The Lamiaceae or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, and perilla, as well as other medicinal herbs such as catnip, salvia, bee balm, wild dagga, and oriental motherwort. Some species are shrubs, trees, or, rarely, vines. Many members of the family are widely cultivated, not only for their aromatic qualities, but also their ease of cultivation, since they are readily propagated by stem cuttings. Besides those grown for their edible leaves, some are grown for decorative foliage. Others are grown for seed, such as Salvia hispanica (chia), or for their edible tubers, such as Plectranthus edulis, Plectranthus esculentus, Plectranthus rotundifolius, and Stachys affinis. Many are also grown ornamentally, notably coleus, Plectranthus, and many Salvia species and hybrids.
Solenostemon is a former genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It has been included in the genus Plectranthus, but is now included in an expanded Coleus. They are native to tropical Africa, Asia and Australia. Some species formerly placed in this genus are cultivated for their highly variegated leaves.
Ocimum is a genus of aromatic annual and perennial herbs and shrubs in the family Lamiaceae, native to the tropical and warm temperate regions of all 6 inhabited continents, with the greatest number of species in Africa. It is the genus of basil and the name is from the Ancient Greek word for basil, ὤκιμον. Its best known species are the cooking herb great basil, O. basilicum, and the medicinal herb tulsi, O. tenuiflorum.
Basilicum is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1802. It contains only one known species, Basilicum polystachyon, native to Africa, Madagascar, southern Asia, New Guinea, Australia, and various islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
Orthosiphon is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae native to Africa, Southern Asia and Queensland, with one species (O. americanus) in Colombia. They are herbaceous shrubs which grow to a height of 1.5 m (5 ft). Some Orthosiphon species are popular garden plants because of their flowers, which are white and bluish with filaments resembling a cat's whiskers. In the wild, the plants can be seen growing in forests and along roadsides.
Orthosiphon stamineus is a herb that is widely grown in tropical areas. It is also known as Orthosiphon aristatus. The plant can be identified by its white or purple flowers bearing long, protruding stamens that resemble cats' whiskers. It is also commonly referred as "Misai Kucing" (Malaysian) or "Kumis Kucing"(Indonesian) which means cat whiskers. The herb is popularly known as Java tea and is used widely in the form of herbal tea in Asia. Java tea was possibly introduced to the West in the early 20th century. The brewing of Java tea is similar to that for other teas. It is soaked in hot boiling water for about three minutes, and honey or milk is then added. It can be easily prepared as garden tea from the dried leaves. There are quite a number of commercial products derived from Orthosiphon stamineus. Cultivation areas and post-harvesting method can significantly affect the quality of the herb.
Monarda fistulosa, the wild bergamot or bee balm, is a wildflower in the mint family Lamiaceae, widespread and abundant as a native plant in much of North America. This plant, with showy summer-blooming pink to lavender flowers, is often used as a honey plant, medicinal plant, and garden ornamental. The species is quite variable, and several subspecies or varieties have been recognized within it.
Coleus caninus, synonym Plectranthus caninus, is a herb from the mint family Lamiaceae, native to southern and eastern Africa from Angola to Sudan and to India and Myanmar.
Coleus scutellarioides, commonly known as coleus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to southeast Asia through to Australia. Typically growing to 60–75 cm (24–30 in) tall and wide, it is a bushy, woody-based evergreen perennial, widely grown for the highly decorative variegated leaves found in cultivated varieties. Another common name is painted nettle, reflecting its relationship to deadnettles, which are in the same family. The synonyms Coleus blumei, Plectranthus scutellarioides and Solenostemon scutellarioides are also widely used for this species.
Ocimum americanum, known as American basil, lime basil, or hoary basil, is a species of annual herb in the family Lamiaceae. Despite the misleading name, it is native to Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, China, and Southeast Asia. The species is naturalized in Queensland, Christmas Island, and parts of tropical America.
Anisomeles malabarica, more commonly known as the Malabar catmint, is a species of herbaceous shrub in the family Lamiaceae. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of India, and Sri Lanka, but can also be found in Malaysia, Bangladesh, Myanamar, Bismarck Archipelago, Mauritius, Andaman Is. and Réunion. Growing up to 2 m high, it has narrow green leaves 3–8 cm in length, and 1.5–3 cm wide. It is pollinated by sunbirds and carpenter bees, and bears purple flowers in mid spring, though it may also bear the flowers throughout the year. Originally used in Sri Lankan and Hindi folk medicine, the current main uses are medicinal, aromatics and cosmetics.
Coleus is a genus of annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, sometimes succulent, sometimes with a fleshy or tuberous rootstock, found in the Old World tropics and subtropics. The relationship among the genera Coleus, Solenostemon and Plectranthus has been confused. Coleus and Solenostemon were sunk into Plectranthus, but recent phylogenetic analysis found Plectranthus to be paraphyletic with respect to other related genera in the subtribe Plectranthinae. The most recent taxonomic treatment of the genus resurrected Coleus, and 212 names were changed from combinations in Plectranthus, Pycnostachys and Anisochilus. Equilabium was segregated from Plectranthus, after phylogenetic studies supported its recognition as a phylogenetically distinct genus.
Anisochilus is a genus in the family Lamiaceae, commonly called as Kapuri first described in 1830. It is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, and Indochina. Has healing properties that deal with treatment for ailments known as gastric ulcer and helps with dermis issues. Anisochilus also has active properties such as camphor, leutiolin, and apigenin. A new hygrine-like compound has been found within the DNA of this plant.
Capitanopsis is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1916. It contains six known species, all endemic to Madagascar.
Gomphostemma is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, first described in 1830. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, and the Indian subcontinent.
- Gomphostemma aborensisDunn - Arunachal Pradesh
- Gomphostemma arbusculumC.Y.Wu - Yunnan
- Gomphostemma callicarpoides(Yamam.) Masam. - Taiwan
- Gomphostemma chinenseOliv. - Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi, Vietnam
- Gomphostemma crinitumWall. ex Benth. - Indochina, Yunnan, Assam, Bangladesh
- Gomphostemma curtisiiPrain - Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo
- Gomphostemma deltodonC.Y.Wu - Yunnan
- Gomphostemma dolichobotrysMerr. - Sumatra
- Gomphostemma eriocarpumBenth. - southern India
- Gomphostemma grandiflorumDoan ex Suddee & A.J.Paton - Vietnam
- Gomphostemma hainanenseC.Y.Wu - Hainan
- Gomphostemma hemsleyanumPrain ex Collett & Hemsl. - Java, Myanmar
- Gomphostemma heyneanumWall. ex Benth. - southern India
- Gomphostemma hirsutumWalsingham - Sabah
- Gomphostemma inopinatumPrain - Myanmar
- Gomphostemma javanicum(Blume) Benth. - Indochina, Andaman Islands, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Philippines
- Gomphostemma keralensisVivek., Gopalan & R.Ansari. - Kerala
- Gomphostemma laceiMukerjee - Myanmar
- Gomphostemma latifoliumC.Y.Wu - Yunnan, Guangdong
- Gomphostemma leptodonDunn - Guangxi, Vietnam
- Gomphostemma lucidumWall. ex Benth. - Indochina, Assam, Bangladesh, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan
- Gomphostemma mastersiiBenth. ex Hook.f. - Assam, Bangladesh, Thailand
- Gomphostemma melissifoliumWall. ex Benth. - Assam, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal
- Gomphostemma microcalyxPrain - Borneo, Malaya, Sumatra
- Gomphostemma microdonDunn - Yunnan, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
- Gomphostemma nayariiA.S.Chauhan - Assam
- Gomphostemma niveumHook.f. - Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Vietnam
- Gomphostemma nutansHook.f. - Assam, Myanmar
- Gomphostemma ovatumWall. ex Benth. - Assam, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal
- Gomphostemma parviflorumWall. ex Benth. - Assam, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Yunnan, Indochina, Borneo, Java, Sumatra
- Gomphostemma pedunculatumBenth. ex Hook.f. - Assam, Yunnan, Vietnam
- Gomphostemma pseudocrinitumC.Y.Wu - Guangxi
- Gomphostemma salarkhanianumKhanam & M.A.Hassan - Sylhet District in Bangladesh
- Gomphostemma scortechiniiPrain - Myanmar, Thailand, Malaya
- Gomphostemma stellatohirsutumC.Y.Wu - Yunnan
- Gomphostemma strobilinum Wall. ex Benth. - Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
- Gomphostemma sulcatumC.Y.Wu - Yunnan
- Gomphostemma thomsoniiBenth. ex Hook.f. - Assam
- Gomphostemma velutinumBenth. - Assam, Bangladesh
- Gomphostemma wallichiiPrain - Assam, Myanmar, Thailand
Mosla is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described as a genus in 1875. It is native to eastern Asia, the Himalayas, and southeastern Asia.
- Mosla bracteataDoan ex Suddee & A.J.Paton - Vietnam
- Mosla cavalerieiH.Lév.- Vietnam, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang
- Mosla chinensisMaxim. - Vietnam, Korea, Japan, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang
- Mosla coreanaH.Lév. - Korea
- Mosla dianthera(Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Maxim. - China, Japan, Korea, Ryukyu Islands, Kuril Islands, Primorye, Caucasus, Himalayas, Myanmar, Vietnam, Philippines, Sumatra
- Mosla exfoliata(C.Y.Wu) C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li - Sichuan
- Mosla hangchouensisMatsuda - Zhejiang
- Mosla japonica(Benth. ex Oliv.) Maxim. - Japan, Korea, Ryukyu Islands
- Mosla longibracteata(C.Y.Wu & S.J.Hsuan) C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li - Guangxi, Zhejiang
- Mosla longispica(C.Y.Wu) C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li - Jiangxi
- Mosla pauciflora(C.Y.Wu) C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li - Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan
- Mosla punctulataNakai - Korea, Taiwan, Japan, China
- Mosla scabra(Thunb.) C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li - Vietnam, Korea, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang
- Mosla soochouensisMatsuda - Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang
- Mosla tamdaoensisPhuong - Vietnam
Platostoma is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, first described as a genus in 1818. It is native to tropical parts of Africa, southern Asia, Papuasia, and Australia. Mesona and Acrocephalus has been known as its synonyms.
Nepetoideae is a subfamily of plants in the family Lamiaceae.
Coleus comosus, synonym Plectranthus ornatus, is a flowering plant from the mint family Lamiaceae, native to eastern Africa.
