Oshkosh NGDV

Last updated
Oshkosh NGDV
USPS NGDV at CES.png
Overview
ManufacturerOshkosh Corporation
Model years 2024–present
AssemblySouth Carolina, United States
Body and chassis
Class Mail truck
Layout FWD or AWD
Powertrain
Engine 2.0 L (122 cu in) Ford EcoBoost (ICE)
Electric motor Bosch permanent-magnet
Transmission 8F35 8-speed automatic (ICE)
Battery 94 kW-hr Li-ion
Electric range 70 mi (110 km) (est.)
Dimensions
Wheelbase 3,226 mm (127 in) [1]
Length20 ft (235.75 in) [1]
Width7 ft (84.5 in) [1]
Height9 ft (111 in) [1]
Curb weight 2,522–3,025 kg (5,560–6,670 lb) [2] : Tables 3-1.2 and 3-1.3 
Chronology
Predecessor

The OshkoshNext Generation Delivery Vehicle (NGDV) is a mail truck for the United States Postal Service (USPS). The contract award, made to Oshkosh Defense, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Oshkosh Corporation, in February 2021, is valued at $6 billion. Up to 160,000 vehicles will be built in a new South Carolina factory. [3] [4] Four variants of the NGDV are expected to be in fleet use: both gasoline-powered and battery-electric, in either front wheel drive or all wheel drive. [5] The USPS was scheduled to receive the vehicles in June 2024; [6] the first vehicles were delivered and began operating that August. [7]

Contents

History

The USPS operates a large fleet of vehicles; most local deliveries have used the Grumman LLV since 1987 Portland Main Post Office - USPS Trucks (25072110600).jpg
The USPS operates a large fleet of vehicles; most local deliveries have used the Grumman LLV since 1987

On January 20, 2015, the USPS released solicitation RFI-NGDV for the Next Generation Delivery Vehicle. [8] On February 13, 2015, it was announced that General Motors was actively pursuing this new contract, which would have them provide the USPS with 180,000 new vehicles at a cost of at least $5 billion. [9] At the time, the first NGDVs were scheduled to begin delivering mail by 2018. [10] Potential bidders had until March 5, 2015 to submit comments and pre-qualification responses. The USPS then selected 15 prequalified companies that would receive the RFP for prototype development, which was issued on April 14, 2015; General Motors was not on the prequalified list. [8] The prototype RFP was issued on October 20, 2015, and updated on December 1, including a Statement of Objectives (SOO) providing preliminary NGDV specifications and target requirements and a Statement of Work providing a sample driving cycle. [11]

Design specification

Under the draft design specification issued in January 2015, the NGDV was to have a minimum life of 12 years and a target life of 20 years; the cargo area was required to enclose a minimum volume of 4.38 m3 (155 cu ft) with a minimum payload capacity of 680 kg (1,500 lb). [8] : Spec §1.1  Vehicles were required to be able to maintain a speed of 65 mph (105 km/h) on level roads, accelerating to that speed within 35 seconds. In addition, vehicles were required to maintain 45 mph (72 km/h) on a 2.5% grade and be capable of stopping, then ascending slopes of up to 20% grade in both forward and reverse. [8] : Spec §3.4 

In the prototype RFP, these requirements were updated to include the delivery of six prototype examples in two sizes: a "standard" vehicle accommodating 155 cu ft (4.4 m3) of cargo and a "small" vehicle with 121 cu ft (3.4 m3), with both sizes not to exceed 112 in (2,800 mm) of height. [12] : §3.5  The minimum sustained road speed was 60 mph (97 km/h) with a grade of up to 1% at an altitude of 3,000 ft (910 m) or less, [12] : §4.1, 4.3  with a minimum operating range of 70 mi (110 km) including 600 stops and starts [12] : §3.4  while using the heating and air conditioning systems and accessories at their maximum settings, [12] : §3.4  to maintain cabin temperatures of 65–85 °F (18–29 °C) when ambient temperatures are −30–120 °F (−34–49 °C). [12] : §3.8  The cargo area was required to accommodate heights ranging up to the 95th percentile male without stooping while setting the maximum exterior height at 122 in (3,100 mm). [12] : §3.5  The maximum target unit price was US$35,000. [12] : §4.1 

Prototype competition

On September 22, 2016, the United States Postal Service awarded the NGDV Prototype Contract to six selected suppliers: AM General (in partnership with Emerald Automotive), Karsan (in partnership with Morgan Olson), Mahindra, Oshkosh (in partnership with Ford), Utilimaster, and a joint-venture bid involving Workhorse and VT Hackney. Half of the prototypes were to feature hybrid and new technologies, including alternative fuel capabilities. The prototypes represented a variety of vehicle sizes and drive configurations, in addition to advanced power trains and a range of hybrid technologies. [13]

The prototypes were delivered to the USPS in late September 2017. [14] [15] Examples from AM General, Karsan, Mahindra, Oshkosh, and VT Hackney/Workhorse were spotted while undergoing testing in 2017 and 2018. [16] [17] Vehicle testing took place at the Transportation Research Center (East Liberty, Ohio), supplemented by component testing in Bohemia, New York and field testing in Flint and Utica, Michigan; Alexandria and Manassas, Virginia; and Tempe, Tucson, and Apache Junction, Arizona. [18] However, many of the prototypes exhibited "critical safety failures during the prototype testing phase, including brake failures and leaking fuel tanks", [19] and the USPS returned all the prototypes to the Transportation Research Center for rework in November 2017; testing resumed in April 2018 and was completed in March 2019. [18]

The Oshkosh prototype was derived from the Ford Transit commercial van, [20] while the Karsan prototype combined a purpose-built tall body by Morgan Olson, allowing mail carriers to stand upright in the cargo area, with a plug-in hybrid gasoline-electric drivetrain. [21] [22] The Mahindra prototype also used a boxy, bespoke body with a short hood, [23] similar in appearance to the VT Hackney/Workhorse prototype, [24] which was equipped a battery-electric powertrain with a gasoline-powered range extender. [15] The AM General prototype used switchgear from Geely/Volvo and a start-stop system to reduce fuel consumption rates. [25] According to Emerald Automotive officials, the AM General/Emerald and Oshkosh/Ford vehicles were leading the candidates, as the other vehicles required constant repair and towing from the test track. [26]

Numerous candidates resigned from the NGDV prototype competition before the USPS selected the winner, as competition results and selection of a winning prototype had been expected in late 2016, but these were not announced until 2021, [26] in part due to delays in assembling the prototypes; because the candidate suppliers only had 18 weeks to assemble and perform internal testing before shipping the prototypes to USPS, many vehicles were faulty and the USPS returned the entire initial batch. [19] In addition, testing was extended by three to eight months because USPS added durability and simulated field tests during the competition; testing was not completed until March 2019. [19] With testing complete, USPS met with the manufacturers and the National Association of Letter Carriers (NALC) to finalize the specifications, which were issued in June 2019. [18]

Utilimaster withdrew from the competition in February 2017, [27] and London Electric Vehicle Company, which was supplying powertrain technology to AM General, announced in December 2018 they would not participate past the prototype stage. [28] [29] Workhorse bought out VT Hackney in December 2019 after the latter company withdrew from the competition. [28] [30] Final bids from the vendors to the revised specification were delivered in July 2020, delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic. [18] However, Mahindra pulled out in August 2020, citing financial issues. [31] By December 2020, just Karsan, Oshkosh, and Workhorse were left. [32] Final technical and financial reviews were completed in January 2021. [18]

Award

In February 2021, the contract was awarded to Oshkosh Defense, a wholly owned subsidiary of Oshkosh Corporation in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. [33] [34] The competitively awarded indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contract allows for the delivery of between 50,000 and 165,000 vehicles over a period of 10 years. Under the initial contract USPS has committed to pay Oshkosh Defense $482 million to initiate engineering efforts to finalize the production vehicle design, and for tooling and factory build-out activities that are necessary prior to vehicle production. [35]

The Workhorse Group, an electric truck builder based in Loveland, Ohio and one of the losing bidders, initially protested the award to Oshkosh by filing a lawsuit, [36] but dropped the case in September 2021, one day before the case would be heard in court. [37]

USPS placed its first order in March 2022, at a contract value of $2.98 billion, for 50,000 NGDVs, of which at least 10,019 will be the battery-electric variant; [38] the average per-unit cost of an NGDV is $59600. The first deliveries of NGDVs were expected in 2023. The exact number of electric NGDVs is flexible and can be adjusted in the future. [39] After the USPS was sued by multiple groups in April 2022 to block the procurement, [40] the USPS announced plans in July to increase the proportion of electric NGDVs in the initial procurement to 50% and add 34,500 more commercially-available battery-electric vehicles. [41] Later that December, the USPS announced the addition of $3 billion from the Inflation Reduction Act would allow the procurement of 45,000 battery-electric NGDVs out of at least 60,000 NGDVs in total, to be delivered by 2028. Mail delivery using the first NGDVs was still expected to start in late 2023. [42]

Production

In June 2021, Oshkosh stated that after a long search, the company will assemble the new mail truck at a new, dedicated factory in Spartanburg, South Carolina, and will employ more than 1,000 local non-union workers. [43] In Spartanburg, Oshkosh Defense is refitting a large warehouse at the Flatwood Industrial Park that previously was used by Rite Aid as a distribution center; [44] when complete, the building will be used for NGDV production. [45] Oshkosh expects to spend $155 million to retool the facility. South Carolina provided a $9 million grant and a 40% discount on property taxes for 40 years. [46]

The announcement that production would take place in South Carolina using non-union labor was criticized as a bait-and-switch scheme by multiple politicians who had expected the vehicles to be built by unionized workers [47] in Oshkosh's home state of Wisconsin. [48] [49] Senator Ron Johnson (R-WI) declined to challenge the company to relocate production to his home state: "It's not like we don't have enough jobs here in Wisconsin. The biggest problem we have in Wisconsin right now is employers not being able to find enough workers." [50] According to Johnson, Oshkosh had approached Foxconn to inquire if Oshkosh could lease space at the nascent Foxconn facility in Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin for NGDV production, but the two companies were unable to reach an agreement. [51]

The House Committee on Oversight and Reform sent letters to Oshkosh officials in March 2022, seeking insight into the company's reasons to build the NGDV factory in Spartanburg rather than retooling existing factories in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. [52] The president of Oshkosh Defense, John Bryant, had stated previously the minimum size for the NGDV factory was 825,000 sq ft (7.66 ha), and it did not own any buildings in Wisconsin that were large enough to accommodate NGDV production. [53] State Representative Gordon Hintz (D-Oshkosh) noted that Foxconn's Mount Pleasant facility was sufficiently large, and speculated that negotiations between Oshkosh and Foxconn may have broken down over who would assume responsibility for manufacturing: "I don't think Foxconn originally wanted to be a landlord". Hintz concluded that "if two years pass and there's nothing in [Foxconn's] million-square-foot facility when we could have been producing postal trucks, you know, under this contract, we'll look back at it as a missed opportunity." [51] A NGDV technical center will be established in the buildings owned by the company in its eponymous Oshkosh, Wisconsin location for engineering and technical support, [52] employing approximately 100. [46]

Changes to battery-electric drivetrain proportion

Shortly after the contract was awarded to Oshkosh in February 2021, Postmaster General Louis DeJoy appeared before the United States House of Representatives, where he testified only 10% of the planned NGDVs would be battery electric vehicles (BEVs). [54] In response to an enquiry from Representative Jackie Speier asking why the new fleet was not 90% BEV instead of 10% BEV, DeJoy stated that 90% BEV target would require "3 or 4 extra billion [dollars]" to implement. [55] In fact, an order of 75,000 BEV trucks was estimated to cost an extra $2.3 billion compared to a 10% BEV fleet. [40]

Right-hand drive Mercedes Metris have been used by the USPS and were evaluated as a potential alternative to NGDV procurement USPS Mercedes-Benz Metris Mail Truck 2021; Taylor, Michigan.jpg
Right-hand drive Mercedes Metris have been used by the USPS and were evaluated as a potential alternative to NGDV procurement

The Final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for NGDV procurement, published in January 2022, [56] concluded the preferred alternative was "to purchase and deploy up to 90 percent ICE [ internal combustion engine ] NGDV with at least 10 percent BEV NGDV." [2] : iii  The EIS evaluated four alternative scenarios: [2] : 3-4 to 3-6 

According to the EIS, it would cost $11.6 billion to implement a 100% BEV NGDV fleet, $3.3 billion more than the split 10% BEV / 90% ICE NGDV fleet alternative. [57] At approximately the same time, President Joe Biden issued Executive Order 14057 in December 2021, which mandated that all light-duty vehicles purchased for U.S. government fleets must be BEVs starting in fiscal year 2027, and by 2035, all new federal fleet vehicle procurements, including heavy-duty trucks, must be BEVs. [58] One critic noted the incremental amount to implement an all-BEV NGDV fleet, while onerous, was relatively small in relation to other government projects and would reduce carbon emissions by 537,000 t (592,000 short tons) in tailpipe emissions. [59] Researchers at the University of Michigan's School for Environment and Sustainability found the EIS underestimated lifetime emissions associated with the split 10/90 NGDV scenario, and overestimated lifetime emissions associated with the all-BEV NGDV scenario, providing even greater benefits for pursuing the all-electric procurement. [60]

In February 2022, the EPA criticized the preferred alternative, [61] stating the EIS "fails to consider more environmentally protective feasible alternatives and inadequately considers impacts on communities with environmental justice concerns." [62] In addition, although analyses demonstrated that 95% of its routes could be electrified, considering the nominal 70 mi (110 km) range of the BEV NGDVs, just 10% of NGDVs would be procured as BEVs. [63] Despite the criticism, USPS and Oshkosh announced that it would proceed with the preferred alternative: only 10% (5,000) of the initial order of Oshkosh NGDVs will be manufactured as BEVs, [64] while the remaining 90% of the NGDV fleet will be manufactured as low-emission ICE vehicles. [65] [66] [67]

The USPS and Oshkosh defended the NGDV procurement plan, noting that ICE-powered versions have been designed to be converted to BEV powertrains if required. [55] However, Senators Ed Markey and Martin Heinrich, joined by other members of Congress and environmental organizations, sent a letter in February 2022 [68] criticizing USPS and Oshkosh following the implementation of the preferred alternative, singling out the vehicles' inefficiency and the use of incorrect data in their environmental impact statement. [69] Other groups joining the criticism included the EPA, the Biden Administration, [70] Zero Emission Transportation Association, climate activists, and the Congressional Progressive Caucus of the Democratic Party, [68] collectively criticizing Oshkosh and the United States Postal Service for ignoring Executive Order 14057 and proceeding with the 10/90 split procurement. [71]

The proportion of BEV NGDVs in the initial order of 50,000 was increased to 20% in March 2022. [40] Lawsuits were filed in April 2022 against the USPS by 16 states, six non-profit groups, the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, the District of Columbia, and the city of New York, demanding a more stringent environmental review or changing the proportion of BEV NGDVs to 100%. [72] During the May 2022 National Post Forum, the USPS confirmed that it will increase the number of BEV NGDVs in the initial order. [73] This means that at least 10,019 NGDV vehicles will be manufactured as BEVs. [74] [75]

In July 2022, USPS revised the initial order to now have at least 50% of the NGDV vehicles to be manufactured as BEVs. [76] The Inflation Reduction Act allocated an additional $3 billion for the electrification of the NGDV fleet. [4] In December 2022, USPS announced that 75% of its initial order of 60,000 NGDVs would be BEVs. By 2026, all new NGDVs ordered will be delivered as BEVs. [77] In March 2023, Florida-based EV charger manufacturer Blink Charging Co. announced it was awarded an IDIQ (indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity) contract for up to 41,500 chargers. [78] [79]

Delayed delivery

Preproduction versions were shown at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas for 2022 [5] and again for 2023, [80] where attendees could participate in "Operation On-The-Move", a three-player competitive video game to deliver packages. [81]

As reported by Reuters in May 2023, initial deliveries were delayed from 2023 to June 2024. USPS has committed to acquire 66,000 electric vehicles through 2028, of which 45,000 are NGDVs and 9,250 are Ford E-Transit vans. [82] The E-Transit vans were scheduled to arrive by the end of 2023. [83] In August 2024, the first vehicles were delivered and began operating delivery routes in Augusta, Georgia. [7]

Design

Overview

Described as the 'duck-billed option', Oshkosh's NGDV has been designed to maximize interior volume and outward visibility for drivers who will be required to move against traffic in pedestrian-heavy areas. It is also tall enough for a person to stand inside and work. Current-generation automotive safety features employed by the design include airbags, a 360-degree camera, automatic emergency braking, and collision avoidance systems. The sliding door cab is air-conditioned. [84] [85]

The contract calls for a minimum order of 50,000 NGDVs, with options for up to 165,000, delivered over a 10-year period; the first NGDVs were scheduled to enter service in 2023. [86] Initially, USPS announced that 5,000 vehicles in the first order will be battery-electric, [64] the remainder using an internal combustion engine. The proportion of all-electric NGDVs being ordered has increased since then in response to sharp criticism of the original plan. [87]

Drivetrain

There are four planned variants: either an internal combustion engine or battery-electric powertrain, both of which will have options for either two- or four-wheel drive. [5] The 2WD ICE model will have 4,112 purchased parts; the 4WD ICE model has 3,995 parts in common with the 2WD ICE model, while BEV variants have 3,297 and 3,196 parts in common with the 2WD ICE for the 2WD and 4WD BEV models, respectively. [1]

Either powertrain option can be built for future orders, and models with an ICE can be converted to battery-electric if required. [54] Ford has been announced as the drivetrain subsystem supplier, including engines, traction motors, and transmissions. [88] Ford Component Sales also will provide Oshkosh with key parts for suspensions and other components, including cabin interiors. [89] The earlier Oshkosh prototype evaluated during testing was based on the Ford Transit van. [84] [85]

The ICE will be a Ford EcoBoost 2.0L turbocharged 4-cylinder gasoline engine. [1] At CES 2022, the video display accompanying the NGDV display showed specifications for the EcoBoost and 8-speed automatic transmission that will be used in the ICE-drivetrain variant. The EcoBoost has a peak output of 250 hp (190 kW) at 5,500 RPM and 275 lb⋅ft (373 N⋅m) at 3,000 RPM, but this was de-rated to 206 lb⋅ft (279 N⋅m) for reliability. [1]

The electric variant has a Bosch-sourced eAxle drive unit [90] and a 94 kW-hr lithium-ion battery using nickel-manganese-cobalt chemistry. [2] : Table 3-1.3  The eAxle drive unit is a traction motor with an integrated reduction gearbox and inverter. The permanent magnet AC traction motor has a peak output of 150 kW (200 hp) and a continuous output of 70 kW (94 hp); power is supplied to the wheels through the gearbox with an 11.8:1 ratio. The inverter uses silicon IGBT circuitry. [90]

Fuel economy and range

The ICE variant has an estimated fuel efficiency of 14.7 mpg‑US (16.0 L/100 km), decreasing to 8.6 mpg‑US (27 L/100 km) when the air conditioning is on. [91] [2] : Table 3-1.2  For comparison, the earlier LLV (built 1987–94) and FFV (2000–01) have an average observed fuel consumption of 8.2 and 6.9 mpg‑US (29 and 34 L/100 km), respectively. [2] : Table G-1  The minuscule improvement in fuel economy was criticized by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in February 2022. [63]

The BEV variant has an estimated range of 70 mi (110 km) and a computed consumption of 1.34 kW⋅h/mi (25.2 mpg‑e). [2] : Table 3-1.3  Although using the air conditioner was not expected to affect the range, using the heater was expected to reduce range by up to half. [2] : 3–2, 3–3  Based on the typical distance driven, it was assumed that only 20% of the battery state of charge would be used each day for most NGDVs; analysis of USPS mail carrier routes demonstrated the all-electric variant's range could accommodate 95% of all routes. [2] : 3–2, 3–3 

Dimensions and capacities

A prototype shown at CES 2022 was 9.5 ft (2.9 m) tall, 19.6 ft (6.0 m) long, and 7 ft (2.1 m) wide. [5] The rear cargo opening measures 49.5 in (1,260 mm) wide and 72.5 in (1,840 mm) tall. [1]

The gross vehicle weight rating of the NGDV with an ICE, including payload, is 8,501 lb (3,856 kg), [2] : Table 3-1.2  just one pound over the EPA's threshold to be considered a heavy-duty truck, allowing it to avoid more stringent pollution emissions and efficiency standards for light-duty trucks. [91] The estimated curb weight of the NGDV is 5,560 lb (2,520 kg) for the version with a conventional ICE and 6,670 lb (3,030 kg) for the battery-electric vehicle (BEV) variant. The payload of the vehicles also varies slightly, either 2,941 lb (1,334 kg) for the ICE or 2,207 lb (1,001 kg) for the BEV. [2] : Tables 3-1.2 and 3-1.3 

Safety features

The NGDV is equipped with a second sliding curbside door that allows the mail carrier to enter the cargo area directly, allowing them to avoid having to stand in the street while loading and unloading the vehicle. As another measure for safety, the NGDV has an automatic parking brake that engages when the vehicle is shifted to park, when the driver leaves the seat, or when the ignition is shut off; it disengages when the vehicle is started and then shifted to drive or reverse, and the vehicle ignition is operable only when the transmission is in park or neutral. [18] The front and rear bumpers are equipped with proximity sensors that start beeping intermittently when objects are detected within 8 ft (2.4 m), and switch to continuous alarming when objects are within 6 in (150 mm). [18]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck</span> US Army heavy tactical truck, in service since 1982

The Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck (HEMTT) is an eight-wheel drive, diesel-powered, 10-short-ton (9,100 kg) tactical truck. The M977 HEMTT first entered service in 1982 with the United States Army as a replacement for the M520 Goer, and since that date has remained in production for the U.S. Army and other nations. By Q2 2021, around 35,800 HEMTTs in various configurations had been produced by Oshkosh Defense through new-build contracts and around 14,000 of these had been re-manufactured. Current variants have the A4 suffix.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Postal Service</span> Independent agency of the U.S. federal government

The United States Postal Service (USPS), also known as the Post Office, U.S. Mail, or simply the Postal Service, is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for providing postal service in the United States, its insular areas and associated states. It is one of a few government agencies explicitly authorized by the Constitution of the United States. As of 2023, the USPS has 525,469 career employees and 114,623 non-career employees.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Parcel Service</span> American package delivery company

United Parcel Service, Inc. (UPS) is an American multinational shipping & receiving and supply chain management company founded in 1907. Originally known as the American Messenger Company specializing in telegraphs, UPS has expanded to become a Fortune 500 company and one of the world's largest shipping couriers. UPS today is primarily known for its ground shipping services as well as the UPS Store, a retail chain which assists UPS shipments and provides tools for small businesses. UPS offers air shipping on an overnight or two-day basis and delivers to post office boxes through UPS Mail Innovations and UPS SurePost, two services that pass on packages to the United States Postal Service for last-mile delivery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grumman LLV</span> American light transport truck model

The Grumman Long Life Vehicle (LLV) is an American light transport truck model designed as a mail truck for the United States Postal Service, which has been its primary user since it first entered service in 1986, 38 years ago. It was also used by Canada Post. The LLV uses a chassis built by General Motors based on its Chevrolet S-10 with an aluminum body built by Grumman.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oshkosh Corporation</span> American industrial company

Oshkosh Corporation, formerly Oshkosh Truck, is an American industrial company that designs and builds specialty trucks, military vehicles, truck bodies, airport fire apparatus, and access equipment. The corporation also owns Pierce Manufacturing, a fire apparatus manufacturer in Appleton, Wisconsin, and JLG Industries, a manufacturer of lift equipment, including aerial lifts, boom lifts, scissor lifts, telehandlers and low-level access lifts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ford Transit Connect</span> Compact panel van manufactured by Ford

The Ford Transit Connect is a compact panel van sold by Ford since 2002. Developed by Ford of Europe, the model line replaced sedan-based vans with a dedicated commercial vehicle platform. The model line is the second-smallest vehicle of the Ford Transit range, slotted between the Ford Transit Courier LAV and the Ford Transit Custom LCV/MPV. In line with other Ford Transit variants, passenger-oriented models are marketed as the Ford Tourneo Connect with side windows and rear seats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mail truck</span> Vehicle for transportation of mail

A mail truck or post van is a type of delivery vehicle that is used to transport post. Originally horse-drawn, most modern mail trucks are automotive vehicles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles</span> Series of US military trucks since 1996

The Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) are a series of military vehicles based upon a common chassis, varying by payload and mission requirements. The FMTV is derived from the Austrian Steyr 12M18 truck, but substantially modified to meet United States Army requirements. These include a minimum 50 percent U.S. content.

Plasan is an Israeli-based company that now specializes in survivability solutions for all domains, the design, development and manufacture of protected vehicles, and most recently maneuvering robotics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smith Electric Vehicles</span> Electric truck manufacturer

Smith Electric Vehicles is a manufacturer of electric trucks. The company, founded in 1920 in the north of England, moved its headquarters to Kansas City, Missouri in 2011. Smith suspended all operations in 2017.

Morgan Olson is an American company that produces aluminum walk-in step vans. It was founded in 1946 on Long Island, New York. Previously owned by Northrop Grumman and doing business as Grumman Olson for several decades, the company was then taken over by a group of senior managers. In 2003, Grumman Olson was purchased by the American company JBPCO, which also owned Morgan Corp., the then-largest manufacturer of truck bodies in the United States. Grumman Olson was renamed Morgan Olson in 2004.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Multi-stop truck</span> Truck used for local deliveries

A multi-stop truck is a type of commercial vehicle designed to make multiple deliveries or stops, with easy access to the transported cargo held in the rear. They first appeared in the United States in the 1920s. They are usually vans or trucks designed to be used as fleet vehicles by businesses within local areas.

Workhorse Group Incorporated, originally AMP Electric Vehicles, is an original equipment manufacturer and technology company headquartered in Sharonville, Ohio, U.S. Workhorse makes commercial electric vehicles and telematics software designed for last-mile delivery. Their products include commercial electric vehicles and the Metron telematics software system.

Nu Ride Inc. is an American electric vehicle automaker located in Lordstown, Ohio. The company was based at the Lordstown Assembly plant, previously a General Motors factory. Lordstown Motors was known for its Lordstown Endurance electric pickup truck. In March 2024, the company emerged from its September 2023 bankruptcy restructuring as Nu Ride Inc., headquartered in New York City.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lordstown Endurance</span> Motor vehicle

The Lordstown Endurance is a full-size battery electric pickup truck with wheel hub motors manufactured by Lordstown Motors in collaboration with Foxconn at its Ohio factory. The Endurance entered limited production in September 2022 with plans to manufacture no more than 500 vehicles through June of 2023. It is the company's first production automobile.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Louis DeJoy</span> American businessman, 75th United States Postmaster General

Louis DeJoy is an American businessman serving as the 75th U.S. postmaster general. He was appointed in May 2020 by the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service (USPS). Prior to the appointment, he was the founder and CEO of the logistics and freight company New Breed Logistics and was a major Republican Party donor and fundraiser for Donald Trump. DeJoy is the first postmaster general since 1992 without any previous experience in the USPS and the first postmaster general in U.S. history to come directly from the board of a privately owned competitor to the public–private partnership of the USPS entity. His companies still hold active service contracts with the USPS, generating controversy over conflict of interest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canoo</span> American electric vehicle manufacturer

Canoo Inc. is an American automotive company based in Torrance, California, that develops and manufactures electric vehicles. Canoo's research & development team is based in Michigan, in the Detroit region, and production operations are in Justin, Texas. The company also plans to produce commercial electric vehicles such as vans for fleet, vehicle rental and ride sharing services.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ford F-150 Lightning</span> Battery electric light duty truck

The Ford F-150 Lightning is a battery electric full-size light duty truck unveiled by Ford Motor Company in May 2021 as part of the fourteenth generation Ford F-Series. Four models have been announced, and all models initially will be dual-motor, four-wheel-drive, with EPA range estimates of 240–320 mi (390–510 km). A commercial-grade version of the all-wheel drive (AWD) truck is sold in the United States, with higher-power/trim/range models also sold. The F-150 Lightning began production on April 26, 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Workhorse C-Series</span> Motor vehicle

The Workhorse C-Series was an American line of battery electric medium-duty delivery vans built by Workhorse Group for commercial package delivery company fleets, which entered limited production in 2021, were recalled that September, and were discontinued in 2022 after fewer than fifty were built. The C-Series was originally named the N-GEN when the line was first announced in 2017. N-GEN prototypes began testing in 2018 and were renamed to the C-Series in 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ford-Utilimaster FFV</span> American light transport truck model

The Ford-Utilimaster Flexible Fuel Vehicle is an American light transport truck model, designed as a mail truck for the United States Postal Service (USPS), which is its primary user. It was built as a partnership between Ford Motor Company, which supplied a stripped-down, right-hand drive Ford Explorer chassis and drivetrain, and Utilimaster, which built the aluminum body and integrated it with the chassis. The FFV can operate on either unleaded gasoline or E85 ethanol-blended fuel using the Ford 4.0 L Cologne OHV V6 engine.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 USPS Mail Delivery Electric Truck at CES 2022 | what's Inside ? on YouTube
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final Environmental Impact Statement: United States Postal Service Next Generation Delivery Vehicle Acquisitions (PDF) (Report). United States Postal Service. December 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  3. ↑ O'Kane, Sean (February 23, 2021). "USPS unveils next-generation mail truck with electric drivetrain option". The Verge. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
  4. 1 2 Isidore, Chris (February 23, 2021). "New Postal Service delivery vehicle unveiled. It's a pretty radical change". CNN. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Akers, Mick (January 5, 2022). "Oversized future USPS delivery truck on display at CES in Las Vegas". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  6. ↑ Shepardson, David (2 May 2023). "U.S. Postal Service next-generation delivery vehicles delayed to mid-2024". Reuters. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  7. 1 2 Sharp, David; Harris, Ron (September 12, 2024). "USPS' long-awaited new mail truck makes its debut to rave reviews from carriers". AP News. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "RFI-NGDV: Request for Information and Prequalification/Sources Sought - Next Generation Delivery Vehicle (NGDV) Acquisition Program". General Services Administration. 20 January 2015.
  9. ↑ Ungarino, Rebecca (13 February 2015). "Postal service seeks to retire the old mail truck". CNBC . CNBC. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  10. ↑ Preston, Benjamin (February 20, 2015). "The U.S. Postal Service Is Going New-Truck Shopping". Car and Driver. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  11. ↑ "3D-16-A-0007: Next Generation Delivery Vehicle (NGDV) Prototype Request for Proposal". General Services Administration. 20 October 2015.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dinh, Han (November 20, 2015). "Next Generation Delivery Vehicle (NGDV) Prototype Design, Statement of Objectives Section B: Prototype Vehicles, Carrier Route Next Generation". United States Postal Service. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  13. ↑ "USPS Statement on Next Generation Delivery Vehicles Prototype Selection and Request for Proposal for Commercial Off-the-Shelf Delivery Vehicles". usps.com. USPS. 16 September 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-09-30. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  14. ↑ Hirsch, Jerry (October 9, 2017). "Spy shots: The Postal Service's new Electric Mail Truck". Trucks.com. Archived from the original on November 1, 2018.
  15. 1 2 Korfhage, Jered (October 11, 2017). "Could The New Mail Delivery Truck Be Battery Powered?". Four Wheeler. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  16. ↑ Guillot, Craig (November 6, 2017). "The Trucks Competing to Be the Next USPS Delivery Vehicle, Third Prototype Spotted". Trucks.com. Archived from the original on November 21, 2017.
  17. ↑ Lorio, Joe (March 7, 2018). "Dorky Delivery: Is This the New USPS Mail Truck?". Car and Driver. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "The Next Generation Delivery Vehicle" (PDF). The Postal Record. National Association of Letter Carriers. May 2021. pp. 22–31. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  19. 1 2 3 Hirsch, Jerry (August 31, 2020). "Inspector General's Report Details New Mail Truck Program Problems". Trucks.com. Archived from the original on September 16, 2020.
  20. ↑ Torchinsky, Jason (March 8, 2018). "This Is What Ford's USPS Mail Truck Prototype Looks Like". Jalopnik. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  21. ↑ Torchinsky, Jason (March 7, 2018). "This New USPS Mail Truck Prototype Looks Uhhh..." Jalopnik. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  22. ↑ Stocksdale, Joel (March 7, 2018). "This might be the new USPS mail truck". Autoblog. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  23. ↑ Kautonen, Antti (April 5, 2018). "Mahindra USPS mail truck prototype spied testing". Autoblog. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  24. ↑ Stocksdale, Joel (March 15, 2018). "Coming soon to a mailbox near you? Third USPS van option spied". Autoblog. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  25. ↑ King, Alanis (November 13, 2017). "Here's More Of What May Be America's New Mail Truck". Jalopnik. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  26. 1 2 Gordon, Aaron (March 7, 2022). "Who Killed the Electric Mail Truck?". Motherboard. Vice. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  27. ↑ Quimby, Tom (February 21, 2017). "Spartan withdrawing from postal service delivery truck contest". Hard Working Trucks. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  28. 1 2 O'Kane, Sean (February 25, 2022). "Why the U.S. Postal Service Ended Up With Gas-Guzzling Trucks" . Bloomberg. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  29. ↑ Zwahlen, Cyndia (December 5, 2018). "Electric Drive Vendor Exits $6.3 Billion Mail Truck Program". Trucks.com. Archived from the original on June 9, 2019.
  30. ↑ "Workhorse/Hackney Mail Truck Bidding Team Breaks Up". Postal Times. December 13, 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  31. ↑ Barooah, Sumantra B (7 August 2020). "M&M withdraws bid for US postal trucks, Q1 FY2021 profit plunges 97% to Rs 68 crore". Autocar Professional India. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  32. ↑ Hirsch, Jerry (December 1, 2020). "Postal Service Delays Mail Truck Replacement Contract Again". Trucks.com. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020.
  33. ↑ Mieske, Jake (2018-08-16). "Oshkosh Corporation's new global headquarters, expansion of its defense business receives support from WEDC". WEDC. Retrieved 2022-12-24.
  34. ↑ "3D20-A-0031: Next Generation Delivery Vehicle, Contract Award Number 3DVPRT-21-B-0002". General Services Administration. February 23, 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  35. ↑ Beresford, Colin (January 21, 2022). "USPS Oshkosh Defense Mail-Delivery Truck Spotted on the Street". Car and Driver. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  36. ↑ Hurley, Scott (2 July 2021). "Ohio company alleges USPS unfairly gave mail truck contract to Oshkosh Corp". WLUK FOX 11 News. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  37. ↑ O'Kane, Sean (September 15, 2021). "Workhorse abruptly drops lawsuit against Postal Service over new mail truck". The Verge. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
  38. ↑ "Oshkosh Defense receives first order for Next Generation Delivery Vehicle fleet" (Press release). Oshkosh Defense. March 24, 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  39. ↑ Westbrook, Justin (March 24, 2022). "U.S. Postal Service Finally Cuts a Check for Its Controversial New Mail Truck". Motor Trend. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  40. 1 2 3 Brodkin, Jon (April 29, 2022). "USPS sued by states and environmental groups over purchase of 8.6 mpg trucks". Ars Technica. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  41. ↑ Fitzgerald, Jack (July 21, 2022). "Postal Service Will Make Half of Its New Mail Trucks Electric". Car and Driver. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  42. ↑ "USPS Intends To Deploy Over 66,000 Electric Vehicles by 2028, Making One of the Largest Electric Vehicle Fleets in the Nation" (Press release). United States Postal Service. December 20, 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  43. ↑ "OSHKOSH SELECTS SPARTANBURG, S.C. TO BUILD NEXT GENERATION POSTAL DELIVERY FLEET". Business Wire. 22 June 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  44. ↑ Montgomery, Bob (February 23, 2022). "Oshkosh Defense, Spartanburg welcome USPS clearing hurdle for postal fleet project". Spartanburg Herald-Journal. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  45. ↑ Runkel, Grace (April 13, 2022). "INSIDE LOOK: Oshkosh Defense prepares to build first order of new USPS mail trucks". FOX Carolina. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  46. 1 2 Resneck, Jacob (August 19, 2022). "Oshkosh Defense sent a big contract to the non-union South. Will it keep future jobs in Wisconsin?". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Wisconsin Watch. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  47. ↑ "Support Union Jobs at Oshkosh Defense". UAW. 2022-04-26. Retrieved 2022-12-24.
  48. ↑ Bauer, Scott (Feb 8, 2022). "Sen. Ron Johnson not fighting to get 1,000 Oshkosh Defense jobs for Wisconsin over South Carolina". Wisconsin State Journal. Retrieved 2022-12-24.
  49. ↑ "Senator Baldwin Questions Oshkosh Defense Decision to Manufacture USPS Trucks in South Carolina, Seeks Information on Oshkosh Bid". www.baldwin.senate.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-24.
  50. ↑ Gunn, Erik (February 8, 2022). "Oshkosh postal truck contract becomes political flashpoint, singes Johnson". Wisconsin Examiner. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  51. 1 2 Kremer, Rich (March 28, 2022). "Oshkosh Defense reportedly rebuffed by Foxconn in attempt to build mail trucks in Mt. Pleasant". Wisconsin Public Radio. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  52. 1 2 Bollier, Jeff (March 23, 2022). "Does Oshkosh Corp. want to build USPS mail trucks in South Carolina to avoid union labor? U.S. lawmakers want to know". Oshkosh Northwestern. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  53. ↑ Riddle, Lyn (February 16, 2022). "Oshkosh Decision to Build Mail Trucks in South Carolina Questioned". Transport Topics News. The State (Columbia, S.C.). Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  54. 1 2 O'Kane, Sean (February 25, 2021). "Just 10 percent of the new Postal Service fleet will be electric". The Verge. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  55. 1 2 Shepardson, David (February 24, 2021). "U.S. Postal chief commits to 10% of new delivery fleet as electric vehicles". Reuters. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  56. ↑ 87 FR 994
  57. ↑ Peek, Jeff (13 January 2022). "USPS pumps the brakes on new fleet; going all-electric will add $3.3B". Hagerty. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  58. ↑ 86 FR 70935
  59. ↑ Kahn, Brian (January 13, 2022). "Give the U.S. Postal Service $3 Billion to Electrify Its Fleet, You Cowards". Gizmodo. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  60. ↑ Erickson, Jim (August 29, 2022). "U-M analysis challenges USPS electric vehicle environmental study". Michigan News. University of Michigan. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  61. ↑ Arroyo, Vicki (February 2, 2022). "Letter to Jennifer Beiro-Réveillé, AIA" (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  62. ↑ Daly, Matthew (February 2, 2022). "EPA: New mail-delivery fleet needs more electric vehicles". AP News. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  63. 1 2 Westbrook, Justin (February 25, 2022). "U.S. Postal Service Ignores EPA's Critique Of New Mail trucks, Buys Them Anyway". Motor Trend. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  64. 1 2 "USPS: Committed to the Fiscally Responsible Roll-out of Electric-powered Vehicles for America's Largest Federal Fleet" (Press release). United States Postal Service. February 6, 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2023. 'Our commitment to an electric fleet remains ambitious given the pressing vehicle and safety needs of our aging fleet as well as our dire financial condition,' said Postmaster General and USPS Chief Executive Officer Louis DeJoy. 'The proposed action, which we are evaluating under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), includes an initial order plan for 5,000 electric vehicles, and the flexibility to increase the number of electric vehicles introduced should additional funding become available. Absent such funding, we must make fiscally responsible decisions that result in the needed introduction of safer and environmentally cleaner vehicles for the men and women who deliver America's mail.'
  65. ↑ "New USPS Mail Trucks Could be Put on Hold Due to Climate Concerns".
  66. ↑ "USPS rejects Biden's plea to buy more electric mail trucks". 23 February 2022.
  67. ↑ "US Postal Service Ignores Feds and Buys Gas-Guzzling Trucks". 24 February 2022.
  68. 1 2 "Senators Markey and Heinrich, Congressional colleagues urge Postmaster General DeJoy and Board of Governors to abandon harmful postal service procurement plan, dramatically increase mail delivery fleet electrification" (Press release). Ed Markey, United States Senator for Massachusetts. February 4, 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  69. ↑ "Senators Markey and Heinrich, Backed by Broad Industry and Environmental Coalition, Urge United States Postal Service To Reverse Its Decision To Procure An Overwhelmingly Gas-Powered Delivery Fleet - ZETA". www.zeta2030.org. Zero Emission Transportation Association. Retrieved 2022-02-08.
  70. ↑ Phillips, Anna; Bogage, Jacob (February 2, 2022). "Biden officials push to hold up $11.3 billion USPS truck contract, citing climate damage" . The Washington Post. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  71. ↑ Iaconangelo, David (February 24, 2022). "U.S. Postal Service Locks in Plans for More Gas Trucks". Scientific American. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  72. ↑ "States sue the U.S. Postal Service over its decision to buy gas-powered trucks". NPR. Associated Press. 29 April 2022.
  73. ↑ "USPS Delivery Network Improvement Plan Offers Potential to Expand Number of Electric Vehicles in Postal Fleet" (Press release). United States Postal SErvice. June 1, 2022.
  74. ↑ 87 FR 35581
  75. ↑ "U.S. Postal Service to consider a larger number of EVs in its fleet". Teslarati. 2 June 2022.
  76. ↑ Gauthier, Michael (July 20, 2022). "US Postal Service Changes Course, Now Wants at Least 50% of Next Generation Delivery Vehicles to be Electric". CarScoops.
  77. ↑ "Postal Service will electrify trucks by 2026 in climate win for Biden". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 2022-12-21.
  78. ↑ Johnson, Peter (2023-03-16). "Blink Charging (BLNK) to provide up to 41,500 EV chargers for growing USPS fleet". Electrek. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
  79. ↑ https://www.thedrive.com/news/usps-isnt-giving-up-on-electric-mail-trucks-without-a-fight
  80. ↑ "USPS Highlights Expanded Delivery Offerings for Businesses, Investments to Modernize Postal Network at CES" (Press release). United States Postal Service. January 5, 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  81. ↑ Stanton, Travis (2022). "The Best of CES". Exhibitor Online. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  82. ↑ Westbrook, Justin (May 2, 2023). "USPS Electric Mail Truck Deliveries Delayed". Motor Trend. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  83. ↑ Gitlin, Jonathan M. (May 2, 2023). "New USPS electric vans delayed until mid-2024, according to court docs". Ars Technica. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  84. 1 2 "Ford Delivering Engines for New USPS Vehicles". NewsWheel. 28 June 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  85. 1 2 "USPS Picks Oshkosh Defense NGDV". TruthAboutcars. 25 February 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  86. ↑ "U.S. Postal Service Awards Contract to Launch Multi-Billion-Dollar Modernization of Postal Delivery Vehicle Fleet" (Press release). United States Postal Service. February 23, 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2023. Under the contract's initial $482 million investment, Oshkosh Defense will finalize the production design of the Next Generation Delivery Vehicle (NGDV) — a purpose-built, right-hand-drive vehicle for mail and package delivery — and will assemble 50,000 to 165,000 of them over 10 years. The vehicles will be equipped with either fuel-efficient internal combustion engines or battery electric powertrains and can be retrofitted to keep pace with advances in electric vehicle technologies.
  87. ↑ Gitlin, Jonathan M. (July 21, 2022). "The USPS will buy a lot more electric next-gen delivery vans". Ars Technica. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  88. ↑ Foote, Brett (February 24, 2022). "Ford 2.0L I-4 will power most Oshkosh Defense USPS mail carriers". Ford Authority. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  89. ↑ Howard, Phoebe Wall (June 22, 2021). "US Postal Service delivery trucks to have Ford engines, transmissions in new fleet". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  90. 1 2 US Postal Service Delivers Futuristic Next Gen Delivery Vehicle at CES 2022! | Raymond Strazdas on YouTube
  91. 1 2 Gordon, Aaron (February 8, 2022). "The New USPS Trucks Would Probably Be Illegal If They Weighed One Pound Less". www.vice.com. Retrieved 2022-02-08.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.