Nephrozoa

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Nephrozoa
Temporal range: Ediacaran - Present, 558–0  Ma
Nephrozoa collage.pngChordata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
Clade: ParaHoxozoa
Clade: Bilateria
Clade: Nephrozoa
Jondelius et al. , 2002
Subdivisions
Synonyms

Eubilateria Ax, 1987

Nephrozoa is a proposed major clade of bilaterian animals. Under this hypothesis, Xenacoelomorpha forms the earliest diverging branch of Bilateria, with all other bilaterians placed in Nephrozoa. It contrasts with the Xenambulacraria hypothesis, which instead posits that Xenacoelomorpha is most closely related to Ambulacraria (usually placed as deuterostomes). [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Which hypothesis is correct has been debated, and as of 2024 the issue is unresolved. [7] [8]

Contents

Below is a proposed phylogenetic tree of Nephrozoa:

Bilateria

References

  1. ↑ Philippe, Hervé; Poustka, Albert J.; Chiodin, Marta; Hoff, Katharina J.; Dessimoz, Christophe; Tomiczek, Bartlomiej; Schiffer, Philipp H.; et al. (2019). "Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria". Current Biology. 29 (11): 1818–1826.e6. Bibcode:2019CBio...29E1818P. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009. hdl: 21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1 . ISSN   0960-9822. PMID   31104936. S2CID   155104811.
  2. ↑ Marlétaz, Ferdinand (2019-06-17). "Zoology: Worming into the Origin of Bilaterians". Current Biology. 29 (12): R577 –R579. Bibcode:2019CBio...29.R577M. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.006 . ISSN   0960-9822. PMID   31211978.
  3. ↑ Kapli, Paschalia; Telford, Maximilian J. (11 Dec 2020). "Topology-dependent asymmetry in systematic errors affects phylogenetic placement of Ctenophora and Xenacoelomorpha". Science Advances. 6 (10): eabc5162. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.5162K. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abc5162 . PMC   7732190 . PMID   33310849.
  4. ↑ Kapli, Paschalia; Natsidis, Paschalis; Leite, Daniel J.; Fursman, Maximilian; Jeffrie, Nadia; Rahman, Imran A.; Philippe, Hervé; Copley, Richard R.; Telford, Maximilian J. (2021-03-19). "Lack of support for Deuterostomia prompts reinterpretation of the first Bilateria". Science Advances. 7 (12): eabe2741. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.2741K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe2741. PMC   7978419 . PMID   33741592.
  5. ↑ Marlétaz, Ferdinand; Peijnenburg, Katja T.C.A.; Goto, Taichiro; Satoh, Noriyuki; Rokhsar, Daniel S. (2019-01-21). "A New Spiralian Phylogeny Places the Enigmatic Arrow Worms among Gnathiferans". Current Biology. 29 (2): 312–318.e3. Bibcode:2019CBio...29E.312M. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.042 . PMID   30639106.
  6. ↑ Schiffer, Philipp H; Natsidis, Paschalis; Leite, Daniel J; Robertson, Helen E; Lapraz, François; Marlétaz, Ferdinand; Fromm, Bastian; Baudry, Liam; Simpson, Fraser; Høye, Eirik; Zakrzewski, Anne C; Kapli, Paschalia; Hoff, Katharina J; Müller, Steven; Marbouty, Martial (2024-08-07). "Insights into early animal evolution from the genome of the xenacoelomorph worm Xenoturbella bocki". eLife. 13. doi: 10.7554/eLife.94948 . ISSN   2050-084X. PMC   11521371 . PMID   39109482.
  7. ↑ Abalde, Samuel; Jondelius, Ulf (2025-02-10). Whelan, Nathan (ed.). "A Phylogenomic Backbone for Acoelomorpha Inferred From Transcriptomic Data". Systematic Biology. 74 (1): 70–85. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syae057. ISSN   1063-5157. PMC   11809588 . PMID   39451056.
  8. ↑ Robertson, Helen E.; Sebé-Pedrós, Arnau; Saudemont, Baptiste; Loe-Mie, Yann; Zakrzewski, Anne-C.; Grau-Bové, Xavier; Mailhe, Marie-Pierre; Schiffer, Philipp; Telford, Maximilian J.; Marlow, Heather (2024-03-19). "Single cell atlas of Xenoturbella bocki highlights limited cell-type complexity". Nature Communications. 15 (1): 2469. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.2469R. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45956-y. ISSN   2041-1723. PMC   10951248 . PMID   38503762.

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