PHL 909

Last updated
PHL 909
Quasar PHL 909 (opo9635a4).jpg
HST image of PHL 909.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
Constellation Pisces
Right ascension 00h 57m 09.934s [1]
Declination +14° 46′ 10.170″ [1]
Redshift 0.171754 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 51,491 km/s [1]
Distance 2.187 Gly
Apparent magnitude  (B)16.56
Characteristics
Type E4 AGN [1]
Size~228,700  ly (70.11  kpc) (estimated) [1]
Other designations
SDSS J005709.92+144610.1, SDSS J005709+144607, 2E 0233, 1ES 0054+145, 2MASS J00570992+1446102 [1]

PHL 909 is a low-redshift quasar as well as a Seyfert 1 galaxy located in the constellation of Pisces. The redshift of the object is (z) 0.171, meaning it is located approximately 2.1 billion light-years from Earth. [1] It was first discovered in 1978 by astronomers and is classified as radio-quiet. [2] [3]

Contents

Description

PHL 909 is classified as a normal type E4 elliptical galaxy with a visual magnitude of 15.7. [4] [5] [6] Based on imaging by Hubble Space Telescope, it is described as having a featureless and smooth appearance with the inner region displaying a higher surface brightness on one side. [5] There is also evidence of a tidal bridge between the host and its western companion galaxy, indicating they might be interacting. [7] [8] It appears it also belongs to a galaxy group, given there are several other galaxies within the region, including a large spiral galaxy located at the same redshift. [9] There is also evidence of either ongoing or recent star-formation in the host with a population of old and intermediate stars. [10]

It appears PHL 909 is a product of several galaxy mergers. Observation of its structure showed the presence of two shell features located at position angles of 328° and 298°. [9] A ring-like structure is present around the galaxy's nucleus with another ring feature formed by diffuse outer material. [11] There are also two tidal tails in the galaxy, one shown extending from a disk-like structure southeast and the other from a disk northwest. The western tidal tail is extending towards the direction of the companion as well, with it also showing the same tidal tail features. Further evidence also showed the eastern tidal tail is connecting to a dwarf galaxy located 14 arcseconds away from PHL 909. [9]

PHL 909 contains hydroxide emission. When studied, the emission is shown to have a signal with a flux density of 60 ± 12 mJy and the isotopic luminosity of the source estimated as 0.8×104 Lʘ. [12] The galaxy also shows the presence of narrow components in both Balmer and Magnesium emission line profiles, with a small observed redshift of its narrow permitted lines. It is noted there were also changes in these lines between 1980 and 1986, suggesting the production of a narrow Balmer component inside a jet-like structure in the galaxy. [13] A supermassive black hole mass has been estimated as 7.94×108M☉ based on maser kinematics with a bolometric luminosity of 45.47 erg s-1. [14] Later studies estimated a black hole mass of 3.80+0.56
−0.49×108M☉. [15]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "NED search results for PHL 909". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2025-08-10.
  2. ↑ Sramek, R. A.; Weedman, D. W. (April 1978). "An optical and radio study of quasars". The Astrophysical Journal. 221: 468–480. Bibcode:1978ApJ...221..468S. doi:10.1086/156048. ISSN   0004-637X.
  3. ↑ Ghosh, K. K.; Soundararajaperumal, S. (April 1992). "X-ray continuum with an iron emission line from the radio-quiet quasar PHL 909". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 104: 258. Bibcode:1992PASP..104..258G. doi:10.1086/132987. ISSN   0004-6280.
  4. ↑ information@eso.org. "Quasar PHL 909". www.esahubble.org. Retrieved 2025-08-10.
  5. 1 2 Bahcall, John N.; Kirhakos, Sofia; Schneider, Donald P. (February 1996). "The Apparently Normal Galaxy Hosts for Two Luminous Quasars". The Astrophysical Journal. 457: 557. arXiv: astro-ph/9509031 . Bibcode:1996ApJ...457..557B. doi:10.1086/176752. ISSN   0004-637X.
  6. ↑ Bahcall, John N.; Kirhakos, Sofia; Saxe, David H.; Schneider, Donald P. (April 1997). "Hubble Space Telescope Images of a Sample of 20 Nearby Luminous Quasars". The Astrophysical Journal. 479 (2): 642–658. arXiv: astro-ph/9611163 . Bibcode:1997ApJ...479..642B. doi:10.1086/303926. ISSN   0004-637X.
  7. ↑ Gehren, T.; Fried, J.; Wehinger, P. A.; Wyckoff, S. (March 1984). "Host galaxies of quasars and their association with galaxy clusters". The Astrophysical Journal. 278: 11–27. Bibcode:1984ApJ...278...11G. doi:10.1086/161763. ISSN   0004-637X.
  8. ↑ Dunlop, J. S.; Taylor, G. L.; Hughes, D. H.; Robson, E. I. (September 1993). "Infrared imaging of the host galaxies of radio-loud and radio-quiet quasars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 264 (2): 455–488. Bibcode:1993MNRAS.264..455D. doi: 10.1093/mnras/264.2.455 . ISSN   0035-8711.
  9. 1 2 3 Bennert, Nicola; Canalizo, Gabriela; Jungwiert, Bruno; Stockton, Alan; Schweizer, François; Peng, Chien Y.; Lacy, Mark (2008-04-20). "Evidence for Merger Remnants in Early-Type Host Galaxies of Low-Redshift QSOs". The Astrophysical Journal. 677 (2): 846–857. arXiv: 0801.0832 . Bibcode:2008ApJ...677..846B. doi:10.1086/529068. ISSN   0004-637X.
  10. ↑ Wold, I.; Sheinis, A. I.; Wolf, M. J.; Hooper, E. J. (2010-09-15). "Host galaxies of luminous quasars: population synthesis of optical off-axis spectra". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 408 (2): 713–730. arXiv: 1006.2136 . Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408..713W. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17163.x . ISSN   0035-8711.
  11. ↑ Bennert, Nicola; Canalizo, Gabriela; Jungwiert, Bruno; Stockton, Alan; Schweizer, Francois; Peng, Chien Y.; Lacy, Mark (2008-07-21), "Fueling QSOs: The Relevance of Mergers", Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, 79: 1247, arXiv: 0807.3371 , Bibcode:2008MmSAI..79.1247B
  12. ↑ Venger, A. P.; Gosachinskij, I. V.; Zhelenkov, S. R. (December 1992). "The OH gigamaser source PHL 909". Astronomicheskii Zhurnal. 69: 1313–1314. Bibcode:1992AZh....69.1313V. ISSN   0004-6299.
  13. ↑ Zheng, Wei; Burbidge, E. Margaret (May 1988). "An Unusual Broad Line Profile in the QSO 0054+144: Evidence for an Optical Jet?". The Astrophysical Journal. 328: 175. Bibcode:1988ApJ...328..175Z. doi:10.1086/166278. ISSN   0004-637X.
  14. ↑ Woo, Jong-Hak; Urry, C. Megan (2002-07-11), "Active Galactic Nucleus Black Hole Masses and Bolometric Luminosities", The Astrophysical Journal, 579 (2): 530–544, arXiv: astro-ph/0207249 , Bibcode:2002ApJ...579..530W, doi:10.1086/342878, arXiv:astro-ph/0207249
  15. ↑ Sheinis, A. I.; López-Sánchez, Á. R. (2017-01-09). "QUASAR HOST GALAXIES AND THE MSMBH–σ* RELATION". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (2): 55. arXiv: 1612.00528 . Bibcode:2017AJ....153...55S. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/153/2/55 . ISSN   0004-6256.
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