Olivaceous thornbill

Last updated

Olivaceous thornbill
MonographTrochiSupplementGoul 0224.jpg
CITES Appendix II (CITES) [2]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Strisores
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Genus: Chalcostigma
Species:
C. olivaceum
Binomial name
Chalcostigma olivaceum
(Lawrence, 1864)
Chalcostigma olivaceum map.svg

The olivaceous thornbill (Chalcostigma olivaceum) is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru. [3] [4]

Contents

Taxonomy and systematics

The taxonomy of genus Chalcostigma is unsettled. The South American Classification Committee (SACC) of the American Ornithological Society is considering a proposal to merge the genus into Oxypogon . [5] The olivaceous thornbill has two subspecies, the nominate C. o. olivaceum and C. o. pallens. [3]

Description

The olivaceous thornbill is 12 to 15 cm (4.7 to 5.9 in) long. One male specimen weighed 8.2 g (0.29 oz) and a female one 6.6 g (0.23 oz). Both sexes have a short black bill. Adult males of the nominate subspecies are mostly dull dark bronzy or olive green, including the tail. The face and throat are dark sooty gray. It has a narrow gorget that is glittering green at the throat and shades through yellow, pink, and purple to blue at its bottom. The adult nominate female is essentially the same but the gorget is much smaller or may be absent. Juveniles have tan margins on some feathers; males' throats are gray brown and females' gray brown with pale margins. C. o. pallens is similar to the nominate but smaller and overall paler. The upperparts have a grayish cast to the bronzy or olive green, the tail is bronzy olive brown, and the underparts are dark sooty brown. [6]

Distribution and habitat

The nominate subspecies of olivaceous thornbill is found from Apurímac in southeastern Peru to Bolivia's La Paz Department. Its distribution is nearly continuous along this axis. C. o. pallens is found on the western slope of the Peruvian Andes between the departments of Ancash and Junín. Its distribution is more patchy, with records only at scattered sites. In elevation the species ranges between 3,500 and 4,700 m (11,500 and 15,400 ft) in Peru and 3,100 and 4,500 m (10,200 and 14,800 ft) in Bolivia. The species is most often found in somewhat humid puna grasslands but also inhabits low scrub and the edges of dense woods of Polylepis and Gynoxys . [6]

Behavior

Movement

The olivaceous thornbill is resident throughout its range. [6]

Feeding

The olivaceous thornbill feeds on both nectar and insects. Details of its diet are lacking but there is some evidence that insects predominate. It forages near the ground and has even been observed walking on matted grass. It captures small insects by sallying from the ground or by gleaning from low vegetation. Males defend feeding territories. [6]

Breeding

The olivaceous thornbill's breeding phenology is not well understood. Its breeding season appears to include January but its span is not known. It possibly nests in Polylepis/Gynoxys woods. As is typical of hummingbirds, the female alone incubates the clutch of two eggs. [6]

Vocalization

As of early 2022, [[Xeno-c anto]] had only one recording of an olivaceous thornbill vocalization, described as "a 'tzit' call". [7] Cornell University's Macaulay Library had none. [6]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the olivaceous thornbill as being of Least Concern. It has a large range but its population size is unknown and believed to be decreasing. [1] It is described as rare to uncommon in different parts of its range. "Human activity has little short-term direct effect on Olivaceous Thornbill" [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rainbow-bearded thornbill</span> Species of hummingbird

The rainbow-bearded thornbill is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bronze-tailed thornbill</span> Species of hummingbird

The bronze-tailed thornbill is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rufous-capped thornbill</span> Species of hummingbird

The rufous-capped thornbill is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blue-mantled thornbill</span> Species of hummingbird

The blue-mantled thornbill is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amethyst-throated sunangel</span> Species of humminigbird

The amethyst-throated sunangel is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flame-throated sunangel</span> Species of hummingbird

The flame-throated sunangel or little sunangel is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Purple-throated sunangel</span> Species of hummingbird

The purple-throated sunangel is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Green-tailed trainbearer</span> Species of hummingbird

The green-tailed trainbearer is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and possibly Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scaled metaltail</span> Species of hummingbird

The scaled metaltail is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black metaltail</span> Species of hummingbird

The black metaltail is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coppery metaltail</span> Species of hummingbird

The coppery metaltail is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bearded mountaineer</span> Species of hummingbird

The bearded mountaineer or eastern mountaineer is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wedge-tailed hillstar</span> Species of hummingbird

The wedge-tailed hillstar is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Argentina and Bolivia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andean hillstar</span> Species of hummingbird

The Andean hillstar is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Purple-backed thornbill</span> Species of hummingbird

The purple-backed thornbill is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Longuemare's sunangel</span> Species of hummingbird

Longuemare's sunangel is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Green-bearded helmetcrest</span> Species of hummingbird

The green-bearded helmetcrest is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blue-bearded helmetcrest</span> Species of hummingbird

The blue-bearded helmetcrest is a Critically Endangered species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of northern Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buffy helmetcrest</span> Species of hummingbird

The buffy helmetcrest is a Vulnerable species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Butterfly coquette</span> Species of hummingbird

The butterfly coquette is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

References

  1. 1 2 BirdLife International (2016). "Olivaceous Thornbill Chalcostigma olivaceum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22688027A93180787. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22688027A93180787.en . Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  2. "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. 1 2 Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2022). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 12.1. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
  4. HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved 27 May 2021
  5. Stiles, Gary; Remsen, J.V. Jr. (November 2021). "Revise generic limits in the Lesbiini: A. Expand Oxypogon to include Oreonympha and Chalcostigma, and B. Modify linear sequence". South American Classification Committee of AOS. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Schulenberg, T. S. and C. W. Sedgwick (2020). Olivaceous Thornbill (Chalcostigma olivaceum), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.olitho1.01 retrieved February 24, 2022
  7. Lane, Dan (July 15, 2015). "Olivaceous Thornbill Chalcostigma olivaceum". Xeno-Canto. Retrieved February 24, 2022.