2022 Chilean constitutional referendum

Last updated

2022 Chilean constitutional referendum
Flag of Chile.svg
4 September 2022
Do you approve the text of the New Constitution proposed by the Constitutional Convention?
Results
Choice
Votes %
Approve4,860,26638.13%
Reject7,886,43461.87%
Valid votes12,746,70097.86%
Invalid or blank votes278,0922.14%
Total votes13,024,792100.00%
Registered voters/turnout15,173,92985.84%
2022 Chilean Referendum by commune percentage.svg
Results by commune

A constitutional referendum was held in Chile on 4 September 2022, [1] in order to determine whether the public agreed with the text of a new Political Constitution of the Republic drawn up by the Constitutional Convention. It was commonly referred to as the "exit plebiscite" (plebiscito de salida). [2] [3]

Contents

The proposed constitution, which had faced "intense criticism that it was too long, too left-wing and too radical", [4] was rejected by a margin of 62% to 38%. [5] [6]

Date

The election at the National Stadium in Santiago. Votacion en el Estadio Nacional, Plebiscito Nacional de Chile 2022.jpg
The election at the National Stadium in Santiago.
'Rechazo' campaign, 1 September 2022. Cierre de campana del Rechazo en plaza Pedro de Valdivia, Santiago de Chile, septiembre de 2022.jpg
'Rechazo' campaign, 1 September 2022.

According to the itinerary originally proposed for the constituent process, it was estimated that the plebiscite to approve or reject the text of the new Constitution would take place in September 2021, if the Constitutional Convention met its term of nine months and did not request the three-month extension, or in March 2022, if it requested such an extension. [7] In addition, the exit plebiscite could not be held 60 days before or after another election, nor could it be held in January or February, which would have placed it on the first Sunday in March if an extension were requested. [8] [9]

As a result of the postponement of the first plebiscite to 25 October 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the date of the exit plebiscite was also modified. It was projected to take place during the third quarter of 2022, in September at the latest. [10] In April 2022, it was announced that the referendum would be held on 4 September. [1]

Format

Article 142 of the 1980 Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile indicates the text of the ballot in the plebiscite: [8]

In the aforementioned plebiscite, the citizens will have an electoral card that will contain the following question ... : "Do you approve the text of the New Constitution proposed by the Constitutional Convention?". Under the question posed there will be two horizontal stripes, one next to the other. The first one will have the expression "Approve" at the bottom and the second one, the word "Reject", so that the voter can mark his preference over one of the alternatives.

— Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile of 1980, article 142

There was no contingency plan in place as to what will happen if the new constitution is rejected. Chilean human rights lawyer Dinka Benítez stated that "given that 80 percent of those who voted in the plebiscite want a new constitution, it seems that Chile … will necessarily have to find a way to have a new constitution" in some form, and that a "reject" vote would not necessarily be a death knell for constitutional reform. [11]

Proposed new constitution

Party positions

ChoicePartiesPolitical orientationLeaderRef
Yes check.svg Approve Apruebo Dignidad logo.svg Apruebo Dignidad (AD) Progressivism Gabriel Boric [12]
Logo of the Democratic Revolution.svg Democratic Revolution (RD) Democratic socialism Juan Ignacio Latorre
Convergencia Social (recorte).png Social Convergence (CS) Libertarian socialism Alondra Arellano
Partido Comunes Circulo.png Commons Socialism of the 21st century Marco Velarde
Partido Comunista de Chile.svg Communist Party of Chile (PCCh) Communism Guillermo Teillier
Federacion Regionalista Verde Social (recorte).png Social Green Regionalist Federation (FREVS) Regionalism Flavia Torrealba Diaz
Logo de Accion Humanista Chile.png Humanist Action (AH) Humanism Tomás Hirsch
Logo of the Unir Movement.svg Unir Movement (UNIR) Progressivism Marcelo Díaz
Democratic Socialism (SD) Social democracy
Emblem of the Socialist Party of Chile.svg Socialist Party of Chile (PS) Social democracy Paulina Vodanovic
Partido por la Democracia emblema.svg Party for Democracy (PPD) Progressivism Natalia Piergentili
Emblema Partido Radical Chile.svg Radical Party of Chile (PR) Social liberalism Leonardo Cubillos
Logo nuevo Partido Liberal de Chile.png Liberal Party of Chile (PL) Social liberalism Vlado Mirosevic
Emblem of the Christian Democrat Party of Chile.svg Christian Democratic Party (PDC) Christian democracy Felipe Delpin [13]
Partido Humanista (corto).svg Humanist Party (PH) Universal humanism Natalia Ibáñez [14]
Partido Ecologista Verde de Chile.svg Green Ecologist Party (PEV) Green politics Félix González Gatica [15]
X mark.svg Reject Chile Vamos corto.png Chile Vamos (ChV) Liberal conservatism [16]
UDI 2017 (recorte).svg Independent Democratic Union (UDI) Conservatism Javier Macaya
Logo del Partido politico Renovacion Nacional (RN), Chile.svg National Renewal (RN) Conservatism Francisco Chahuán
Evopoli2.png Political Evolution (Evópoli) Classical liberalism Luz Poblete Coddou
Partido Republicano (Chile, 2019).svg Republican Party (PLR) National conservatism Rojo Edwards [17]
Party of the People (PDG) Populism Franco Parisi [18]

Opinion polls

The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading option's color. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the options in a poll.

Voting intention estimates

The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organizations.

Color key:

  Poll conducted after legal ban on opinion polls

Voting preferences

The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.

Results

Results
ChoiceVotes%
For4,860,26638.13
Against7,886,43461.87
Total12,746,700100.00
Valid votes12,746,70097.86
Invalid votes200,8121.54
Blank votes77,2800.59
Total votes13,024,792100.00
Registered voters/turnout15,173,92985.84
Source: SERVEL

Analysis

Celebrations for the triumph of the Rejection of a New Constitution in Chile, 4 September 2022. Celebraciones por el triunfo del Rechazo a una Nueva Constitucion en Chile, septiembre de 2022.jpg
Celebrations for the triumph of the Rejection of a New Constitution in Chile, 4 September 2022.

Chileans' views on the new constitution changed throughout the process of the Constitutional Convention. When the Constitutional Convention started meeting in August 2021, participants in a national poll were asked if they believed that the new constitution resulting from the process would help solve Chile's problems, have no effect, or worsen the current situation, 49% said it would have a positive effect, and 15% said it would have a negative effect. By May 2022, 36% of Chileans said that they believed the new constitution would have a positive effect, a drop from the previous poll. [19] In a study carried out by the independent think tank Espacio Público-IPSOS in July 2022, 38% of respondents believed that the new constitution would bring about several negative changes for the country, while 23% believed it would bring positive changes. [20]

Doubts about the representativeness of the Constitutional Convention's members may have led to its rejection. Respondents to Espacio Público-IPSOS' survey felt the members of the Constitutional Convention were unrepresentative of Chileans as a whole; 59% of respondents said they did not believe the composition of the Constitutional Convention was a good representation of the diversity of Chilean society, and 63% of respondents said they did not feel represented by the Constitutional Convention. [20]

Chileans were also skeptical of particular elements of the new constitution. The indigenous justice system, the plurinational state, and the role of Congress created the most concern. The language of the new constitution declared, "Chile is a Plurinational and Intercultural State that recognizes the coexistence of diverse nations and peoples within the framework of the unity of the State." [21] Regarding an indigenous justice system, the new constitution also declared that "pre-existing indigenous peoples and nations, as well as their members, are entitled to the full exercise of their collective and individual rights by virtue of their self-determination." [21] These new elements generated fears about internal divisions and competing sources of justice to the generally centrist Chilean citizenry. [22] [20] Participants believed that the new constitution would worsen the sale and consumption of drugs, unemployment, poverty and political corruption. [20] [23]

According to NACLA, right-wing groups and conservative media in Chile led throughout the process a negative campaign that spread misinformation about the proposed constitution and the members drafting it. [24]

Aftermath

Boric announced a new process for drafting a new constitution, with Al Jazeera writing, "Most Chileans and their politicians have agreed the constitution that dates from the dictatorship must change." Boric called on the heads of all political parties for a meeting on Monday, 5 September 2022, to chart a path forward. [25] As a result of the rejection, the incumbent 1980 Constitution will remain in force, with The Guardian writing that "Chile's future looks decidedly uncertain," and that, "Boric has expressed a willingness to repeat the constitutional process, but the basis for reform is still very much up for debate." [26] Colombian president Gustavo Petro lamented the win of the rejection vote, considering that Chile had decided to "revive Augusto Pinochet". [27]

The Economist considered that "common sense" had led Chileans to reject the proposed constitution, it also called the result a "blow" for the government of Gabriel Boric. [28]

In the aftermath of the plebiscite the internal division that the Christian Democratic Party's official support for the "Approve" option had created resurfaced, with various calls for a renewed leadership, and some calling for the explusion of members who had supported the "Reject" option. [29]

See also

Related Research Articles

Chile's abortion laws have undergone significant changes in recent years. Prior to 2017, Chile had one of the strictest abortion laws globally, prohibiting the practice altogether. However, since then, abortion has become legal in certain circumstances.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1980 Chilean constitutional referendum</span>

A constitutional referendum was held in Chile on 11 September 1980. The proposed new constitution would replace the 1925 constitution, and was approved by over two-thirds of voters.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Chile since 10 March 2022. In June 2021, President Sebastián Piñera announced that his government would sponsor a bill to legalize same-sex marriage. The Senate of Chile passed the legislation on 21 July 2021, and the Chamber of Deputies gave its approval on 23 November 2021. Disagreements on some aspects of the bill led to the formation of a mixed commission to discuss it. Both chambers of the National Congress approved an identical version of the bill on 7 December 2021. President Piñera signed the legislation into law on 9 December, and it was published in the Diario Oficial de la República de Chile on 10 December. The law took effect 90 days later, with the first same-sex marriages taking place on 10 March 2022. Chile was the sixth country in South America and the 29th in the world to allow same-sex couples to marry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in the Americas</span>

Laws governing lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights are complex and diverse in the Americas, and acceptance of LGBT persons varies widely.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protestantism in Chile</span>

Research in 2018 suggested that Protestants represent 11-13% of the population of Chile. Figures in 2022 note that Protestants represented 2.5% of Chilean people in 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Religion in Chile</span> Religious beliefs in Chile

Christianity is the most widely professed religion in Chile, with Catholicism being its largest denomination. The country is secular and the freedom of religion is established under its Constitution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ximena Rincón</span> Chilean politician

Ximena Cecilia Rincón González is a Chilean lawyer and politician. She is formerly Chile's Labor Minister and former Minister Secretary-General of the Presidency under President Michelle Bachelet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gabriel Boric</span> President of Chile since 2022

Gabriel Boric Font is a Chilean politician serving as the 37th and current president of Chile since March 2022. The leader of Apruebo Dignidad, he was member of the Chamber of Deputies for the district of Magallanes and Antarctic from 2014 to 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 Chilean constitutional referendum</span>

A constitutional referendum was held in Chile on 25 October 2020. The referendum asked the citizens whether they wanted a new constitution to be drafted, and if so, whether it should be written by a constitutional convention made up of directly elected citizens or by a mixed convention that was composed of currently serving members of Parliament and half of directly elected citizens. The "Approve" side won by a landslide, with 78% of voters agreeing to draft a new constitution. When it came to deciding how the new text should be written, 79% of voters opted for a "Constitutional Convention." The voter turnout was 51%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eye injuries in the 2019–2020 Chilean protests</span> Eye injuries sustained by protestors

The 2019–2020 Chilean protests are characterised by widespread eye injuries, including many globe ruptures, among protesters as result of Chilean riot police's use of rubber bullets and tear gas grenades. Data from the National Institute of Human Rights (INDH) shows that the use of rubber bullets and pellets by security forces has left at least 1,863 injured, including 268 with eye problems. According to the Chilean Ophthalmology Society, this is the highest number of injuries of this type registered during protests or in conflict zones in the world. In late November, security forces announced the suspension of the use of rubber pellets as a crowd control method in the protests. The INDH updated figures at the end of January 2020 reporting that 427 persons had received eye injuries at the hands of the police. Almost 90% of the injured are men. As of early January 2020 the age of injured goes from 14 to 59 years, and averages 28 years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Common Force</span> Chilean political party

Common Force was a Chilean centre-left to left-wing political party, founded in 2020 by former members of the Socialist Party of Chile and independent organisations. In August 2020, it became part of the Broad Front, a left-wing political coalition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Chilean Constitutional Convention election</span> 2021 Chilean Constitutional Convention election

An election for the members of the Constitutional Convention was held in Chile between 15 and 16 May 2021. This election was called after 78% of voters in the 2020 national plebiscite voted to write a new Constitution through this method.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constitutional Convention (Chile)</span> Chilean Constituent Assembly

The Constitutional Convention was the constituent body of the Republic of Chile in charge of drafting a new Political Constitution of the Republic after the approval of the national plebiscite held in October 2020. Its creation and regulation were carried out through Law No. 21,200, published on 24 December 2019, which amended the Political Constitution of the Republic to include the process of drafting a new constitution. The body met for the first time on 4 July 2021. Chilean President Sebastian Piñera said, "This Constitutional Convention must, within a period of 9 months, extendable for an additional 3 months, draft and approve a new constitution for Chile, which must be ratified by the citizens through a plebiscite." It ended its functions and declared itself dissolved on 4 July 2022.

Non-Neutral Independents is a loose coalition of independent candidates that was created in Chile to participate in the 2021 elections for members of the Constitutional Convention.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apruebo Dignidad</span> Chilean electoral alliance

Apruebo Dignidad was a democratic socialist Chilean electoral coalition officially created on 11 January 2021, by the Broad Front and Chile Digno in preparation for the Constitutional Convention election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elisa Loncón</span> Chilean Indigenous rights activist

Elisa Loncón Antileo is a Mapuche linguist and indigenous rights activist in Chile. In 2021, Loncón was elected as one of the representatives of the Mapuche people for the Chilean Constitutional Convention. Following in the inauguration of the body, Loncón was elected President of the Constitutional Convention. This role, along with her academic career, has placed her at the center of public attention and controversy. In particular, her formal education became a subject of public scrutiny when the Council for Transparency (CPLT) demanded the release of her academic records, igniting a debate about the intersection of race, class, and public transparency in Chile.

In the run-up to the 2025 Chilean presidential election, opinion polls are conducted to assess the intention to vote in Chile during the presidential term of Gabriel Boric. The date range for these opinion polls runs from the first measurement in October 2022, to the day the election is held, 23 November 2025.

The Expert Commission in Chile was a 24 member body created to assist in the drafting of a new constitution by the second constituent assembly. Its primary objective was to draft a constitution for the Constitutional Council before it began its work, and the commission's text was to be used as a starting point.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 Chilean constitutional referendum</span>

A constitutional referendum was held in Chile on 17 December 2023, to determine whether the public approved a new constitution drafted by an appointed committee of experts and amended by an elected Constitutional Council. The new text of the constitution was approved by the Council on 30 October and put to a vote on 17 December.

José Gabriel Alemparte Mery is a Chilean politician and current vice-president of the reformist party, Democrats.

References

Opinion poll sources
  1. ↑ "Encuesta Atlas Chile – Plebiscito de salida para una nueva constitución" (in Spanish). 3 September 2022. Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  2. 1 2 "Chile: últimos sondeos reducen los votos a favor del rechazo al plebiscito". La República (in Spanish). 3 September 2022. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  3. 1 2 "Última encuesta UDD da ventaja de 10 puntos al Rechazo y Apruebo solo vence entre jóvenes de 18 a 30 años (Lea encuesta completa)". Ex-Ante (in Spanish). 20 August 2022. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  4. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Tercera Semana de Agosto" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). 21 August 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  5. 1 2 "Encuesta Atlas: Plebiscito de salida para una nueva constitución política" (PDF). AtlasIntel (in Spanish). 19 August 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  6. 1 2 "Plebiscito Constitucional – Septiembre 2022" (PDF). Activa (in Spanish). 19 August 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  7. 1 2 "Encuesta Semanal Signos" (PDF). Signos (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  8. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Segunda Semana de Agosto" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  9. 1 2 "Plebiscito Constitucional – Septiembre 2022" (PDF). Activa (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  10. 1 2 "Encuesta Signos: distancia entre el Rechazo y el Apruebo llega a 5,7 puntos". Desenfoque (in Spanish). 12 August 2022. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  11. 1 2 "Encuesta Data Influye: Opción del Apruebo se ubica en el 47% y el Rechazo se impone con 53%". MegaNoticias (in Spanish). 10 August 2022. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  12. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Primera Semana de Agosto" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  13. 1 2 "Pulso Ciudadano – Agosto 2022" (PDF). Activa (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  14. 1 2 "Encuesta Signos: distancia entre el Rechazo y el Apruebo se reduce a sólo 7,7 puntos a un mes del plebiscito". Desenfoque (in Spanish). 5 August 2022. Archived from the original on 5 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  15. 1 2 "Barómetro del Trabajo (5 de Agosto 2022)". FIEL (in Spanish). 5 August 2022. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  16. 1 2 "Agenda Criteria – Julio 2022" (PDF). Criteria (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  17. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Cuarta Semana de Julio" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  18. 1 2 "Encuesta semanal Signos: Ventaja del "Rechazo" sobre el "Apruebo" se estrecha a poco más de 10 puntos". Desenfoque (in Spanish). 29 July 2022. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  19. 1 2 "Encuesta Criteria: Rechazo aventaja por 8 puntos al Apruebo (y los distintos escenarios según los grupos que salgan a votar)". Ex-Ante (in Spanish). 28 July 2022. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  20. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Tercera Semana de Julio" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  21. 1 2 "Pulso Ciudadano – Julio 2022" (PDF). Activa (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  22. 1 2 "Encuesta UDD". UDD (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  23. 1 2 "Encuesta semanal Signos: el apruebo recupera terreno y brecha con el rechazo se acorta a 12,5 puntos". AdPrensa (in Spanish). 23 July 2022. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  24. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Segunda Semana de Julio" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  25. 1 2 "Encuesta Signos: las principales razones de la ciudadanía para aprobar o rechazar en el plebiscito". AdPrensa (in Spanish). 16 July 2022. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  26. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Primera Semana de Julio" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  27. 1 2 "Pulso Ciudadano – Julio 2022" (PDF). Activa (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  28. 1 2 "Encuesta semanal Signos: "Rechazo" supera el 50% y amplía en 17.7 puntos su ventaja sobre el "Apruebo"". AdPrensa (in Spanish). 9 July 2022. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  29. 1 2 "Feedback: Rechazo supera por 18 puntos al Apruebo en medio de fuerte pesimismo económico (Lea encuesta completa)". Ex-Ante (in Spanish). 11 July 2022. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  30. 1 2 "FIN, Convención Constitucional, Plebiscito, Evaluación Gobierno, Economía, Tendencias". Data Influye (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  31. 1 2 "Agenda Criteria – Junio 2022" (PDF). Criteria (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  32. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Quinta Semana de Junio" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  33. 1 2 "Brecha entre el Rechazo y el Apruebo se agranda y llega a su máxima diferencia". El Mercurio (in Spanish). 3 July 2022. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  34. 1 2 "Encuesta Signos: opción rechazo supera en 16 puntos al apruebo en antesala de campaña por plebiscito constitucional". AdPrensa (in Spanish). 1 July 2022. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  35. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Cuarta Semana de Junio" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  36. 1 2 "Pulso Ciudadano – Junio 2022" (PDF). Activa (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  37. 1 2 "Informe de Prensa – El Plebiscito de Salida" (PDF). FIEL (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  38. 1 2 "Nueva Encuesta Signos arroja brecha de 15 puntos en favor del "rechazo" en plebiscito de nueva Constitución". AdPrensa (in Spanish). 25 June 2022. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  39. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Tercera Semana de Junio" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  40. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Segunda Semana de Junio" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  41. 1 2 "Pulso Ciudadano – Junio 2022" (PDF). Activa (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  42. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Primera Semana de Junio" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  43. 1 2 "Agenda Criteria – Mayo 2022" (PDF). Criteria (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  44. 1 2 "Encuesta CEP revela empate técnico entre el Apruebo y el Rechazo: 37% aún no decide su voto". Radio BíoBío (in Spanish). 9 June 2022. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  45. 1 2 "Convención Constitucional, Plebiscito, Araucanía, Gobierno, Economía e Inflación". Data Influye (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  46. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Cuarta Semana de Mayo" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  47. 1 2 "Pulso Ciudadano – Mayo 2022" (PDF). Activa (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  48. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Tercera Semana de Mayo" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  49. 1 2 "Parte III: La convención bajo presión". Datavoz (in Spanish). 31 May 2022. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  50. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Segunda Semana de Mayo" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  51. 1 2 "Pulso Ciudadano – Mayo 2022" (PDF). Activa (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  52. 1 2 "Encuesta Black&White: crece rechazo a nueva Constitución y 63% está a favor de que sea redactada por grupo de expertos". Black&White (in Spanish). 12 May 2022. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  53. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Primera Semana de Mayo" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  54. 1 2 "Convención Constitucional, Plebiscito, Evaluación del Gobierno, Economía y Pensiones". Data Influye (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 May 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  55. 1 2 "Agenda Criteria – Abril 2022" (PDF). Criteria (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  56. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Cuarta Semana de Abril" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 May 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  57. 1 2 "Pulso Ciudadano – Abril 2022" (PDF). Activa (in Spanish). 1 May 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 May 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  58. 1 2 "Con 14 puntos de ventaja: encuesta de La Cosa Nostra da como posible ganador al Rechazo con una amplia ventaja sobre el Apruebo". The Clinic (in Spanish). 29 April 2022. Archived from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  59. 1 2 "Encuesta Studio Publico" (in Spanish). 28 April 2022. Archived from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  60. 1 2 "Encuesta UDD". UDD (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 25 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  61. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Tercera Semana de Abril" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  62. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Segunda Semana de Abril" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  63. 1 2 "La señal de alerta a la Convención: pesimismo sobre el proceso constituyente sube 19 puntos en tres meses y llega a 56%". La Tercera (in Spanish). 24 April 2022. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  64. 1 2 "Pulso Ciudadano – Abril 2022" (PDF). Activa (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  65. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Primera Semana de Abril" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). 1 May 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  66. 1 2 "Panel Ciudadano: Rechazo alcanza 36%, Aprueba llega a 33% y constituyentes obtienen baja nota". El Mercurio (in Spanish). 8 April 2022. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  67. 1 2 "Agenda Criteria – Abril 2022" (PDF). Criteria (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  68. 1 2 "Convención Constitucional, Gobierno y Agenda, 5° Retiro y Tendencias". Data Influye (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  69. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Quinta Semana de Marzo" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  70. 1 2 "Pulso Ciudadano – Abril 2022" (PDF). Activa (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  71. 1 2 "Parte II: La convención bajo presión". Datavoz (in Spanish). 4 April 2022. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  72. 1 2 "Contingencia + Convención Constitucional – Marzo 2022" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  73. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Cuarta Semana de Marzo" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  74. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Encuesta UDD" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  75. 1 2 "Pulso Ciudadano – Marzo 2022" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  76. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Tercera Semana de Marzo" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  77. 1 2 "Informe Encuesta Online Feedback – Marzo 2022". Feedback (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  78. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Segunda Semana de Marzo" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  79. 1 2 "Encuesta: Mayoría optaría por seguir proceso constituyente con otra convención o el Congreso, si ganara el rechazo". El Mercurio (in Spanish). 10 March 2022. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  80. 1 2 "Convención Constitucional, Nuevo Goberino, Migración y Fin Administración Piñera". Data Influye (in Spanish). 1 May 2022. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  81. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Primera Semana de Marzo" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  82. 1 2 "Agenda Criteria – Febrero 2022" (PDF). Criteria (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  83. 1 2 "Evaluación Mensual Convención Constitucional – Febrero 2022" (PDF). Studio Publico (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  84. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Cuarta Semana de Febrero" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  85. 1 2 "Presentación Barómetro del Trabajo". FIEL (in Spanish). 21 February 2022. Archived from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  86. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Segunda Semana de Febrero" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  87. 1 2 "La convención bajo presión: ¿Cambios en la percepción ciudadana?". Datavoz (in Spanish). 21 March 2022. Archived from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  88. 1 2 "Evaluación Mensual Convención Constitucional – Enero 2022" (PDF). Studio Publico (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  89. 1 2 "Encuesta Plaza Pública – Cuarta Semana de Enero" (PDF). Cadem (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 July 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
Other
  1. 1 2 Fuentes, Cristóbal (5 April 2022). "Ya hay fecha: plebiscito de salida para votar una nueva Constitución será el 4". La Tercera. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
  2. ↑ Armaza, Christian (26 October 2020). "Plebiscito de salida: la instancia donde se aprobará o rechazará la nueva Constitución". El Día (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  3. ↑ "Plebiscito de Salida: cuándo es y por qué es urgente". chile.as.com. 13 March 2022. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  4. ↑ Schmidt, Samantha (5 September 2022). "Chilean voters decisively reject leftist constitution". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  5. ↑ "Plebiscito: Chile rechaza propuesta de nueva Constitución con histórica participación de más de 12 millones de personas". La Tercera. 4 September 2022. Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  6. ↑ "Chile votes overwhelmingly to reject new, progressive constitution". The Guardian. 5 September 2022. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  7. ↑ "Los 17 procesos electorales que deberá atravesar Chile hasta el 2022". T13 (in Spanish). 16 November 2019. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  8. 1 2 "Constitución Política de la República de Chile". LeyChile (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
  9. ↑ "El cronograma constitucional: Los pasos que vienen tras el triunfo del Apruebo en el Plebiscito". T13 (in Spanish). 26 October 2020. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  10. ↑ Gobierno de Chile. "Proceso constituyente" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  11. ↑ Harrison, Chase (20 May 2022). "A Look at What Is—and Isn't—in Chile's Constitutional Draft". AS/COA. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  12. ↑ Latorre, Rocío (6 June 2022). "Primeros pasos de cara al Apruebo: oficialismo establece una "instancia de coordinación" para campaña". La Tercera. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  13. ↑ "Democracia Cristiana irá por el Apruebo en plebiscito constitucional". T13. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  14. ↑ "Instagram". Instagram. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.[ unreliable source? ][ dead link ]
  15. ↑ "Archived copy". Twitter. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  16. ↑ Meganoticias (4 June 2022). "Partidos de Chile Vamos hacen llamado a votar "Rechazo" en plebiscito de salida". meganoticias.cl (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 June 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  17. ↑ Pérez, Graciela (17 May 2022). "Republicanos es el primer partido de oposición que rechaza borrador de la Convención: "Es una mala propuesta"". La Tercera. Archived from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  18. ↑ ADN. "Partido de la Gente irá por el Rechazo en el plebiscito de nueva Constitución". ADN (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 July 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  19. ↑ Nolte, Detlef (2022). Chile's Constitutional Reform Process Rebooted. GIGA Focus Lateinamerika. Vol. 4. Hamburg: German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Lateinamerika-Studien. doi:10.57671/gfla-22042.
  20. 1 2 3 4 "¿Cómo vemos el proceso constituyente?: Miradas a un momento histórico" (PDF). July 2022.
  21. 1 2 Tricot, Tokichen (2 April 2022). "Chile moving toward a plurinational State". Latinoamérica 21. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  22. ↑ Stuenkel, Oliver. "Chile's Rejection of the New Constitution Is a Sign of Democratic Maturity". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  23. ↑ "Why Did Chileans Reject the Draft Constitution?". NACLA. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  24. ↑ "Far Right Holds Chile Hostage". NACLA . 23 May 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  25. ↑ "Chile says emphatic no to proposed new constitution in referendum". Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  26. ↑ "Chile votes overwhelmingly to reject new, progressive constitution". TheGuardian.com . 5 September 2022. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  27. ↑ Forbes Staff (5 September 2022). "'Revivió Pinochet': Petro tras la victoria del rechazo a la nueva constitución en Chile". Forbes Colombia. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  28. ↑ "Common sense prevails as Chileans reject a new constitution". The Economist . 5 August 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  29. ↑ Muñoz, José; Saéz, Diego (10 October 2022). "Democracia Cristiana discute pasos a seguir para revertir crisis interna del partido". Radio Bío-Bío (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 October 2022.

Commons-logo.svg Media related to Chilean constitutional plebiscite, 2022 at Wikimedia Commons

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.