Pamianthe

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Peruvian daffodil
Pamianthe peruviana1CURTIS.jpg
Pamianthe peruviana [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Genus: Pamianthe
Stapf [2] [3]
Type species
Pamianthe peruviana

Pamianthe is a genus of South American bulbous perennials in the Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. [4] They can be found in sandy, but rocky areas in Colombia, [5] Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. [2] [6]

Contents

Papery thin seeds of Pamianthe peruviana Pamianthe peruviana Stapf seeds.jpg
Papery thin seeds of Pamianthe peruviana
Germinating Pamianthe peruviana Stapf seed with emerging leaf Germinating Pamianthe peruviana Stapf seed.jpg
Germinating Pamianthe peruviana Stapf seed with emerging leaf

Description

Immature Pamianthe peruviana Stapf bulb Immature Pamianthe peruviana Stapf bulb.jpg
Immature Pamianthe peruviana Stapf bulb

Generative characteristics

The plants produce umbels of large, fragrant white flowers in the spring. They resemble daffodils, hence the common name Peruvian daffodil for at least one of the species. Pamianthe pollen grains are large and the surface structure is coarsely reticulate. [7] The winged, flattened seeds of Pamianthe have a brownish-black seed coat. [8]

Species

As of July 2019, Plants of the World Online accepts three species: [2]

Formerly included [10]

see Leptochiton

Conservation

Pamianthe peruviana is believed to be extinct in the wild. [11] Pamianthe parviflora is classified as vulnerable (VU). [12]

Ecology

Pollination

The flowers may possibly be moth-pollinated. [13]

Related Research Articles

<i>Eucrosia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Eucrosia is a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family distributed from Ecuador to Peru. The name is derived from the Greek eu, beautiful, and krossos, a fringe, referring to the long stamens. As circumscribed in 2020, the genus contains six species. Phaedranassa and Rauhia are the genera most closely related to Eucrosia.

<i>Ismene</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Ismene, or Peruvian daffodil, is a genus of South American plants in the Amaryllis family. The species are native to Peru and Ecuador and widely cultivated elsewhere as ornamentals because of their large, showy flowers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Griffineae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

The Griffineae is a tribe in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. It includes 3 genera with 22 species endemic to Brazil in South America. A typical character of the representatives of the tribe are the flowers - They are blue or lilac and collected into an umbel. Only the members of this tribe and the genus Lycoris are able to form flowers with such color in the whole subfamily Amaryllidoideae of Amaryllidaceae. The species in this group are typically perennial and produce bulbs. The leaves are green, with elliptical form in most of the cases but in some members, as in Worsleya, they are sword-shaped.

<i>Griffinia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Griffinia is a genus of Brazilian plants in the Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. It includes 23 known species which are endemic to Brazil. The most closely related genus to it is the monotypic Worsleya.

<i>Urceolina amazonica</i> Species of plant

Urceolina amazonica, formerly known as Eucharis amazonica, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to Peru. It is cultivated as an ornamental in many countries and naturalized in Venezuela, Mexico, the West Indies, Ascension Island, Sri Lanka, Fiji, the Solomon Islands and the Society Islands. The English name Amazon lily is used for this species, but is also used for some other species of the genus Urceolina.

Alan W. Meerow is an American botanist, born in New York City in 1952. He specializes in the taxonomy of the family Amaryllidaceae and the horticulture of palms and tropical ornamental plants. He also works on the population genetics and molecular systematics of cycads and palms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaryllidaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus Amaryllis and is commonly known as the amaryllis family. The leaves are usually linear, and the flowers are usually bisexual and symmetrical, arranged in umbels on the stem. The petals and sepals are undifferentiated as tepals, which may be fused at the base into a floral tube. Some also display a corona. Allyl sulfide compounds produce the characteristic odour of the onion subfamily (Allioideae).

<i>Stenomesson</i> Genus of plants

Stenomesson is a genus of bulbous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae. All the species are native to western South America.

<i>Clinanthus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Clinanthus is a genus of bulbous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is found in western South America, including Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, north Chile and north west Argentina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaryllidoideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plants

Amaryllidoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales. The most recent APG classification, APG III, takes a broad view of the Amaryllidaceae, which then has three subfamilies, one of which is Amaryllidoideae, and the others are Allioideae and Agapanthoideae. The subfamily consists of about seventy genera, with over eight hundred species, and a worldwide distribution.

<i>Paramongaia</i> Species of plant

Paramongaia is a genus of South American plants in the Narcissus Family ( Amaryllidaceae), the most important species being Paramongaia weberbaueri found only in the Andes of Peru and Bolivia. Common names are "giant Peruvian daffodil." and Cojomaria. Its appearance resembles the "King Alfred" Daffodil, but the flower is up to 7.25 inches in length by 7.5 inches wide with a corona 3.3 inches by 3 inches long by three inches wide.

<i>Urceolina</i> Species of plant

Urceolina is a genus of South American plants in the amaryllis family native to Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, and Peru. It has also been introduced to many South and Central American states, as well as India and Sri Lanka. The formerly accepted genera Eucharis and Caliphruria are now regarded as synonyms of this genus. Many species of this genus share the common name Amazon lily.

<i>Leptochiton</i> (plant) Genus of plant

Leptochiton is a genus of South American plants in the Amaryllis family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pancratieae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Pancratieae are a small European tribe of subfamily Amaryllidoideae, consisting of two genera including the type genus, Pancratium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eustephieae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Eustephieae is a flowering plant tribe in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. It forms part of the Andean clade, one of two clades in The Americas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eucharideae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Eucharideae is a tribe of plants within the family Amaryllidaceae. It was augmented in 2000 by Meerow et al. following a molecular phylogenetic study that revealed that many elements of the tribe Stenomesseae segregated with it, rather than separately, and were subsequently submerged in it. Further revisions were made in 2020, when three genera were merged. It forms one of the tribes of the Andean subclade of the American clade of the subfamily.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clinantheae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Clinantheae is a tribe, where it forms part of the Andean clade, one of two American clades. The tribe was described in 2000 by Alan Meerow et al. as a result of a molecular phylogenetic study of the American Amaryllidoideae. This demonstrated that the tribe Stenomesseae, including the type genus Stenomesson was polyphyletic. Part of the tribe segregated with the Eucharideae and were submerged into it, while the other part formed a unique subclade. Since the type species of Stenomesson was not part of the second subclade, it was necessary to form a new name for the remaining species together with the other genera that remained. This was Clinanthus, the oldest name for these species, and consequently the tribe Clinantheae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hymenocallideae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Hymenocallideae is a tribe, where it forms part of the Andean clade, one of two American clades. The tribe was originally recognised by both Meerow (1995) and the Muller-Doblies' (1996). Its phylogenetic position within the Amaryllidoideae was established by Meerow et al. in 2000, while in-depth infratribal relationships were established in 2002.

Clinanthus elwesii is a species of plant in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is native to Peru. John Gilbert Baker, the English botanist who first formally described the species using the synonymous name Callithauma viridiflorum var. elwesii, named it in after Henry John Elwes, another English botanist who grew the specimen Baker examined.

<i>Pamianthe peruviana</i> Species of flowering plant

Pamianthe peruviana, also known as the giant Peruvian daffodil, is a species of epiphytic plant native to seasonally dry areas of Peru and Bolivia.

References

  1. 1933 illustration from Botanical Magazine 156: plate 9315
  2. 1 2 3 "Pamianthe Stapf". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2019-07-03.
  3. Stapf, Otto 1933. Gardeners' Chronicle & Agricultural Gazette ser. 3. 93: 106
  4. Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae
  5. 1 2 Meerow, Alan W.; Silverstone-Sopkin, Philip A.; Zuluaga-Tróchez, Alejandro; Sánchez-Taborda, Jhon A. (2019-01-17). "A remarkable new species of Pamianthe (Amaryllidaceae) from the Department of Cauca, Colombia". PhytoKeys (115). Pensoft Publishers: 73–82. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.115.30755 . ISSN   1314-2003. PMC   6345734 . PMID   30692867.
  6. Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia, Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis
  7. Meerow, A. W., & Dehgan, B. (1988). Pollen Morphology of the Eucharideae (Amaryllidaceae). American Journal of Botany, 75(12), 1857–1870. https://doi.org/10.2307/2444740
  8. Meerow, A. W., & Dehgan, B. (1985). The Auriculate Pollen Grain of Hymenocallis quitoensis Herb. (Amaryllidaceae) and its Systematic Implications. American Journal of Botany, 72(4), 540–547. https://doi.org/10.2307/2443586
  9. Meerow, Alan W.; Gardner, Elliot M.; Nakamura, Kyoko (2020-11-05). "Phylogenomics of the Andean Tetraploid Clade of the American Amaryllidaceae (Subfamily Amaryllidoideae): Unlocking a Polyploid Generic Radiation Abetted by Continental Geodynamics". Frontiers in Plant Science. 11. Frontiers Media SA: 582422. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.582422 . ISSN   1664-462X. PMC   7674842 . PMID   33250911.
  10. WCSP, World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew , retrieved 2015-04-07, search for "Pamianthe"
  11. Kew’s iconic Orchid festival returns for 2025 celebrating the spectacular flora and fauna of Peru. (2024, September 12). Kew. Retrieved November 25, 2024, from https://www.kew.org/about-us/press-media/orchids-2025-announcement
  12. Oleas, N. & Pitman, N. 2003. Pamianthe parviflora. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2003: e.T42808A10754194. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T42808A10754194.en. Accessed on 25 November 2024.
  13. Meerow, A. W. (2010). Convergence or reticulation? Mosaic evolution in the canalized American Amaryllidaceae. Diversity, phylogeny and evolution in the monocotyledons, 145-168.