Penstemon cyaneus

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Penstemon cyaneus
Penstemon cyananthus subglaber (4045123439).jpg
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Plantaginaceae
Genus: Penstemon
Species:
P. cyaneus
Binomial name
Penstemon cyaneus

Penstemon cyaneus is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common names blue penstemon and dark blue penstemon. It is native to the western United States, where it is widespread in Idaho and also found in parts of Montana and Wyoming.

Contents

Description

Penstemon cyaneus is a Perennial plant with stems that grow straight upwards (erect) or grow outwards and then curve to grow upright. They are usually 30 to 80 centimeters tall, but occasionally will be just 17 cm when full grown. Stems are hairless and may be somewhat glaucous, coated in natural waxes. [2] The stems and leaves sprout from a branched and woody caudex. [3]

Plants have both basal and cauline leaves, those that sprout from the base of the plant and attached to the stems. Dark blue penstemons always have hairless leaves, but they vary in being leathery or glaucous. The leaves lowest on the stems and the basal leaves are 5 to 17 centimeters in length, but just 0.8 to 3.5 cm in width and usually less than 2.5 cm. Their shape ranges from oblanceolate to elliptic with tapering bases. [2] Lower leaves are petiolate, attached to the plant by leaf stems, while upper ones have short petioles or attach directly to the stem. [3] Stems will have three to seven pairs of stems with the uppermost sometimes clasping the stem. [2]

The flowers are blue, sometimes with a pinkish tinge. [3] The flowers may be as much as 34 millimeters long, but more often are 24–30 mm in length with a diameter of 8–11 mm. [2] They are attractive to bees. [3]

Taxonomy

The botanist Francis W. Pennell published the scientific description and name of Penstemon cyaneus in 1920. It has no synonyms or varieties. [4]

Names

The scientific name, cyaneus, means blue. Similarly, in English it is known by the common name blue penstemon or dark blue penstemon. [5] It may also be called dark blue beardtongue. [1]

Range and habitat

Penstemon cyaneus grows in three states near and in the Rocky Mountains. It is most widespread in Idaho where it grows from Idaho County southward. In Montana it grows in just a southwestern area near Yellowstone National Park. In Wyoming it can be found in the northwest quadrant of the state. [6]

This plant grows on high plains and in sagebrush steppes in open areas. [3]

Conservation

In 1992 dark blue penstemon was evaluated by NatureServe and found to be secure (G5). At the state level they rated it as vulnerable (S3) in Wyoming and have not evaluated it at the state level in the rest of its range. [1]

This species may be used in revegetation projects in wildlife habitat. It is also appropriate for landscaping in dry areas such as roadsides. It may be difficult to use because it is vulnerable to root rot infections. [3]

See also

Related Research Articles

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Penstemon azureus is a flowering plant species known by the common name azure penstemon. It is native to the mountains of Oregon and northern California. It grows in coniferous forests and woodlands in the Klamath Mountains, North California Coast Ranges, Southern Cascade Range, and Northern Sierra Nevada.

<i>Penstemon centranthifolius</i> Plant species in the plantain family

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<i>Penstemon clevelandii</i> Plant species in the plantain family

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<i>Penstemon grandiflorus</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae

Penstemon grandiflorus, known by the common names shell-leaved penstemon, shell-leaf beardtongue, or large-flowered penstemon, is a tall and showy plant in the Penstemon genus from the plains of North America. Due to its large flowers it has found a place in gardens, particularly ones aimed at low water usage like xeriscape gardens.

<i>Penstemon acuminatus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon acuminatus is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common names sharpleaf penstemon and sand-dune penstemon. It is native to the dry interior of the northwestern United States.

<i>Penstemon angustifolius</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon angustifolius is a perennial semi-evergreen forb belonging to the plantain family. This species is 1 out of roughly 273 species of Penstemon. This species is also known as broadbeard beardtongue. This forb is native to central United States and can be noticed by its brightly and highly variable colored flowers.

<i>Penstemon attenuatus</i> Species of flowering plant

Penstemon attenuatus is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common names sulphur penstemon and taperleaf beardtongue. It is native to the northwestern United States.

<i>Penstemon comarrhenus</i> Plant species in the family

Penstemon comarrhenus is a perennial plant in the plantain family (Plantaginaceae) found in the Colorado Plateau and Canyonlands region of the southwestern United States.

<i>Penstemon cyanocaulis</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon cyanocaulis, the bluestem penstemon or bluestem beardtongue, is a perennial plant in the plantain family (Plantaginaceae) found in the Colorado Plateau and Canyonlands region of the southwestern United States.

<i>Penstemon cobaea</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon cobaea is a flowering plant in the plantain family, commonly known as Cobaea beardtongue, prairie penstemon or foxglove penstemon. The plant is native to the central United States, primarily the Great Plains from Nebraska to Texas, with additional populations in the Ozarks of Missouri and Arkansas. There are also populations reported in the southwestern United States as well as in Illinois and Ohio, but these appear to be introductions.

<i>Penstemon brevisepalus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon brevisepalus, commonly known as short-sepaled beardtongue, is an herbaceous plant in the plantain family. It is a perennial that produces pale lavender flowers in late spring.

<i>Penstemon calycosus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon calycosus, commonly called long-sepal beardtongue, is a species of plant in the plantain family (Plantaginaceae). It is native to eastern North America, where it native to the Upper South and Midwestern United States. It expanded its range into the northeast United States in the early 20th century. Its natural habitat is in open woodlands, prairies, and bluffs, often over limestone.

<i>Penstemon australis</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon australis is a perennial plant native to the southeastern United States, with the common name Eustis Lake penstemon.

<i>Penstemon virens</i> Species of flowering plant

Penstemon virens, commonly known as blue mist penstemon, Front Range penstemon, or Green beardtongue, is a common Penstemon in the Front Range foothills in Colorado and Wyoming. The dainty flowers are an ornament to many rocky or sandy area within its range. It is confusingly similar to Penstemon humilis and Penstemon albertinus though the ranges of these plants do not overlap in the wild. The origin of calling it the "blue mist penstemon" is not precisely known, but is thought to relate to the large number of blue flowers the plant can produce reminding observers of a blue mist.

<i>Penstemon albidus</i> Species of flowering plant

Penstemon albidus, commonly known as white penstemon, white-flower beardtongue, or Red-Line Beardtongue is a very widespread perennial flower of the mixed-grass and shortgrass prairies. Its natural distribution is from Manitoba and Alberta in Canada to Texas and New Mexico in the United States. The bright white flowers for which they are named are quite attractive to both bees and hummingbird moths.

<i>Penstemon cyathophorus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon cyathophorus, commonly known as cupped penstemon or Middle Park penstemon, is a species of flowering plant that grows in a small area in the mountains of northern Colorado and a smaller area of southern Wyoming. As a rare species with a limited range it is vulnerable to human development. It is not a large plant and is often found growing amid sagebrush plants in mountain basins and valleys.

<i>Penstemon arenicola</i> Plant species in the family

Penstemon arenicola, commonly known as Red Desert penstemon, is a species of plant from the Western United States. It primarily grows in Wyoming, but it also grows in small areas of Colorado and Utah. It is a short plant known for growing in sand as referenced by its scientific name.

<i>Penstemon albifluvis</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon albifluvis, the White River penstemon, is a disputed species or variety of Penstemon that grows in a small area in eastern Utah and western Colorado. It grows mainly on broken shale and rock formations in desert habitats. White River penstemon is very rare.

<i>Penstemon watsonii</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon watsonii is a flowering plant that grows largely in Nevada, Utah, and Colorado. It grows in dry rocky areas and has blue to violet flowers.

<i>Penstemon ophianthus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon ophianthus, the coiled anther penstemon, is a species of small perennial plant in the plantain family. It has very noticeable dark violet lines on its flowers over a lighter blue-lavender color. The species grows in the plateaus and canyon lands of western Colorado and New Mexico, northern Arizona, and southern Utah.

References

  1. 1 2 3 NatureServe (1 November 2024). "Penstemon cyaneus". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Freeman, Craig C. (29 July 2020) [2019]. "Penstemon cyaneus". Flora of North America . p. 164. ISBN   978-0190868512. OCLC   1101573420. Archived from the original on 16 November 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tilley, Derek; St. John, Loren; Ogle, Dan; Shaw, Nancy (2012). "Blue Penstemon (Penstemon cyaneus)" (PDF). Plant Guide. Aberdeen, Idaho: USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service. Aberdeen Plant Materials Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2021.
  4. "Penstemon cyaneus Pennell". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  5. Schreier, Carl (1996). A Field Guide to Wildflowers of the Rocky Mountains (First ed.). Moose, Wyoming: Homestead Publishing. p. 164. ISBN   978-0-943972-13-8. LCCN   89081183. OCLC   36031766 . Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  6. Penstemon cyaneus, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Profile, 16 November 2024