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Nova Kakhovka Нова Каховка | |
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Coordinates: 46°45′18″N33°22′30″E / 46.75500°N 33.37500°E | |
Country | Ukraine |
Oblast | Kherson Oblast |
Raion | Kakhovka Raion |
Hromada | Nova Kakhovka urban hromada |
Founded | 28 February 1952 |
Government | |
• Mayor (de facto) | Vladimir Leontyev [1] |
Area | |
• Total | 222.7 km2 (86.0 sq mi) |
Elevation | 21 m (69 ft) |
Population (2022) | |
• Total | 44,427 |
Postal code | 74900 |
Area code | +380 5549 |
Climate | Dfa |
Website | novakahovka.com.ua |
Nova Kakhovka (Ukrainian : Нова Каховка, IPA: [noˈwɑkɐˈxɔu̯kɐ] ; Russian : Новая Каховка, romanized: Novaya Kakhovka) is a city in Kakhovka Raion, Kherson Oblast, southern Ukraine. Nova Kakhovka has been under Russian occupation since February 2022. Its estimated population in 2022 was 44,427. [2]
Nova Kakhovka is an important port city on the east bank of the Dnieper River, where it meets the downstream end of the Kakhovka Reservoir. It forms one abutment of the Kakhovskyi Bridge over the hydroelectric Kakhovka Dam; [3] the other is located in Beryslav. [4] The city lies immediately downstream of the source of the North Crimean Canal that irrigates the Crimean Peninsula and can be said to control the seat of the channel. [5]
On 6 June 2023, the dam was deliberately destroyed, causing catastrophic drainage of the reservoir. At the time, the dam was under the control of the Russian military, which had seized it in the early days of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. [6]
A village named Klisheve was founded at the site of modern Nova Kakhovka in 1891. Nova Kakhovka proper was founded in 1951 in connection with the building of the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant (KHPP), on the site of the former Klisheve. [7]
The KHPP dam was one of the Soviet Union's Great Construction Projects of Communism . The new city was built to house the plant's construction workers. It was given the name Nova Kakhovka, or New Kakhovka, by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet to distinguish it from the city Kakhovka located 15 km (9.3 mi) away.[ citation needed ]
Schools 1 and 2 opened in the fall of 1950, [8] and on 10 October, the Dniprobud administration created a housing department tasked with building a new town of hydroelectric engineers. [9] By 20 April 1951, the foundation of the first residential building, at Karl Marx, 31, had been laid, followed by the building's opening on 30 May. [9]
In nine months, 154 km of railways were built, and on 10 February 1952, a train from Fedorivka arrived in Nova Kakhovka. At noon, a freight train originating in Chelyabinsk, Moscow, Bryansk approached the triumphal arch, where it was met by thousands of construction workers before delivering its load directly to a construction site. The railway became an important transportation artery, accelerating the construction of the hydroelectric plant, city, suburban farms, and the entire middle portion of the Kherson region. [8] After the completion of the power plant, most of the workers stayed in Nova Kakhovka.[ citation needed ]
Originally destined to remain a small 20,000-person city of hydroelectric engineers, Nova Kakhovka possessed broad development prospects beyond a highly skilled and experienced population due to its central location in Kherson region and access to cheap electricity, railways, highways and waterways, which opened the way to large-tonnage ships from the mouth of the Dnieper to the Pripyat. [8]
Until 18 July 2020, Nova Kakhovka was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and the center of Nova Kakhovka Municipality. The municipality as an administrative unit was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kherson Oblast to five, and it was merged into Kakhovka Raion. [10] [11]
The Russian occupation of Nova Kakhovka in Ukraine began on 24 February 2022, with explosions and shelling from the direction of occupied Crimea. Russian troops quickly took control of the city and its key infrastructure, including the hydroelectric power plant and canal. A family attempting to flee the city was shot by Russian troops on the dam of the power plant. [12]
Over the next few months, the city was occupied by Russian forces, and the population was subjected to pro-Russian rallies and the reopening of a Lenin monument. Ukrainian troops responded with acts of resistance, destroying Russian military units and ammunition warehouses, [13] though they were unable to put an end to the Russian presence in Nova Kakhovka.[ citation needed ]
On 9 January 2023, Russian occupation forces ordered the closing of several area hospitals, and on 20 January, the city hospital was shelled. This was followed by more mortar attacks, leading to a partial loss of electricity and damage to residential buildings. [14]
On 6 June, the Kakhovka Dam was breached, causing extensive flooding and prompting mass evacuations. [15]
The city is sometimes referred to as an oasis because it was built on an area where sand was plentiful. During the city's construction, sod was brought in to build its parks directly on the sandy ground. Architectural plans were developed to build streets and squares in harmony with the reservoir shoreline.
Climate data for Nova Kakhovka (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.6 (34.9) | 2.3 (36.1) | 7.5 (45.5) | 15.5 (59.9) | 22.2 (72.0) | 26.3 (79.3) | 28.9 (84.0) | 28.4 (83.1) | 22.7 (72.9) | 15.8 (60.4) | 7.9 (46.2) | 2.9 (37.2) | 15.2 (59.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.4 (29.5) | −1.2 (29.8) | 3.1 (37.6) | 10.2 (50.4) | 16.4 (61.5) | 20.6 (69.1) | 23.2 (73.8) | 22.8 (73.0) | 17.3 (63.1) | 11.0 (51.8) | 4.6 (40.3) | 0.1 (32.2) | 10.6 (51.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) | −4.1 (24.6) | −0.1 (31.8) | 5.7 (42.3) | 11.2 (52.2) | 15.5 (59.9) | 17.8 (64.0) | 17.4 (63.3) | 12.6 (54.7) | 7.2 (45.0) | 1.8 (35.2) | −2.4 (27.7) | 6.6 (43.9) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 30.2 (1.19) | 32.6 (1.28) | 30.8 (1.21) | 37.3 (1.47) | 40.2 (1.58) | 48.1 (1.89) | 46.8 (1.84) | 32.3 (1.27) | 39.9 (1.57) | 30.6 (1.20) | 37.9 (1.49) | 38.0 (1.50) | 444.7 (17.51) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.4 | 5.8 | 6.9 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 67.5 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 84.6 | 82.2 | 77.4 | 68.4 | 64.5 | 65.4 | 61.7 | 60.2 | 67.5 | 74.7 | 83.5 | 85.9 | 73.0 |
Source: World Meteorological Organization [16] |
Distribution of the population by ethnic groups according to the 2001 Ukrainian census: [17]
Native languages according to the 2001 Ukrainian census: [18]
The main economic activities in Nova Kakhovka are engineering (electrotechnology) and power production. Near the city, the large North Crimean Canal begins, supplying southwest Kherson Oblast and the entire northern part of the Crimea with water from the Dnieper River.
The city is located between Kherson in the west and Melitopol to the east, near European route E58, which runs from Odesa to Rostov-on-Don. The city has a non-electrified, one-track railway, an airport, a water route to the Black Sea, and a port located on the southwest part of the Khakovka Reservoir.
Stepan Faldzinsky Park, a designated protected natural area, is named after the native Polish agrarian from Podolie who created the green oasis at the Oleshky Sands. The city is also known for its "stone emroidery" - exterior moulding with traditional Ukrainian patterns done in 1953-1955 by a group of Boychukist artists.
The main cultural center of Nova Kakhovka is the Palace of Culture, which hosts regular performances of creative groups and folk ensembles, both local and from neighboring areas.
Nova Kakhovka has a museum of local history with a permanent exhibition on the history of the city, a wine museum, the house-museum of Anatoly Bakhuta, an art gallery named after Albin Gavdzinsky, libraries, a summer theater, and the "Youth" cinema, part of the Cinema Palace.
The city has three parks, squares, beaches, promenade, numerous cafés, nightclubs, a zoo and amusement park.
Nova Kakhovka has three sports schools for children and youth, 21 gyms, 110 sports grounds, a water sports base, and 13 tennis courts.
The Novokakhovska Tennis School is one of the best in Ukraine and well-known graduates include not only male (Andriy Shashkov, Maksym Dubov, Serhiy Yaroshenko, Serhiy Vergun, Oleksandr Maksymov and Dmytro Biletsky) and female players (Motobol Natalia Biletska, Yuliana Fedak and Halyna Furgailo) but also coaches (Serhiy Zhytsky, an Honored Coach of Ukraine, Serhiy Korovaiko, Andriy Dubov, Tetyana Furgailo, Olga Kushnirenko and Anatoliy Biletsky).
The Energia City Stadium hosts popular sports such as motoball and soccer. Motorcyclists won silver medals in the 2001 Ukrainian championship, and the FC Enerhiya Nova Kakhovka football team has won the regional cup 21 times and the regional championship 25 times.
Nova Kakhovka's Dynamo archery complex can simultaneously hold 70 archers on the shooting range, and the city has won the archery championships of Ukraine and the Cup of Ukraine. The city's archery team took eighth place at the 2002 championship of Ukraine. Among the city's more famous archers are Tamara Literova, Vadim Reznikov, Lyudmila Arzhannikova and Anastasia Pavlova.
Nova Kakhovka has also developed children's and youth basketball programs with the assistance of coaches like Dzyubenko N. Z., whose students have represented the city at regional competitions. The city's basketball players are part of professional teams in Kyiv, Dnipro, Cherkasy, Odesa, and Poltava.
Five weekly newspapers are published in Nova Kakhovka: the Nova Kakhovka (founded by the city council) and the private Novyny Dilovi, Klyuchi, Dniprovsikyi Prospect and Tavriiski chas publications.
Нова Каховка.City is an online city publication created in October 2017 by the Center for the Development of Deaf Children and the Abo local media development agency. [19]
Radio broadcasting services in the city are provided by the Novokakhovka City Radio Organization.
The Dnieper, also called Dnepr or Dnipro, is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. Approximately 2,200 km (1,400 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 504,000 square kilometres (195,000 sq mi), it is the longest river of Ukraine and Belarus and the fourth-longest river in Europe, after the Volga, Danube, and Ural rivers.
Kherson Oblast, also known as Khersonshchyna, is an oblast (province) in southern Ukraine. It is located just north of Crimea. Its administrative center is Kherson, on the northern or right bank of the Dnieper river, which bisects the oblast. The oblast has an area of 28,461 km2 and a population of 1,001,598. It is considered the 'fruit basket' of the country, as much of its agricultural production is dispersed throughout the country, with production peaking during the summer months.
The Dnieper Hydroelectric Station, also known as the Dnipro Dam, is a hydroelectric power station in the city of Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. Operated by Ukrhydroenergo, it is the fifth and largest station in the Dnieper reservoir cascade, a series of hydroelectric stations on the Dnieper river that supply power to the Donets–Kryvyi Rih industrial region. Its dam has a length of 800 metres (2,600 ft), a height of 61 metres (200 ft), and a flow rate of 38.7 metres (127 ft) per second.
The Kakhovka Reservoir was a water reservoir on the Dnieper River in Ukraine. It was created in 1956 by construction of the Kakhovka Dam at Nova Kakhovka. It was one of several reservoirs in the Dnieper reservoir cascade.
The Dnieper reservoir cascade or Dnieper cascade of hydroelectric power stations is a series of dams, reservoirs and hydroelectric power stations on the Dnieper river in Ukraine. It was created to prevent uncontrolled flooding and improve water transportation infrastructure. Coordination and operation of all dams on the Dnieper is conducted by government company Ukrhydroenergo. In 1970, the Kyiv dam partially prevented flooding in comparison with the 1931 Kyiv flooding.
Kakhovka is a port city on the Dnieper River in Kakhovka Raion, Kherson Oblast, of southern Ukraine. It hosts the administration of the Kakhovka urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It had a population of 34,749.
Oleshky, previously known as Tsiurupynsk from 1928 to 2016, is a city in Kherson Raion, Kherson Oblast, southern Ukraine, located on the left bank of the Dnieper River with the town of Solontsi to the south. It is the oldest city of the oblast and one of the oldest in southern Ukraine. It is known for its proximity to the Oleshky Sands, a large desert region. Oleshky is the site of artist Polina Rayko's home, a national cultural monument of Ukraine. It also hosts the administration of Oleshky urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It had a population of 24,124.
Beryslav is a city in Kherson Oblast, southern Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Beryslav Raion, housing the district's local administration buildings. Beryslav hosts the administration of Beryslav urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 11,895.
Tavriisk is a small city in Kakhovka Raion, Kherson Oblast, southern Ukraine, close to the city of Nova Kakhovka. It is located on the left bank of the Dnieper River. Tavriisk hosts the administration of the Tavriisk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It has a population of 10,108.
Enerhiya Nova Kakhovka was a Ukrainian professional football team from Nova Kakhovka in Kherson oblast. The club competed in the Ukrainian Second League since 2010.
The North Crimean Canal, formerly known as the North Crimean Canal of the Lenin's Komsomol of Ukraine in Soviet times, is a land improvement canal for irrigation and watering of Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine and the Crimean Peninsula. The canal has multiple branches throughout Kherson Oblast and Crimea, and is normally active from March until December.
The Kakhovka Dam was a dam on the Dnieper River in Kherson Oblast, Ukraine, completed in 1956 and destroyed in 2023, which provided water for the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Station. The primary purposes of the dam were hydroelectric power generation, irrigation, and navigation. It was the sixth and last dam in the Dnieper reservoir cascade.
Hornostaivka is a rural settlement in Kakhovka Raion, Kherson Oblast, southern Ukraine. It is located on the left bank of the Kakhovka Reservoir, an artificial reservoir on the Dnieper. Hornostaivka hosts the administration of Hornostaivka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It has a population of 6,290.
Velyka Lepetykha is a rural settlement in Kakhovka Raion, Kherson Oblast, southern Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Velyka Lepetykha settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The settlement is located on the left bank of the Kakhovka Reservoir, an artificial reservoir on the Dnieper. It has a population of 7,707.
Kozatske is a rural settlement in Kakhovka Raion, Kherson Oblast, southern Ukraine. It is located on the right bank of the Dnieper, separated from Nova Kakhovka on the left bank by the dam of the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant. Kozatske belongs to Nova Kakhovka urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It has a population of 3,653.
Liubymivka is a rural settlement in Kakhovka Raion, Kherson Oblast, southern Ukraine. It is adjacent to the city of Kakhovka and is located on the left bank of the Dnieper, which is dammed there creating the Kakhovka Reservoir. Liubymivka hosts the administration of Liubymivka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It has a population of 5,449.
Dnipriany, known as Brytany before 1946, is a rural settlement in Kakhovka Raion, Kherson Oblast, southern Ukraine. It is located on the left bank of the Dnieper, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) downstream of the city of Nova Kakhovka. Dnipriany belongs to Nova Kakhovka urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It has a population of 3,930.
The Dnieper campaign is a series of clashes that are occurring along the river Dnieper (Dnipro) in Kherson Oblast, Ukraine, as part of the fighting in the southern theater of the Russo-Ukrainian War. Specifically, this campaign refers to clashes along the river between the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the Russian Armed Forces during and after the Ukrainian counteroffensive to retake Kherson.
The Kakhovka Dam was breached in the early hours of 6 June 2023, causing extensive flooding along the lower Dnieper river, also called the Dnipro, in Kherson Oblast. The dam was under the control of the Russian military, which had seized it in the early days of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Many experts have concluded that Russian forces likely blew up a segment of the dam to hinder the planned Ukrainian counter-offensive. Russian authorities have denied the accusation.
The Russian-installed mayor of Nova Kakhovka, Vladimir Leontyev, said it was being evacuated as water poured in.