Panaeolus foenisecii

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Panaeolus foenisecii
Panaeolus foenisecii Cupertino.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Bolbitiaceae
Genus: Panaeolus
Species:
P. foenisecii
Binomial name
Panaeolus foenisecii
(Pers.) R.Maire (1933)
Synonyms [1]

Agaricus foeniseciiPers. (1800)
Prunulus foenisecii(Pers.) Gray (1821)
Psilocybe foenisecii(Pers.) Quél. (1872)
Drosophila foenisecii(Pers.) Quél. (1886)
Coprinarius foenisecii(Pers.) J.Schröt. (1889)
Psathyra foenisecii(Pers.) G.Bertrand (1901)
Panaeolina foenisecii(Pers.) Maire (1933)
Psathyrella foenisecii(Pers.) A.H.Sm. (1972)

Contents

Panaeolus foenisecii
Information icon.svg
Gills icon.png Gills on hymenium
Convex cap icon.svg Cap is convex
Adnexed gills icon2.svg Hymenium is adnexed
Bare stipe icon.svg Stipe is bare
Transparent spore print icon.svg
 Spore print is blackish-brown
Saprotrophic fungus.svgEcology is saprotrophic
Mycomorphbox Inedible.pngMycomorphbox Question.pngEdibility is inedible or unknown

Panaeolus foenisecii, commonly called the haymaker's panaeolus, [2] mower's mushroom, haymaker, or brown hay mushroom, is a very common and widely distributed little brown mushroom often found on lawns. It is not edible.

Description

The cap is 1 to 4 cm across, conic to convex, hygrophanous with a brownish colour when moist and tannish when dry, [2] often with a dark band around the margin which fades as the mushroom dries. [3]

The gills are broad, adnate, brown with lighter edges, becoming mottled as the spores mature. [3] The spore print is deep brown, sometimes purplish. [2]

The stipe is 3 to 8 cm by 1 to 3 mm, fragile, hollow, beige to light brown, [3] fibrous, [4] pruinose, and slightly striate.

It has a slightly unpleasant nutty fungal taste. The odor is nutty and slightly unpleasant.

Microscopic features

Spores measure 12–17 x 7–11  μm, subfusoid to lemon shaped, rough, dextrinoid, with an apical germ pore. Cheilocystidia subfusoid to cylindric or subcapitate, often wavy, up to 50  μm long. Pleurocystidia absent, but some authors report inconspicuous "pseudocystidia". The pileipellis a cellular cuticle with subglobose elements and has pileocystidia. [5]

Similar species

Similar species include Agaricus campestris , Conocybe apala , Marasmius oreades , Psathyrella candolleana , and Psathyrella gracilis . [3]

It is sometimes mistaken for the psychedelic Panaeolus cinctulus or P. olivaceus, both of which share the same habitat and can be differentiated by their jet black spores. This is probably why P. foenisecii is occasionally listed as a psychoactive species in older literature.[ original research? ]

Habitat and distribution

It can be found throughout North America. [6] In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, the species may be the most common to appear in lawns. [4] It is also found on lawns along the East Coast.

Biochemistry

In 1963, Tyler and Smith found that this mushroom contains serotonin, 5-HTP and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. [7] In many field guides it is listed as psychoactive, but the mushroom does not produce any hallucinogenic effects as it only contains trace amounts of psilocybin. [2] [8]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Panaeolus foenisecii (Pers.) Maire 1933". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2017-08-14.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Arora, David (1986) [1979]. Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. p. 360. ISBN   978-0-89815-170-1.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 211–212. ISBN   978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC   797915861.
  4. 1 2 Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 200–201. ISBN   978-0-88192-935-5.
  5. ↑ "Panaeolus foenisecii (Pers.) Maire 1933". Mushroomexpert.com. Retrieved 2013-03-03.
  6. ↑ Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. p. 613. ISBN   978-0-593-31998-7.
  7. ↑ Tyler VE, Smith AH (1963). "Protoalkaloids in Panaeolus species". In Mothes K, Schroter HB (eds.). 2 Internationale Arbeitstagung Biochemie und Physiologie der Alkaloide. Berlin, Germany. pp. 45–54.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ↑ John W. Allen & Mark D. Merlin. "Observations Regarding the Suspected Psychoactive Properties of Panaeolus foenisecii Maire" . Retrieved 2012-06-10.
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