Obi (martial arts)

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Obis for budo. The colours range from yellow to brown corresponding to judo kyu levels from 5th to 1st. Obi-gokyu.jpg
Obis for budō. The colours range from yellow to brown corresponding to judo kyū levels from 5th to 1st.

Many Japanese martial arts feature an obi (Japanese: ) as part of their exercise outfit. Such an obi is often made of thick cotton and is about 5 cm (2 in) wide. The martial arts obi are most often worn in the koma-musubi knot (square knot); in practice where a hakama is worn, the obi is tied in other ways.

Contents

In many martial arts, the colour of the obi signifies the wearer's skill level. Such colours usually start from white for beginners and end in black or red-and-white for masters.

Description

Obi-knot.png
Jujutsu Belt Tie Standard Variation Knot Step by Step.png
Depictions of tying the obi knot for judo, aikido and karate (top) and for ju-jitsu (bottom).

The colour of the obi signifies the wearer's skill level in certain martial arts. Such colours typically start from white for beginners and progress through yellow, orange and red (in varying order), green, blue, brown, and culminating in black for masters. In some cases stripes are added to distinguish additional levels, or the rank of a master beyond the 1st dan.

The red obi has the greatest variation among martial arts rankings. In some martial arts it is used for the highest dan ranks, the founder of a style or a grandmaster, while in others it designates a low or unranked beginner.

The obi is most often tied with the koma-musubi knot, which resembles the reef knot (see diagrams).

Unrestricted use

In some Japanese martial arts the obi is hidden underneath the hakama. Pictured is a kyudoka. Kyudo Kai 01.jpg
In some Japanese martial arts the obi is hidden underneath the hakama . Pictured is a kyūdōka.

In several martial arts, an obi is worn but with a single colour across all competition classes or with a colour which carries no significance. In some of these cases, a hakama is worn which covers the obi.

Aikido

Unlike in many other martial arts, an adult practitioner of aikido does not traditionally wear a coloured obi, [3] though in some schools different colour codes have been formed, [3] especially for children. A child's obi ranges from white for beginner level to 7th kyū, other colours for the rest of the kyū levels, and black for levels 1st dan and up. [4]

In some aikido schools, wearing a hakama is a privilege earned by reaching the first dan level. In other schools, all practitioners may wear a hakama. Once using a hakama, the colour of obi does not matter since it will be covered by the hakama. [4]

Below is a typical example of obi colours by level in aikido: [3]

LevelObi colour
6th kyūyellow
5th kyūorange
4th kyūgreen
3rd kyūblue
2nd and 1st kyūbrown
1st–3rd danblack
4th–9th danblack and red, or
white and red
10th dandark blue

However, aikido schools worldwide may use their own systems with little reference to other schools save the use of a black belt for at least some dan grades.

Bujinkan Budō Taijutsu

The Bujinkan (武神館) makes use of only a limited set of belt colours, however there are also different associated uniform emblems or wappen (ワッペン), the style of which varies dependent on the grade of the Budoka. Unlike many other martial arts, the number of Dan grades extends to Jūgodan (15th Dan), and practitioners at this grade of may also be gifted the status of Dai Shihan (大師範; roughly translated as "senior instructor") by the Sōke. [5] [ better source needed ] This title also comes with its own wappen style featuring a purple background.

LevelObi colour
without grade (Mukyū)white
Kyū gradesgreen
Dan gradesblack

Judo

Below are the colours of obi worn for judo practise. Junior practitioners have a different colour range. [6] There are also other colour ranges used worldwide.

LevelObi colour
Beginnerswhite
5th kyūyellow
4th kyūorange
3rd kyūgreen
2nd kyūblue
1st kyūbrown
1st–5th danblack
6th–8th danred and white
9th and 10th danred

Ju-jitsu

The following table lists standard colours for obi used for ju-jitsu practise, [7] and alternative colours that may be used by different ju-jitsu federations.[ citation needed ]

LevelObi colour [8] Alternative [ citation needed ]
beginnerswhitered
10th–8th kyūredwhite
7th kyūwhite with
a red stripe
yellow
6th kyūyelloworange
5th kyūorangegreen
4th kyūgreenblue
3rd kyūbluepurple
2nd kyūvioletbrown and white
1st kyūbrownbrown
Shōdan-hobrown and black
("temporary black")
n/a
1st–5th danblackblack
6th dan and higherred and whiten/a

Karate

The following table shows karate ranks and the respective obi colours worn by adults in the major styles: Kyokushin, wadō-ryū, Shotokan KUGB, and Shitō-ryū.

LevelObi colour
Kyokushin [9] Wadō-ryū [10] Shotokan [11] Shitō-ryū [12]
[ better source needed ]
mukyū
(beginner)
whitewhiten/a
10th kyūorangeturquoisewhite
9th kyūorange + striperedorangeyellow/white
8th kyūblueyellowredyellow
7th kyūblue + stripeorangeyelloworange
6th kyūyellowgreengreenpurple
5th kyūyellow + stripebluepurpleblue
4th kyūgreenvioletpurple + stripegreen
3rd kyūgreen + stripebrownbrown
2nd kyūbrownbrown + stripe
1st kyūbrown + stripebrown +2 stripes
1st–10th danblack
+1 stripe per dan
black

For Kyokushin style, stripes on non-black obis can be either black or the next level's colour. Some brown obi sport white stripes. On a black obi, gold is the most common stripe colour, though some higher degree blackbelts prefer to wear a plain stripeless black obi. Note that some dojos in Kyokushin use a more elaborate striping system for children, allowing for a higher frequency of exams.

For Shokotan and Shitō-ryū styles, stripes are white. Shitō-ryū additionally has a 10th–15th dan, wearing a dark blue obi.[ citation needed ]

Ninjutsu

Ninja obi are required within JNF and WNF.

Obi colourNinjutsu level
White
Silver
Yellow2nd dan
Orange2nd dan
Red
Gold8 kyu
Pale Orange2nd dan and 8-5 kyu
Brown5th dan and 5 kyu
Green2nd dan
Blue, Purple2nd dan and 5 kyu
Black4th dan and 10 kyu
Dark Blue3rd dan and 10- 15-15 kyu

See also

Footnotes

Notes

  1. This was mentioned in Sword Art Online when Kirito and his sister fought using Kendo.[ relevant? ]

Citations

  1. Goodman p. 230–231
  2. Goodman s. 214.
  3. 1 2 3 Bennett p. 8–11
  4. 1 2 Goodman s. 70
  5. Cousergue, Arnaud (2015-05-25). "What Type Of Shihan Are You?". THOUGHTS ON BUDO.
  6. Goodman s. 134
  7. Goodman s. 101
  8. Goodman s. 101
  9. "Kyokushin Grading and Belts". www.kyokushinwla.com. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
  10. Goodman s. 32
  11. Goodman s. 52
  12. http://shitokai.com/cyber-academy/shitoryu-karate-do-grading-syllabuses [ dead link ]

Sources