Parenchymia

Parenchymia
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Subkingdom:	Eumetazoa
Clade:	ParaHoxozoa
Clade:	Bilateria
Clade:	Nephrozoa
Clade:	Protostomia
Clade:	Spiralia
Superphylum:	Lophotrochozoa
Clade:	Parenchymia
Phyla
Platyhelminthes Nemertea

Parenchymia is a proposed clade encompassing Nemertea and Platyhelminthes. The clade was suggested in a 2019 study showing the clade as a sister to Annelida, with both groups together being sister to Lophophorata. The synapomorphies include similar organization of ciliary bands in the larva of both groups, as well as a lack of chitin, and is named for the abundant parenchyma found between the body wall and internal organs of both. ^[1] A similar taxon, with Mollusca being likewise linked together with Symbion and Entoprocta, has been proposed in a clade called Tetraneuralia. ^[2]

Phylogeny

Protostomia	Ecdysozoa   Spiralia   (s.l.)  / Gnathifera   Lophotrochozoa  /    Tetraneuralia     Mollusca Entoprocta     Gastrotricha   Lophophorata       Ectoprocta Phoronida Brachiopoda Annelida   Parenchymia     Platyhelminthes Nemertea   Platytrochozoa  /  Spiralia   (s.s.)   Gnathospiralia

References

1. Marlétaz, Ferdinand; Peijnenburg, Katja T.C.A.; Goto, Taichiro; Satoh, Noriyuki; Rokhsar, Daniel S. (2019-01-21). "A New Spiralian Phylogeny Places the Enigmatic Arrow Worms among Gnathiferans" (PDF). Current Biology. 29 (2): 312–318.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.042 . ISSN   0960-9822. PMID   30639106. S2CID   58562919.
2. Bleidorn, Christoph (2019-08-22). "Recent progress in reconstructing lophotrochozoan (spiralian) phylogeny". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 19 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 557–566. doi:10.1007/s13127-019-00412-4. ISSN   1439-6092. S2CID   201283619.