PIN1

Not to be confused with PIN1, an auxin transport protein in plants..

PIN1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1F8A, 1I6C, 1I8G, 1I8H, 1NMV, 1NMW, 1PIN, 1ZCN, 2F21, 2ITK, 2KBU, 2KCF, 2LB3, 2M8I, 2M8J, 2M9E, 2M9F, 2M9I, 2M9J, 2Q5A, 2RUC, 2RUD, 2XP3, 2XP4, 2XP5, 2XP6, 2XP7, 2XP8, 2XP9, 2XPA, 2XPB, 2ZQS, 2ZQT, 2ZQU, 2ZQV, 2ZR4, 2ZR5, 2ZR6, 3I6C, 3IK8, 3IKD, 3IKG, 3JYJ, 3KAB, 3KAC, 3KAD, 3KAF, 3KAG, 3KAH, 3KAI, 3KCE, 3NTP, 3ODK, 3OOB, 3TC5, 3TCZ, 3TDB, 3WH0, 4GWT, 4GWV, 4QIB, 4TNS, 4TYO, 4U84, 4U85, 4U86, 2RUQ, 2N1O, 2RUR
Identifiers
Aliases	PIN1 , DOD, UBL5, peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1
External IDs	OMIM: 601052 MGI: 1346036 HomoloGene: 4531 GeneCards: PIN1
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 19 (human) [1] Band 19p13.2 Start 9,835,257 bp [1] End 9,849,689 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 9 (mouse) [2] Band 9 A3|9 7.6 cM Start 20,563,391 bp [2] End 20,577,880 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in frontal pole prefrontal cortex dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Brodmann area 9 nucleus accumbens Brodmann area 10 pons amygdala caudate nucleus putamen Top expressed in primary motor cortex somite cingulate gyrus medial vestibular nucleus soleus muscle prefrontal cortex medial ganglionic eminence ventromedial nucleus pontine nuclei abdominal wall More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function GTPase activating protein binding beta-catenin binding isomerase activity peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity protein binding mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding cytoskeletal motor activity phosphoserine residue binding phosphothreonine residue binding tau protein binding phosphoprotein binding cis-trans isomerase activity Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol nuclear speck midbody mitochondrion neuron projection nucleus nucleoplasm glutamatergic synapse postsynaptic cytosol Biological process negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process positive regulation of protein phosphorylation regulation of cytokinesis positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation negative regulation of protein catabolic process positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway synapse organization negative regulation of cell motility protein stabilization negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway negative regulation of protein binding protein peptidyl-prolyl isomerization regulation of protein localization to nucleus positive regulation of GTPase activity positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity neuron differentiation negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade cell cycle negative regulation of type I interferon production positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II regulation of mitotic nuclear division regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator regulation of protein phosphorylation regulation of gene expression positive regulation of protein binding microtubule polymerization response to hypoxia regulation of protein stability negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 5300 23988 Ensembl ENSG00000127445 ENSMUSG00000032171 UniProt Q13526 Q9QUR7 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006221 NM_023371 NM_001364495 RefSeq (protein) NP_006212 NP_075860 NP_001351424 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 9.84 – 9.85 Mb Chr 9: 20.56 – 20.58 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIN1 gene. ^{[5] [6]}

Pin 1, or peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase), isomerizes only phospho-Serine/Threonine-Proline motifs. The enzyme binds to a subset of proteins and thus plays a role as a post phosphorylation control in regulating protein function. Studies have shown that the deregulation of Pin1 may play a pivotal role in various diseases. Notably, the up-regulation of Pin1 is implicated in certain cancers, and the down-regulation of Pin1 is implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Inhibitors of Pin1 may have therapeutic implications for cancer ^{[7] [8]} and immune disorders. ^[9]

Discovery

The gene encoding Pin1 was identified in 1996 as a result of a genetic/biochemical screen for proteins involved in mitotic regulation. It was found to be essential for cell division in some organisms. By 1999, however, it was apparent that Pin1 knockout mice had a surprisingly mild phenotype, indicating that the enzyme was not required for cell division per se. Further studies later found that loss of Pin1 in mice displays are not only neuronal degenerative phenotypes but also several abnormalities, similar to those of cyclin D1-null mice, suggesting the conformation changes mediated by Pin1 may be crucial for cell normal function.

Activation

Phosphorylation of Ser/Thr-Pro motifs in substrates is required for recognition by Pin1. Pin is a small protein at 18 kDa and does not have a nuclear localization or export signal. However, 2009, Lufei et al. reported that Pin1 has putative novel nuclear localization signal (NLS) and Pin1 interacts with importin α5 (KPNA1). ^[10] Substrate interactions and a WW domain determine subcellular distribution. Expression is induced by growth signals from E2F transcription factors. Expression levels fluctuate in normal, but not in cancerous cells. Expression is often associated with cell proliferation. Postranslational modifications such as phosphorylation on Ser16 inhibit the ability of Pin1 to bind substrate, and this inhibitory process may be altered during oncogenesis. It is hypothesized, but not proven, that Pin1 might also be regulated by proteolytic pathways.

Function

Pin1 activity regulates the outcome of proline-directed kinase (e.g. MAPK, CDK or GSK3) signalling and consequently regulates cell proliferation (in part through control of cyclin D1 levels and stability) and cell survival. The precise effects of Pin1 depend upon the system: Pin1 accelerates dephosphorylation of Cdc25 and Tau, but protects phosphorylated cyclin D from ubiquitination and proteolysis. Recent data also implicate Pin1 as playing an important role in immune responses, at least in part by increasing the stability of cytokine mRNAs by influencing the protein complexes to which they bind. Pin1 has been hypothesized to act as a molecular timer. ^[11]

Inhibition

PIN1 has been widely investigated as an interesting molecular target for the inhibition of cancer cell lines, ^{[12] [13]} such as breast, cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. ^[14] Studies have demonstrated that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a natural compound derivative from Vitamin A is involved with PIN1 inhibition. ^[15] Furthermore, ATRA has also been reported to synergistically enhanced the ability of sorafenib to reduce Pin1 and inhibit cancer growth. ^[16] Some elemonic acid derivatives have also been reported with inhibitory activity against PIN1. ^[17] Some computational evidence has also demonstrated that some triterpenoids from neem could also inhibit PIN1 in a similar manner to elemonic acid derivatives ^[12]

Interactions

PIN1 has been shown to interact with:

• C-jun, ^[18]
• CDC25C, ^{[19] [20] [21]}
• CDC27, ^{[19] [21]}
• CSNK2A2, ^[22]
• Casein kinase 2, alpha 1, ^[22]
• DAB2, ^[23]
• eNOS, ^[24]
• FOXO4, ^[25]
• MPHOSPH1, ^[26]
• MYT1, ^[27]
• Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2, ^[28]
• Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 ^[28]
• P53, ^{[29] [30]}
• PKMYT1, ^[19]
• PLK1, ^{[19] [21]}
• SUPT5H, ^[31]
• Telomeric repeat-binding factor 1, ^[32] and
• Wee1-like protein kinase. ^[19]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000127445 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032171 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Lu KP, Hanes SD, Hunter T (Apr 1996). "A human peptidyl-prolyl isomerase essential for regulation of mitosis". Nature. 380 (6574): 544–7. Bibcode:1996Natur.380..544P. doi:10.1038/380544a0. PMID   8606777. S2CID   4258406.
6. "Entrez Gene: PIN1 Protein (peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase) NIMA-interacting 1".
7. da Costa KS, Galúcio JM, de Jesus DA, Gomes GC, Lima e Lima AH, Taube PS, dos Santos AM, Lameira J (2019-10-25). "Targeting Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1: A Structure-based Virtual Screening Approach to Find Novel Inhibitors". Current Computer-Aided Drug Design. 15 (5): 605–617. doi:10.2174/1573409915666191025114009. PMID   31654518. S2CID   204907887.
8. Campaner E, Rustighi A, Zannini A, Cristiani A, Piazza S, Ciani Y, Kalid O, Golan G, Baloglu E, Shacham S, Valsasina B (August 2017). "A covalent PIN1 inhibitor selectively targets cancer cells by a dual mechanism of action". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 15772. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815772C. doi:10.1038/ncomms15772. ISSN   2041-1723. PMC   5472749 . PMID   28598431.
9. Rudrabhatla P, Albers W, Pant HC (2009-11-25). "Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase 1 Regulates Protein Phosphatase 2A-Mediated Topographic Phosphorylation of Neurofilament Proteins". Journal of Neuroscience. 29 (47): 14869–14880. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4469-09.2009. ISSN   0270-6474. PMC   3849796 . PMID   19940183.
10. Lufei C, Cao X (2009). "Nuclear import of Pin1 is mediated by a novel sequence in the PPIase domain". FEBS Letters. 583 (2): 271–276. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2008.12.011. PMID   19084525. S2CID   23995242.
11. Lu KP, Finn G, Lee TH, Nicholson LK (Oct 2007). "Prolyl cis-trans isomerization as a molecular timer". Nature Chemical Biology. 3 (10): 619–29. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2007.35. PMID   17876319.
12. da Costa KS, Galúcio JM, de Jesus DA, Gomes GC, Lima E, Lima AH, et al. (2020-11-09). "Targeting Peptidyl-prolyl Cis-trans Isomerase NIMA-interacting 1: A Structure-based Virtual Screening Approach to Find Novel Inhibitors". Current Computer-Aided Drug Design. 16 (5): 605–617. doi:10.2174/1573409915666191025114009. PMID   31654518. S2CID   204907887.
13. Russo Spena C, De Stefano L, Poli G, Granchi C, El Boustani M, Ecca F, et al. (January 2019). "Virtual screening identifies a PIN1 inhibitor with possible antiovarian cancer effects". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 234 (9): 15708–15716. doi:10.1002/jcp.28224. hdl: 10278/3711934 . PMID   30697729. S2CID   59412053.
14. Kim G, Bhattarai PY, Choi HS (February 2019). "Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 as a molecular target in breast cancer: a therapeutic perspective of gynecological cancer". Archives of Pharmacal Research. 42 (2): 128–139. doi:10.1007/s12272-019-01122-3. PMID   30684192. S2CID   59274466.
15. Wei S, Kozono S, Kats L, Nechama M, Li W, Guarnerio J, et al. (May 2015). "Active Pin1 is a key target of all-trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia and breast cancer". Nature Medicine. 21 (5): 457–66. doi:10.1038/nm.3839. PMC   4425616 . PMID   25849135.
16. Zheng M, Xu H, Liao XH, Chen CP, Zhang AL, Lu W, et al. (May 2017). "Inhibition of the prolyl isomerase Pin1 enhances the ability of sorafenib to induce cell death and inhibit tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma". Oncotarget. 8 (18): 29771–29784. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.15967. PMC   5444702 . PMID   28404959.
17. Li X, Li L, Zhou Q, Zhang N, Zhang S, Zhao R, et al. (December 2014). "Synthesis of the novel elemonic acid derivatives as Pin1 inhibitors". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 24 (24): 5612–5615. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.087. PMID   25466185.
18. Wulf GM, Ryo A, Wulf GG, Lee SW, Niu T, Petkova V, Lu KP (Jul 2001). "Pin1 is overexpressed in breast cancer and cooperates with Ras signaling in increasing the transcriptional activity of c-Jun towards cyclin D1". The EMBO Journal. 20 (13): 3459–72. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.13.3459. PMC   125530 . PMID   11432833.
19. Shen M, Stukenberg PT, Kirschner MW, Lu KP (Mar 1998). "The essential mitotic peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 binds and regulates mitosis-specific phosphoproteins". Genes & Development. 12 (5): 706–20. doi:10.1101/gad.12.5.706. PMC   316589 . PMID   9499405.
20. Goldstrohm AC, Albrecht TR, Suñé C, Bedford MT, Garcia-Blanco MA (Nov 2001). "The transcription elongation factor CA150 interacts with RNA polymerase II and the pre-mRNA splicing factor SF1". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 21 (22): 7617–28. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.22.7617-7628.2001. PMC   99933 . PMID   11604498.
21. Lu PJ, Zhou XZ, Shen M, Lu KP (Feb 1999). "Function of WW domains as phosphoserine- or phosphothreonine-binding modules". Science. 283 (5406): 1325–8. Bibcode:1999Sci...283.1325L. doi:10.1126/science.283.5406.1325. PMID   10037602.
22. Messenger MM, Saulnier RB, Gilchrist AD, Diamond P, Gorbsky GJ, Litchfield DW (Jun 2002). "Interactions between protein kinase CK2 and Pin1. Evidence for phosphorylation-dependent interactions". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (25): 23054–64. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M200111200 . PMID   11940573.
23. He J, Xu J, Xu XX, Hall RA (Jul 2003). "Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of Disabled-2 by cdc2". Oncogene. 22 (29): 4524–30. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206767. PMID   12881709. S2CID   1086352.
24. Ruan L, Torres CM, Qian J, Chen F, Mintz JD, Stepp DW, Fulton D, Venema RC (Feb 2011). "Pin1 prolyl isomerase regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 31 (2): 392–8. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.213181. PMC   3075952 . PMID   21051667.
25. Brenkman AB, de Keizer PL, van den Broek NJ, van der Groep P, van Diest PJ, van der Horst A, Smits AM, Burgering BM (Sep 2008). "The peptidyl-isomerase Pin1 regulates p27kip1 expression through inhibition of Forkhead box O tumor suppressors". Cancer Research. 68 (18): 7597–605. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1059 . PMID   18794148.
26. Kamimoto T, Zama T, Aoki R, Muro Y, Hagiwara M (Oct 2001). "Identification of a novel kinesin-related protein, KRMP1, as a target for mitotic peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (40): 37520–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M106207200 . PMID   11470801.
27. Wells NJ, Watanabe N, Tokusumi T, Jiang W, Verdecia MA, Hunter T (Oct 1999). "The C-terminal domain of the Cdc2 inhibitory kinase Myt1 interacts with Cdc2 complexes and is required for inhibition of G(2)/M progression". Journal of Cell Science. 112 (19): 3361–71. doi:10.1242/jcs.112.19.3361. PMID   10504341.
28. Nakano A, Koinuma D, Miyazawa K, Uchida T, Saitoh M, Kawabata M, Hanai J, Akiyama H, Abe M, Miyazono K, Matsumoto T, Imamura T (Mar 2009). "Pin1 down-regulates transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling by inducing degradation of Smad proteins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (10): 6109–15. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M804659200 . PMID   19122240.
29. Wulf GM, Liou YC, Ryo A, Lee SW, Lu KP (Dec 2002). "Role of Pin1 in the regulation of p53 stability and p21 transactivation, and cell cycle checkpoints in response to DNA damage". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (50): 47976–9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.C200538200 . PMID   12388558.
30. Zacchi P, Gostissa M, Uchida T, Salvagno C, Avolio F, Volinia S, Ronai Z, Blandino G, Schneider C, Del Sal G (Oct 2002). "The prolyl isomerase Pin1 reveals a mechanism to control p53 functions after genotoxic insults". Nature. 419 (6909): 853–7. Bibcode:2002Natur.419..853Z. doi:10.1038/nature01120. PMID   12397362. S2CID   4311658.
31. Lavoie SB, Albert AL, Handa H, Vincent M, Bensaude O (Sep 2001). "The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 interacts with hSpt5 phosphorylated by Cdk9". Journal of Molecular Biology. 312 (4): 675–85. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.4991. PMID   11575923.
32. Lee TH, Tun-Kyi A, Shi R, Lim J, Soohoo C, Finn G, Balastik M, Pastorino L, Wulf G, Zhou XZ, Lu KP (2009). "Essential role of Pin1 in the regulation of TRF1 stability and telomere maintenance". Nature Cell Biology. 11 (1): 97–105. doi:10.1038/ncb1818. PMC   2699942 . PMID   19060891.

Further reading

• Lu KP, Liou YC, Zhou XZ (Apr 2002). "Pinning down proline-directed phosphorylation signaling". Trends in Cell Biology. 12 (4): 164–72. doi:10.1016/S0962-8924(02)02253-5. PMID   11978535.
• Wulf G, Finn G, Suizu F, Lu KP (May 2005). "Phosphorylation-specific prolyl isomerization: is there an underlying theme?". Nature Cell Biology. 7 (5): 435–41. doi:10.1038/ncb0505-435. PMID   15867923. S2CID   180385.
• Etzkorn FA (May 2006). "Pin1 flips Alzheimer's switch". ACS Chemical Biology. 1 (4): 214–6. doi: 10.1021/cb600171g . PMID   17163675.
• Balastik M, Lim J, Pastorino L, Lu KP (Apr 2007). "Pin1 in Alzheimer's disease: multiple substrates, one regulatory mechanism?". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease. 1772 (4): 422–9. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2007.01.006. PMC   1868500 . PMID   17317113.
• Maleszka R, Hanes SD, Hackett RL, de Couet HG, Miklos GL (Jan 1996). "The Drosophila melanogaster dodo (dod) gene, conserved in humans, is functionally interchangeable with the ESS1 cell division gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (1): 447–51. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93..447M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.1.447 . PMC   40255 . PMID   8552658.
• Ranganathan R, Lu KP, Hunter T, Noel JP (Jun 1997). "Structural and functional analysis of the mitotic rotamase Pin1 suggests substrate recognition is phosphorylation dependent". Cell. 89 (6): 875–86. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80273-1 . PMID   9200606. S2CID   16219532.
• Campbell HD, Webb GC, Fountain S, Young IG (Sep 1997). "The human PIN1 peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase gene maps to human chromosome 19p13 and the closely related PIN1L gene to 1p31". Genomics. 44 (2): 157–62. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4854. PMID   9299231.
• Crenshaw DG, Yang J, Means AR, Kornbluth S (Aug 1998). "The mitotic peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, Pin1, interacts with Cdc25 and Plx1". The EMBO Journal. 17 (5): 1315–27. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.5.1315. PMC   1170480 . PMID   9482729.
• Shen M, Stukenberg PT, Kirschner MW, Lu KP (Mar 1998). "The essential mitotic peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 binds and regulates mitosis-specific phosphoproteins". Genes & Development. 12 (5): 706–20. doi:10.1101/gad.12.5.706. PMC   316589 . PMID   9499405.
• Lu PJ, Zhou XZ, Shen M, Lu KP (Feb 1999). "Function of WW domains as phosphoserine- or phosphothreonine-binding modules". Science. 283 (5406): 1325–8. Bibcode:1999Sci...283.1325L. doi:10.1126/science.283.5406.1325. PMID   10037602.
• Lu PJ, Wulf G, Zhou XZ, Davies P, Lu KP (Jun 1999). "The prolyl isomerase Pin1 restores the function of Alzheimer-associated phosphorylated tau protein". Nature. 399 (6738): 784–8. Bibcode:1999Natur.399..784L. doi:10.1038/21650. PMID   10391244. S2CID   4373905.
• Albert A, Lavoie S, Vincent M (Aug 1999). "A hyperphosphorylated form of RNA polymerase II is the major interphase antigen of the phosphoprotein antibody MPM-2 and interacts with the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1". Journal of Cell Science. 112. 112 (15): 2493–500. doi:10.1242/jcs.112.15.2493. PMID   10393805.
• Wells NJ, Watanabe N, Tokusumi T, Jiang W, Verdecia MA, Hunter T (Oct 1999). "The C-terminal domain of the Cdc2 inhibitory kinase Myt1 interacts with Cdc2 complexes and is required for inhibition of G(2)/M progression". Journal of Cell Science. 112. 112 (19): 3361–71. doi:10.1242/jcs.112.19.3361. PMID   10504341.
• Gerez L, Mohrmann K, van Raak M, Jongeneelen M, Zhou XZ, Lu KP, van Der Sluijs P (Jul 2000). "Accumulation of rab4GTP in the cytoplasm and association with the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase pin1 during mitosis". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 11 (7): 2201–11. doi:10.1091/mbc.11.7.2201. PMC   14913 . PMID   10888662.
• Verdecia MA, Bowman ME, Lu KP, Hunter T, Noel JP (Aug 2000). "Structural basis for phosphoserine-proline recognition by group IV WW domains". Nature Structural Biology. 7 (8): 639–43. doi:10.1038/77929. PMID   10932246. S2CID   20088089.
• Rippmann JF, Hobbie S, Daiber C, Guilliard B, Bauer M, Birk J, Nar H, Garin-Chesa P, Rettig WJ, Schnapp A (Jul 2000). "Phosphorylation-dependent proline isomerization catalyzed by Pin1 is essential for tumor cell survival and entry into mitosis". Cell Growth & Differentiation. 11 (7): 409–16. PMID   10939594.
• Liu W, Youn HD, Zhou XZ, Lu KP, Liu JO (May 2001). "Binding and regulation of the transcription factor NFAT by the peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase Pin1". FEBS Letters. 496 (2–3): 105–8. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02411-5 . PMID   11356192. S2CID   7707812.
• Wulf GM, Ryo A, Wulf GG, Lee SW, Niu T, Petkova V, Lu KP (Jul 2001). "Pin1 is overexpressed in breast cancer and cooperates with Ras signaling in increasing the transcriptional activity of c-Jun towards cyclin D1". The EMBO Journal. 20 (13): 3459–72. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.13.3459. PMC   125530 . PMID   11432833.
• Kamimoto T, Zama T, Aoki R, Muro Y, Hagiwara M (Oct 2001). "Identification of a novel kinesin-related protein, KRMP1, as a target for mitotic peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (40): 37520–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M106207200 . PMID   11470801.

External links

• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt : Q13526 (Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1) at the PDBe-KB .