Partula suturalis

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Partula suturalis
Partula suturalis.jpeg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Order: Stylommatophora
Family: Partulidae
Genus: Partula
Species:
P. suturalis
Binomial name
Partula suturalis
Pfeiffer, 1855

Partula suturalis, commonly called the moorean viviparous tree snail or the sutural partula, is a species of air-breathing tropical land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Partulidae. This species was endemic to the island of Moorea, French Polynesia. It is now extinct in the wild. It was previously listed as extinct in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, [1] but has been moved to extinct in the wild since 2009. [1] This error was the result of changing taxonomy (the subspecies were previously considered to be separate species).

Contents

Subspecies

Extinction in the Wild

Partula suturalis was extirpated due to the introduction of the carnivorous land snail Euglandina rosea (the rosy wolfsnail). In 1977, biologists deliberately released the rosy wolfsnail onto Moorea Island in an effort to control a previously introduced invasive species, the giant African land snail, Lissachatina fulica . This release coincided with additional releases of rosy wolfsnails on Tahiti and other Society Islands in the 1980s and 1990s. The release of rosy wolfsnails on Moorea island resulted in the extirpation of all 9 of the Moorean Partula species including Partula suturalis. [3] By 1987, there were no remaining populations of Partula suturalis in the wild. [4]

Interventions before extinction created captive populations of two of the four subspecies in international zoos and universities. The Partulid Global Species Management Programme manages the global captive population.

Reintroduction efforts

Reintroduction of Moorean Partula snails, including Partula suturalis, was attempted in 1994. However, the field reserve created on Moorea island struggled with repeated predator incursions and was shut down in 1998. The experiment was successful in validating that individuals bred in captivity were capable of reproducing in the wild. [5] Continued reintroduction efforts will be challenged by the continued spread of the invasive rosy wolfsnail.

Related Research Articles

<i>Euglandina rosea</i> Species of gastropod

Euglandina rosea, the rosy wolfsnail or cannibal snail, is a species of medium-sized to large predatory air-breathing land snail, a carnivorous terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae.

<i>Eua zebrina</i> Species of gastropod

Eua zebrina is a species of tropical air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Partulidae. This species is endemic to American Samoa.

Partula aurantia, common name the Moorean viviparous tree snail, was a species of air-breathing tropical land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Partulidae. This species was endemic to French Polynesia. It is now extinct.

<i>Partula dentifera</i> Extinct species of gastropod

Partula dentifera is an extinct species of air-breathing tropical land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Partulidae. This species was endemic to the Raiatea in the Society Islands of French Polynesia, where the last live individual was seen in 1972. It was officially declared extinct by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in June 2024.

Partula exigua, common name the Moorean viviparous tree snail, was a species of air-breathing tropical land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Partulidae. This species was endemic to the island of Moorea in French Polynesia. It is now extinct.

<i>Partula hebe</i> Species of gastropod

Partula hebe is a species of air-breathing tropical land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Partulidae. This species was endemic to Ra'iātea, French Polynesia. It is now extinct in the wild.

Partula mirabilis, common name the Moorean viviparous tree snail, is a species of air-breathing tropical land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Partulidae. This species was endemic to the island of Moorea, French Polynesia. It is now extinct in the wild.

<i>Partula mooreana</i> Species of gastropod

Partula mooreana, common name the Moorean viviparous tree snail, is a species of air-breathing tropical land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Partulidae. This species was endemic to French Polynesia. It is now extinct in the wild.

<i>Partula rosea</i> Species of gastropod

Partula rosea is a species of air-breathing tropical land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Partulidae.

<i>Partula taeniata</i> Species of gastropod

Partula taeniata, common name the Moorean viviparous tree snail, is a species of terrestrial gastropod in the Partulidae family. It is endemic to French Polynesia.

<i>Partula tohiveana</i> Species of gastropod

Partula tohiveana, one of several species with the common name Moorean viviparous tree snail, is a species of air-breathing tropical land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Partulidae. This species was endemic to highlands on Moorea, French Polynesia. It is now extinct in the wild.

Partula tristis is a species of air-breathing tropical land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Partulidae. This species was endemic to Ra'iātea, French Polynesia. It is now extinct in the wild. It is informally known as the mournful tree snail.

<i>Samoana</i> Genus of gastropods

Samoana is a genus of tropical, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Partulidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Partulidae</span> Family of gastropods

Partulidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea.

Moorean viviparous tree snail can refer to any one of several species of mollusc:

<i>Partula</i> (gastropod) Genus of gastropods

Partula is a genus of air-breathing tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Partulidae.

Eua montana is a species of tropical air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Partulidae.

Eua globosa is a species of tropical air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Partulidae. It is endemic to the island of 'Eua, Tonga.

†Partula pearcekellyi, also known as Pearce-Kelly's tree snail, is an extinct species of arboreal gastropod in the family Partulidae which was endemic to Raiatea in the Society Islands of French Polynesia. It has been recently listed as extinct by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in June 2024, though it most likely went extinct between 1991 and 1992.

Partula magistri was a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Partulidae. It was endemic to the island of Raiatea in the Society Islands of French Polynesia. It is known from a single shell collected in 1992, and no individuals have been found since then.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Coote, T. (2009). "Partula suturalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2009: e.T16281A5596154. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T16281A5596154.en . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. ↑ "Partula suturalis dendroica". National Center for Biotechnology Information - Taxonomy browser. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  3. ↑ Lee, Teahwan; Burch, John B; Coote, Trevor; Pearce-Kelly, Paul; Hickman, Carole; Meyer, Jean-Yves; Foighil, Diarmaid (2009). "Moorean tree snail survival revisited: a multi-island genealogical perspective". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9: 204. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-204 . PMC   3087522 . PMID   19686604.
  4. ↑ Coote, Trevor; Loeve, Eric (January 2003). "From 61 species to five: endemic tree snails of the Society Islands fall prey to an ill-judged biological control programme" (PDF). Oryx. 37 (1): 91. doi: 10.1017/S0030605303000176 . Retrieved 28 April 2019.
  5. ↑ Coote, Trevor; Clarke, Dave; Hickman, Carole Jean Stentz; Murray, James; Pearce-Kelly, Paul (July 2004). "Experimental Release of Endemic Partula Species, Extinct in the Wild, into a Protected Area of Natural Habitat on Moorea". Pacific Science. 58 (3): 429. doi:10.1353/psc.2004.0028. S2CID   20812190.

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