Partulidae

Partulidae
Partula radiolata
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Order:	Stylommatophora
Suborder:	Helicina
Infraorder:	Pupilloidei
Superfamily:	Pupilloidea
Family:	Partulidae Pilsbry, 1900

Partulidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea. ^[1]

The family is endemic to Pacific islands. ^{[2] [3] [4]}

Genera

The Partulidae are divided into five genera: ^{[4] [5]}

• Eua has four species, confined to Tonga and Samoa.
• Palaopartula Pilsbry, 1909- has three species, restricted to the Palau.
• Partula Pilsbry, 1909 - has about 100 species, distributed from New Guinea to the Society Islands.
• Samoana Pilsbry, 1909 - has about 23 species, distributed in Polynesia and the Mariana Islands.
• Sphendone has a single species from the Palau.

This cladogram shows the phylogenic relationships of genera in the family Partulidae: ^{[4] [6]}

Partulidae	Partula Samoana Palaopartula Eua Sphendone

Synonyms

• AegaHartman, 1881: synonym of Samoana (Marquesana)Pilsbry, 1909 represented as SamoanaPilsbry, 1909
• AstraeaHartman, 1881: synonym of PartulaA. Férussac, 1821
• ClytiaHartman, 1881: synonym of PartulaA. Férussac, 1821
• EchoHartman, 1881: synonym of Partula (Leptopartula) Pilsbry, 1909: synonym of PartulaA. Férussac, 1821
• EvadneHartman, 1881: synonym of SamoanaPilsbry, 1909
• HarmoniaHartman, 1881: synonym of Partula (Marianella)Pilsbry, 1909: synonym of v
• HelenaHartman, 1881: synonym ofPartulaA. Férussac, 1821
• LatiaHartman, 1881: synonym of Samoana (Marquesana)Pilsbry, 1909 represented as SamoanaPilsbry, 1909 (unavailable; a junior homonym of Latia Gray, 1850 [Latiidae])
• Marianna Pilsbry, 1909: synonym of Partula (Marianella) Pilsbry, 1909: synonym of PartulaA. Férussac, 1821
• MatataHartman, 1881: synonym of PartulaA. Férussac, 1821
• NeniaHartman, 1881: synonym of PartulaA. Férussac, 1821
• OenoneHartman, 1881: synonym of PartulaA. Férussac, 1821
• PasitheaHartman, 1881: synonym of PartulaA. Férussac, 1821(junior synonym)
• Rennellia Clench, 1941: synonym of PartulaA. Férussac, 1821 (junior synonym)
• Scilistylus Iredale, 1941: synonym ofPartulaA. Férussac, 1821
• SteropeHartman, 1881: synonym of Partula (Melanesica)Pilsbry, 1909: synonym of PartulaA. Férussac, 1821

Anatomy

Partula gibba

Partula langfordi

Samoana fragilis

In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table). ^[7]

Significance

The Partulidae represent a significant species radiation and were important in the development of modern evolutionary studies through the work of Henry Crampton in the early 20th century and later by Bryan Clarke, James Murray and Michael Johnson.

Status

Most Partulidae species have declined since 1974 and a very large proportion are extinct. The main threat to their survival has been the introduction of the predatory snail Euglandina rosea . ^[4]

References

1. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Partulidae Pilsbry, 1900. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=162663 on 2021-12-12
2. Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed at http://animaldiversity.org.
3. ITIS Standard Report Page: Partulidae
4. Gerlach, J. (2016) Icons of Evolution - Pacific island tree snails, family Partulidae. Phelsuma Press, Cambridge
5. Cowie, R.H. (1992). Evolution and Extinction of Partulidae, Endemic Pacific Island Land Snails. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, Vol. 335, No. 1274 (Feb. 29, 1992), pp. 167-191.
6. Lee T., Burch J. B., Coote T., Pearce-Kelly P., Hickman C., Meyer J.-Y. & Foighil D. O. (18 August 2009). "Moorean tree snail survival revisited: a multi-island genealogical perspective". BMC Evolutionary Biology 9: 204. doi : 10.1186/1471-2148-9-204
7. Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs . CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN   0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

• Gerlach J. (2016). Icons of evolution: Pacific Island tree-snails of the family Partulidae. Phelsuma Press. ISBN   978-0-99322-033-3

External links

• Partulidae evolution, diversity and conservation Partula Pages
• Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia. 47 (1-2): 1-397