Ordnance Factories Board

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Ordnance Factory Board
Native name
आयुध निर्माणी बोर्ड
Government Organisation
Industry Defence
Founded1802 [1]
Headquarters
Ayudh Bhawan, Kolkata
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Saurabh Kumar, IOFS
(Director General Ordnance Factories & Chairman, OFB) [2]
Products Small arms, aircraft weapons, anti-aircraft warfare, naval weapons, anti-ship warfare, anti-submarine warfare, anti-tank warfare, missiles, missile launchers, rockets, rocket launchers, bombs, grenades, mortars, mines, metals, alloys, machine tools, military vehicles, engines, armoured vehicles, parachutes, optoelectronics, chemicals, clothing, artillery, ammunition, propellants, explosives
Revenue$3 billion (₹19982.71 crores)
(2015-'16) [3] [4] [5]
Number of employees
~164,000 [6]
Website ofb.gov.in

Ordnance Factories Board (OFB) (Hindi : आयुध निर्माणी बोर्ड; IAST: Āyudh nirmāṇī borḍ) consisting of the Indian Ordnance Factories (भारतीय आयुध निर्माणियाँ; Bhāratīya āyudh nirmāṇiyān), is an industrial organisation, functioning under the Department of Defence Production of Ministry of Defence, Government of India. It is engaged in research, development, production, testing, marketing and logistics of a comprehensive product range in the areas of air, land and sea systems. OFB comprises forty-one Ordnance Factories, nine Training Institutes, three Regional Marketing Centres and four Regional Controllerates of Safety, which are spread all across the country. [7] [8]

Ministry of Defence (India) Indian government ministry responsible for military and national defence matters

The Ministry of Defence is charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to national security and the Indian armed forces. The Ministry has the largest budget among the federal departments of India and currently maintains fifth in military expenditure, among countries of the world.

Government of India Legislative, executive and judiciary powers of India

The Government of India, often abbreviated as GoI, is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India.

Contents

OFB is the world's largest government-operated production organisation, [9] and the oldest organisation run by the Government of India. [10] [11] It has a total workforce of about 164,000. [6] It is often called the "Fourth Arm of Defence", [12] [13] [14] and the "Force Behind the Armed Forces" of India. [15] [16] It is amongst the top 50 defence equipment manufacturers in the world. [4] [17] Its total sales were at $3 billion (₹19982.71 crores) in 2015-'16. [3] Every year, 18 March is celebrated as the Ordnance Factories' Day in India. [18] [19]

History

Beginning

The history and development of the Indian Ordnance Factories is directly linked with the British reign in India. The East India Company considered military hardware to be a vital element for securing their economic interest in India and increasing their political power. In 1775, the British East India company accepted the establishment of the Board of Ordnance at Fort William, Calcutta. This marks the official beginning of the Army Ordnance in India.

Colonial India European rule in India

Colonial India was the part of the Indian subcontinent which was under the jurisdiction of European colonial powers, during the Age of Discovery. European power was exerted both by conquest and trade, especially in spices. The search for the wealth and prosperity of India led to the colonization of the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492. Only a few years later, near the end of the 15th century, Portuguese sailor Vasco da Gama became the first European to re-establish direct trade links with India since Roman times by being the first to arrive by circumnavigating Africa. Having arrived in Calicut, which by then was one of the major trading ports of the eastern world, he obtained permission to trade in the city from Saamoothiri Rajah.

East India Company 16th through 19th-century British trading company

The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) or the British East India Company and informally as John Company, Company Bahadur, or simply The Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with Mughal India and the East Indies, and later with Qing China. The company ended up seizing control over large parts of the Indian subcontinent, colonised parts of Southeast Asia, and colonised Hong Kong after a war with Qing China.

Fort William, India fort in Calcutta, India

Fort William is a fort in Calcutta (Kolkata), built during the early years of the Bengal Presidency of British India. It sits on the eastern banks of the River Hooghly, the major distributary of the River Ganges. One of Kolkata's most enduring Raj-era edifices, it extends over an area of 70.9 hectares.

In 1787, a gunpowder factory was established at Ichapore; it began production in 1791, and the site was later used as a rifle factory, beginning in 1904. In 1801, Gun Carriage Agency (now known as Gun & Shell Factory, Cossipore) was established at Cossipore, Calcutta, and production began on 18 March 1802. This is the oldest ordnance factory in India still in existence. [20]

Ichapore Neighbourhood in Kolkata in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India

Ichapore or Ichhapur is a locality in North Barrackpur Municipality of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Ichhapur Defence Estate has two ordnance factories, the Rifle Factory Ishapore (RFI) and the Metal and Steel Factory (MSF) of the Ordnance Factories Board.

Cossipore Neighbourhood in Kolkata in West Bengal, India

Cossipore is a neighbourhood of north Kolkata, earlier known as Calcutta, in Kolkata district in the Indian state of West Bengal. One of the old neighbourhoods of the metropolis, it has a police station.

Growth

The growth of the Ordnance Factories Board leading to its present setup has been continuous but sporadic. There were eighteen ordnance factories before India became independent in 1947 and twenty-three factories have been established after independence, mostly in the wake of defence preparedness imperatives brought about by the wars involving India.

Main Events

Infrastructure and leadership

Headquarters

Apex Board

The Apex Board is headed by the Director General of Ordnance Factories (DGOF), who acts as the Chairman of the Board (ex officio Secretary to Government of India) and consists of nine other Members, who each hold the rank of Additional DGOF. Ordnance factories are divided into five operating divisions, depending upon the type of the main products/technologies employed. These are:

Each of the above group of factories is headed by a member/additional DGOF. The four remaining members are responsible for staff functions, viz Personnel (Per), Finance (Fin), Planning & Material Management (P&MM), and Technical Services (TS), and they operate from Kolkata.

Ordnance factories

Pune Metropolis in Maharashtra, India

Pune, is the second largest city in the Indian state of Maharashtra, after Mumbai. It is the ninth most populous city in the country with an estimated population of 3.13 million. Along with it’s proudly extended city limits Pimpri Chinchwad and the three cantonment towns of Pune, Khadki and Dehu Road, Pune forms the urban core of the eponymous Pune Metropolitan Region (PMR). According to the 2011 census, the urban area has a combined population of 5.05 million while the population of the metropolitan region is estimated at 7.27 million.

Aruvankadu town in Tamil Nadu, India

Aruvankadu is a small town located in The Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, India. It is located between Coonoor and Ooty on the NH 67, 6 km from Coonoor town and 12 km from Ooty. It is connected by frequent bus services from various towns and cities. Aruvankadu is also connected via the Nigiri Mountain Railway (NMR).

Chennai Megacity in Tamil Nadu, India

Chennai is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is the biggest cultural, economic and educational centre of south India. According to the 2011 Indian census, it is the sixth-most populous city and fourth-most populous urban agglomeration in India. The city together with the adjoining regions constitute the Chennai Metropolitan Area, which is the 36th-largest urban area by population in the world. Chennai is among the most-visited Indian cities by foreign tourists. It was ranked the 43rd-most visited city in the world for the year 2015. The Quality of Living Survey rated Chennai as the safest city in India. Chennai attracts 45 percent of health tourists visiting India, and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists. As such, it is termed "India's health capital". As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Chennai confronts substantial pollution and other logistical and socio-economic problems.

Each ordnance factory is headed by a General Manager who is in the rank of Additional Secretary to the Government of India.

Training institutes

Each OFIL is headed by a Principal Director, and NADP by a Senior Principal Director. NADP provides training to Group A officers, whilst the other eight institutes impart training to Group B and Group C employees of the ordnance factories.

Regional marketing centres

Each regional marketing centre is headed by a Regional Director.

Regional Controllerates of Safety

Each Regional Controllerate of Safety is headed by a Regional Controller of Safety.

Indian Ordnance Factories Service (IOFS)

The Indian Ordnance Factories Service (IOFS) (Hindi: भारतीय आयुध निर्माणी सेवा) is a civil service of the Government of India. IOFS officers are Gazetted (Group A) defence-civilian officers under the Ministry of Defence.

IOFS is a multi-disciplinary composite cadre consisting of technical – engineers (Civil, Electrical, Mechanical, Electronics), technologists (Chemical, Metallurgical, Textile, Leather) and non-technical/administrative (Science, Law, Commerce, Management and Arts graduates). Technical posts comprise about 87% of the total cadre. The doctors (Surgeons and Physicians) serving in OFB belong to a separate service known as the Indian Ordnance Factories Health Service (IOFHS). IOFHS officers are responsible for the maintenance of health of the employees, and the hospitals of OFB. They report directly to the IOFS officers. IOFS and IOFHS are the only two civil services under the Department of Defence Production. [22]

Recruitment

The recruitment in the Indian Ordnance Factories as a Group A officer is done by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) based on the performance in the rigorous and prestigious Engineering Services Examination (ESE) and the Civil Services Examination (CSE). [23] Engineering posts are filled through the Engineering Services Examination, while technologists are selected through interviews by UPSC. Posts in the non technical streams are filled through the Civil Services Examination. IOFS is the only cadre in which candidates are selected by all four means – CSE, ESE, interviews and promotions. IOFHS officers are selected through the Combined Medical Services Examination, conducted by UPSC. [24] [25] [26] All appointments to the Group A Civil Services are made by the President of India. [27]

Hierarchy (Group A)
GradeDesignation in the fieldDesignation in headquartersPay scale
Junior Time ScaleAssistant Works ManagerAssistant Director₹15,600-₹39,100 plus grade pay of ₹5400
Senior Time ScaleWorks ManagerDeputy Director₹15,600-₹39,100 plus grade pay of ₹6600
Senior Time Scale (Non Functional)Deputy General ManagerJoint Director₹15,600-₹39,100 plus grade pay of ₹7600
Junior Administrative Grade (Functional)Joint General ManagerDirector₹37,400-₹67,000 plus grade pay of ₹8700
Senior Administrative GradeAddl. GM / General Manager / Principal Director / Regional Director / Regional Controller of SafetyDeputy Director General₹37,400-₹67,000 plus grade pay of ₹10000
Higher Administrative GradeSenior General Manager / Senior Principal DirectorSenior Deputy Director General₹67,000-₹79,000 plus grade pay-Nil
Higher Administrative Grade (+)NilAddl. Director General & Member of the Board₹75,500-₹80,000 plus grade pay -Nil
Apex ScaleNilDirector General Ordnance Factories (DGOF) & Chairman of the Ordnance Factories Board₹80,000 (fixed) plus grade pay-Nil [28]

Products

The type of ordnance material produced is very diverse, including various small arms to missiles, rockets, bombs, grenades, military vehicles, armoured vehicles, chemicals, optical devices, parachutes, mortars, artillery pieces plus all associated ammunition, propellants, explosives and fuses. [29]

Products available to civilians

Civilians are required to hold an Arms License (issued only for non-prohibited bore category weapons) in order to buy firearms in India. The following products of the Indian Ordnance Factories Board are available for civilians:

Arms

.32 Revolver IOF-32-REV-1.JPG
.32 Revolver

Ammunition

  • Cartridge Rimfire .22" Ball
  • Cartridge SA .32" Revolver
  • Cartridge SA .315" and 30 06 Ball
  • Cartridge SA 12 Bore 70mm
  • Cartridge SA 12 Bore 65mm Special

Products not available to civilians

These products are exclusively manufactured for use by the armed forces and are not sold to civilians.

Customers

Armed Forces

The prime customers of Indian Ordnance Factories are the Indian Armed Forces viz. Indian Army, Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force. [30] [31] Apart from supplying armaments to the Armed Forces, Ordnance Factories also meet the requirements of other customers viz. the Central Armed Police Forces, State Armed Police Forces, Paramilitary Forces of India and the Special Forces of India in respect of arms, ammunition, clothing, bullet proof vehicles, mine protected vehicles etc. [32] [33]

Civil trade

Customers are in the civil sector, central/state government organisations and departments such as Indian Railways, Indian Space Research Organisation, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre, Aeronautical Development Agency, Department of Telecommunications, and State Electricity Boards. [34] [35] [36] [37] Public Sector Undertakings in India (PSUs) such as HMT Limited, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Bharat Dynamics Limited, [38] private companies and individuals etc. who purchase industrial chemicals, explosives, arms, ammunition, brass ingots, aluminium alloy products for aircraft, steel castings and forgings, vehicles, clothing and leather goods, cables and opto-electronic instruments. [39]

Exports

Arms and ammunition, weapon spares, chemicals and explosives, parachutes, leather and clothing items are exported to more than 30 countries worldwide.

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References

  1. ↑ "Indian Ordnance Factories: History". Ofb.gov.in. 1 April 1999. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  2. ↑ http://ofbindia.gov.in/index.php?lang=en&wh=board
  3. 1 2 "About Department of Defence Production - Department of Defence Production". ddpmod.gov.in. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  4. 1 2 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 2012-05-13.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
  5. ↑ "Antony reviews Ordnance Factory Board work". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 2012-04-17.
  6. 1 2 "Trends in Defence Production: Case of Ordnance Factories" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  7. ↑ "Indian Ordnance Factories: Our Factories" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  8. ↑ "Indian Ordnance Factories: OFB in Brief" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  9. ↑ "Factories of graft" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  10. ↑ "Ministry of Defence, Govt of India". Mod.nic.in. Archived from the original on 4 July 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  11. ↑ John Pike. "Ordnance Factories" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  12. ↑ "Two Centuries of Guns and Shells". Mod.nic.in. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  13. ↑ "WHAT" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  14. ↑ "Gun Carriage Factory" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  15. ↑ "Indian Ordnance Factories: About Us". Ofb.gov.in. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  16. ↑ "Page Not Found" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  17. ↑ IANS (27 February 2012). "Three Indian entities – HAL, BEL and OFB among world's top 100 arms manufacturers – Economic Times". Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  18. ↑ "The Hitavada: Latest News from India,Politics,Bollywood,Business,Sport" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  19. ↑ Our Bureau. "Business Line : Industry & Economy News : Ordnance Factory to invest Rs 15,000 cr for modernisation". Thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  20. ↑ "Indian Ordnance Factories: Gun and Shell Factory". Ofb.gov.in. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  21. ↑ National Academy of Defence Production, Nagpur (NADP)
  22. ↑ http://www.persmin.nic.in/DOPT/CSWing/CRDivision/Mail%20List%20of%20Secretaries.htm
  23. ↑ "Indian Ordnance Factories: Recruitment Rules". Ofb.gov.in. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  24. ↑ "Union Public Service Commission" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  25. ↑ "UPSC announces CMSE 2010 results". The Times Of India. 2010-09-03.
  26. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 15 April 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2014.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
  27. ↑ "Sorry for the inconvenience" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  28. ↑ "Indian Ordnance Factories: Employees in different pay bands with grade pay" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  29. ↑ "Indian Ordnance Factories: Products". Ofb.gov.in. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  30. ↑ "Weapons – Indian Navy" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  31. ↑ "Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's – IHS" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  32. ↑ "Indian Ordnance Factories: OFB in Brief". Ofb.gov.in. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  33. ↑ "Indian Ordnance Factories: Small Arms Factory" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  34. ↑ "Indian Ordnance Factories: Grey Iron Foundry" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  35. ↑ "Indian Ordnance Factories: Ordnance Factory Ambajhari" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  36. ↑ "Indian Ordnance Factories: Ordnance Cable Factory Chandigarh" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  37. ↑ "Indian Ordnance Factories: Ordnance Factory Itarsi" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  38. ↑ "Indian Ordnance Factories: Heavy Alloy Penetrator Project" . Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  39. 1 2 "Indian Ordnance Factories: Customers". Ofb.gov.in. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  40. ↑ Pratim Ranjan Bose (29 September 2011). "Business Line : OTHERS / EDITORIAL FEATURE : We're making Ordnance factories future ready, says OFB Chairman Dimri". Thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  41. ↑ "Indian defence exports valued at Rs.997 crore". Yahoo News India. 12 December 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  42. ↑ http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/html/export_toplist.php
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