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A grammatical case is a category of nouns and noun modifiers that corresponds to one or more potential grammatical functions for a nominal group in a wording. In various languages, nominal groups consisting of a noun and its modifiers belong to one of a few such categories. For instance, in English, one says I see them and they see me: the nominative pronouns I/they represent the perceiver and the accusative pronouns me/them represent the phenomenon perceived. Here, nominative and accusative are cases, that is, categories of pronouns corresponding to the functions they have in representation.
In linguistics, syntax is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns of syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning (semantics). There are numerous approaches to syntax that differ in their central assumptions and goals.
In linguistics, grammatical number is a feature of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions. English and other languages present number categories of singular or plural, both of which are cited by using the hash sign (#) or by the numero signs "No." and "Nos." respectively. Some languages also have a dual, trial and paucal number or other arrangements.
English grammar is the set of structural rules of the English language. This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and whole texts.
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In linguistics, inalienable possession is a type of possession in which a noun is obligatorily possessed by its possessor. Nouns or nominal affixes in an inalienable possession relationship cannot exist independently or be "alienated" from their possessor. Inalienable nouns include body parts, kinship terms, and part-whole relations. Many languages reflect the distinction but vary in how they mark inalienable possession. Cross-linguistically, inalienability correlates with many morphological, syntactic, and semantic properties.
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Language complexity is a topic in linguistics which can be divided into several sub-topics such as phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic complexity. The subject also carries importance for language evolution.
English determiners are words – such as the, a, each, some, which, this, and numerals such as six – that are most commonly used with nouns to specify their referents. The determiners form a closed lexical category in English.
Proto-Romance is the comparatively reconstructed ancestor of the Romance languages. It is effectively Late Latin viewed retrospectively through its descendants.
References
- ↑ Matthews, P. H. (2014-05-22), "'pertensive'", The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780199675128.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-967512-8 , retrieved 2021-01-18
- ↑ Remijsen, Bert; Ayoker, Otto Gwado (2017). "Shilluk noun morphology and noun phrase morphosyntax". Research gate.
- ↑ Sarvasy, Hannah S. (2017-01-01). Grammatical Relation-Marking Postpositions. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-34010-7.
- ↑ Abondolo, Daniel (2017-05-10). "Uralic Languages". Oxford Handbooks Online. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935345.013.6. ISBN 978-0-19-993534-5 . Retrieved 2021-01-18.
- ↑ Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.; Dixon, R. M. W., eds. (2012). "Possession in Martuthunira - Oxford Scholarship". oxford.universitypressscholarship.com. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199660223.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-966022-3 . Retrieved 2021-01-18.
- ↑ Dixon, R.M.W. (2011). Basic Linguistic Theory – Volume 2: Grammatical Topics. OUP.
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