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There have been seven national referendums in Chile since 1925.
Year | Referendum | Turnout | Yes | No | Neither | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1812 | Adoption of a provisional political constitution | Approve | |||||
1817 | Independence proposal | Approve | |||||
1818 | Adoption of a provisional political constitution | Approve | |||||
1925 | Adoption of a new political constitution | 45.4% | 94.8% | 4.1% | 1.2% | Approve | |
Year | Referendum | Turnout | Yes | No | Null | Blank | Result |
1978 | Legitimacy of Gen. Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship | a | 78.6% | 21.4% | 4.6% | Approve | |
1980 | Adoption of a new political constitution | a | 69.0% | 31.0% | 2.8% | 1.3% | Approve |
1988 | Continuance of Pinochet's rule | 97.5% | 44.0% | 56.0% | 1.3% | 1.0% | Reject |
1989 | Constitutional reforms | 93.7% | 91.3% | 8.7% | 4.6% | 1.5% | Approve |
2020 | On whether a new constitution should be drafted | 51.0% | 78.3% | 21.7% | 0.4% | 0.2% | Approve |
Year | Referendum | Turnout | MCC | CC | Null | Blank | Result |
2020 | On what kind of body should write the new constitution | 51.0% | 21.0% | 79.0% | 3.4% | 1.6% | Constitutional Convention |
Year | Referendum | Turnout | Yes | No | Null | Blank | Result |
2022 | Adoption of a proposed constitution | 85.8% | 38.1% | 61.9% | 1.5% | 0.6% | Reject |
2023 | Adoption of a proposed constitution | Reject |
a There was no electoral roll for this referendum.
Note: The percentages used in the "Yes", "No" and "Neither" columns are over the total of valid votes in each referendum. The percentages used in the "Null" and "Blank" columns are over the total votes cast in each referendum.
The current 1980 constitution provides for binding referendums only in the case that a constitutional reform passed by Congress is completely vetoed by the President and then re-approved by Congress by a two-thirds majority of each chamber. In such occurrence the President has the authority to either sign the reform into law or call for a referendum. To date, the President has not exercised such power.
The Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile of 1980 is the fundamental law in force in Chile. It was approved and promulgated under the military dictatorship headed by Augusto Pinochet, being ratified by the Chilean citizenry through a referendum on September 11, 1980, although being held under restrictions and without electoral registers. While 69% of the population was reported to have voted yes, the vote was questioned by hundreds of denunciations of irregularities and fraud. The constitutional text took effect, in a transitory regime, on March 11, 1981, and then entered into full force on March 11, 1990, with the return to electoral democracy. It was amended for the first time in 1989, and afterward in 1991, 1994, 1997, each year from 1999 to 2001, 2003, each year from 2007 to 2015, and each year from 2017 to 2021, with the last three amendments concerning the constituent process of 2020–2022. In September 2005, under Ricardo Lagos's presidency, a large amendment of the Constitution was approved by parliamentarians, removing from the text some of the less democratic dispositions coming from Pinochet's regime, such as senators-for-life and appointed senators, as well as the armed forces' warranty of the democratic regime.
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