °C (594 °F; 585 K)
Explosive limits 1.7–9.8%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
  • 366 mg kg−1(oral, rat)
  • 626 mg kg−1(dermal, rabbit)
  • 430 mg kg−1(oral, mouse)
  • 430 mg kg−1(oral, guinea pig)
[1]
4000 ppm (rat, 4 hr)
263 ppm (mouse, 2 hr) [1]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
C 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) [skin] [2]
REL (Recommended)
C 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) [skin] [2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
300 ppm [2]
Safety data sheet (SDS) hazard.com
Related compounds
Related alkanamines
Related compounds
 2-Methyl-2-nitrosopropane
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

n-Butylamine is an organic compound (specifically, an amine) with the formula CH3(CH2)3NH2. This colourless liquid is one of the four isomeric amines of butane, the others being sec-butylamine, tert-butylamine, and isobutylamine. It is a liquid having the fishy, ammonia-like odor common to amines. The liquid acquires a yellow color upon storage in air. It is soluble in all organic solvents. Its vapours are heavier than air and it produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. [3]

Contents

Synthesis and reactions

It is produced by the reaction of ammonia and alcohols over alumina:

CH3(CH2)3OH + NH3 → CH3(CH2)3NH2 + H2O

n-Butylamine is a weak base. The pKa of [CH3(CH2)3NH3]+ is 10.78. [4]

n-Butylamine exhibits reactions typical of other simple alkyl amines, i.e., alkylation, acylation, condensation with carbonyls. It forms complexes with metal ions, examples being cis- and trans-[PtI2(NH2Bu)2]. [5]

Uses

Butylamine is a precursor to the fungicide benomyl. Benomyl.png
Butylamine is a precursor to the fungicide benomyl.

This compound is used as an ingredient in the manufacture of pesticides (such as thiocarbazides), pharmaceuticals, and emulsifiers. It is also a precursor for the manufacture of N,N′-dibutylthiourea, a rubber vulcanization accelerator, and n-butylbenzenesulfonamide, a plasticizer of nylon. It is used in the synthesis of fengabine, the fungicide benomyl, and butamoxane, and the antidiabetic tolbutamide. [6]

Safety

The LD50 to rats through the oral exposure route is 366 mg/kg. [7]

In regards to occupational exposures to n-butylamine, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health have set occupational exposure limits at a ceiling of 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) for dermal exposure. [8]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrazine</span> Colorless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odor

Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula N2H4. It is a simple pnictogen hydride, and is a colourless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odour. Hydrazine is highly hazardous unless handled in solution as, for example, hydrazine hydrate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Octane</span> Hydrocarbon compound with the formula C8H18

Octane is a hydrocarbon and an alkane with the chemical formula C8H18, and the condensed structural formula CH3(CH2)6CH3. Octane has many structural isomers that differ by the location of branching in the carbon chain. One of these isomers, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (commonly called iso-octane), is used as one of the standard values in the octane rating scale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heptane</span> Chemical compound

Heptane or n-heptane is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula H3C(CH2)5CH3 or C7H16. When used as a test fuel component in anti-knock test engines, a 100% heptane fuel is the zero point of the octane rating scale (the 100 point is 100% iso-octane). Octane number equates to the anti-knock qualities of a comparison mixture of heptane and iso-octane which is expressed as the percentage of iso-octane in heptane, and is listed on pumps for gasoline (petrol) dispensed globally.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Allyl chloride</span> Chemical compound

Allyl chloride is the organic compound with the formula CH2=CHCH2Cl. This colorless liquid is insoluble in water but soluble in common organic solvents. It is mainly converted to epichlorohydrin, used in the production of plastics. It is a chlorinated derivative of propylene. It is an alkylating agent, which makes it both useful and hazardous to handle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrogen bromide</span> Chemical compound

Hydrogen bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula HBr. It is a hydrogen halide consisting of hydrogen and bromine. A colorless gas, it dissolves in water, forming hydrobromic acid, which is saturated at 68.85% HBr by weight at room temperature. Aqueous solutions that are 47.6% HBr by mass form a constant-boiling azeotrope mixture that boils at 124.3 °C (255.7 °F). Boiling less concentrated solutions releases H2O until the constant-boiling mixture composition is reached.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Methylamine</span> Organic chemical compound

Methylamine, also known as methanamine, is an organic compound with a formula of CH3NH2. This colorless gas is a derivative of ammonia, but with one hydrogen atom being replaced by a methyl group. It is the simplest primary amine.

Morpholine is an organic chemical compound having the chemical formula O(CH2CH2)2NH. This heterocycle features both amine and ether functional groups. Because of the amine, morpholine is a base; its conjugate acid is called morpholinium. For example, treating morpholine with hydrochloric acid generates the salt morpholinium chloride. It is a colorless liquid with a weak, ammonia- or fish-like odor. The naming of morpholine is attributed to Ludwig Knorr, who incorrectly believed it to be part of the structure of morphine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dimethyl sulfate</span> Chemical compound

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a chemical compound with formula (CH3O)2SO2. As the diester of methanol and sulfuric acid, its formula is often written as (CH3)2SO4 or Me2SO4, where CH3 or Me is methyl. Me2SO4 is mainly used as a methylating agent in organic synthesis. Me2SO4 is a colourless oily liquid with a slight onion-like odour. Like all strong alkylating agents, Me2SO4 is toxic. Its use as a laboratory reagent has been superseded to some extent by methyl triflate, CF3SO3CH3, the methyl ester of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dimethylacetamide</span> Chemical compound

Dimethylacetamide (DMAc or DMA) is the organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)N(CH3)2. This colorless, water-miscible, high-boiling liquid is commonly used as a polar solvent in organic synthesis. DMA is miscible with most other solvents, although it is poorly soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dimethylamine</span> Chemical compound

Dimethylamine is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NH. This secondary amine is a colorless, flammable gas with an ammonia-like odor. Dimethylamine is commonly encountered commercially as a solution in water at concentrations up to around 40%. An estimated 270,000 tons were produced in 2005.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Isobutanol</span> Chemical compound

Isobutanol (IUPAC nomenclature: 2-methylpropan-1-ol) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CHCH2OH (sometimes represented as i-BuOH). This colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic smell is mainly used as a solvent either directly or as its esters. Its isomers are 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and tert-butanol, all of which are important industrially.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethylenediamine</span> Chemical compound

Ethylenediamine (abbreviated as en when a ligand) is the organic compound with the formula C2H4(NH2)2. This colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor is a basic amine. It is a widely used building block in chemical synthesis, with approximately 500,000 tonnes produced in 1998. Ethylenediamine is the first member of the so-called polyethylene amines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Allyl alcohol</span> Organic compound (CH2=CHCH2OH)

Allyl alcohol is an organic compound with the structural formula CH2=CHCH2OH. Like many alcohols, it is a water-soluble, colourless liquid. It is more toxic than typical small alcohols. Allyl alcohol is used as a precursor to many specialized compounds such as flame-resistant materials, drying oils, and plasticizers. Allyl alcohol is the smallest representative of the allylic alcohols.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethylamine</span> Chemical compound

Ethylamine, also known as ethanamine, is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH2NH2. This colourless gas has a strong ammonia-like odor. It condenses just below room temperature to a liquid miscible with virtually all solvents. It is a nucleophilic base, as is typical for amines. Ethylamine is widely used in chemical industry and organic synthesis. It is a DEA list I chemical by 21 CFR § 1310.02.

1,2-Dichloroethylene or 1,2-DCE is the name for a pair of organochlorine compounds with the molecular formula C2H2Cl2. The two compounds are isomers, each being colorless liquids with a sweet odor. It can exist as either of two geometric isomers, cis-1,2-dichloroethene or trans-1,2-dichloroethene, but is often used as a mixture of the two. They have modest solubility in water. These compounds have some applications as a degreasing solvent. In contrast to most cis-trans compounds, the Z isomer (cis) is more stable than the E isomer (trans) by 0.4 kcal/mol.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diethylamine</span> Chemical compound

Diethylamine is an organic compound with the formula (CH3CH2)2NH. It is classified as a secondary amine. It is a flammable, volatile weakly alkaline liquid that is miscible with most solvents. It is a colorless liquid, but commercial samples often appear brown due to impurities. It has a strong ammonia-like odor.

Diisopropylamine is a secondary amine with the chemical formula (Me2CH)2NH (Me = methyl). Diisopropylamine is a colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Its lithium derivative, lithium diisopropylamide, known as LDA is a widely used reagent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclohexylamine</span> Chemical compound

Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class. It is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants. It has a fishy odor and is miscible with water. Like other amines, it is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but it is a stronger base than its aromatic analog, aniline.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Isopropylamine</span> Chemical compound

Isopropylamine is an organic compound, an amine. It is a hygroscopic colorless liquid with ammonia-like odor. It is miscible with water and flammable. It is a valuable intermediate in chemical industry.

Butyl acrylate is an organic compound with the formula C4H9O2CCH=CH2. A colorless liquid, it is the butyl ester of acrylic acid. It is used commercially on a large scale as a precursor to poly(butyl acrylate). Especially as copolymers, such materials are used in paints, sealants, coatings, adhesives, fuel, textiles, plastics, and caulk.

References

  1. 1 2 "N-Butylamine". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. 1 2 3 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0079". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ↑ PubChem. "Butylamine". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  4. ↑ H. K. Hall, Jr. (1957). "Correlation of the Base Strengths of Amines". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79 (20): 5441–5444. doi:10.1021/ja01577a030.
  5. ↑ Rochon, Fernande D.; Buculei, Viorel (2004). "Multinuclear NMR Study and Crystal Structures of Complexes of the Types cis- and trans-Pt(amine)2I2". Inorganica Chimica Acta. 357 (8): 2218–2230. doi:10.1016/j.ica.2003.10.039.
  6. ↑ Karsten Eller, Erhard Henkes, Roland Rossbacher, Hartmut Höke, "Amines, Aliphatic" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. doi : 10.1002/14356007.a02_001
  7. ↑ "n-Butylamine MSDS" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-12. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  8. ↑ CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
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