Phaneroptera nana

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Phaneroptera nana
Phaneroptera laticera male 2.jpg
Phaneroptera nana. Male
Phaneroptera nana female (7973618058).jpg
Female
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Suborder: Ensifera
Family: Tettigoniidae
Subfamily: Phaneropterinae
Tribe: Phaneropterini
Genus: Phaneroptera
Species:
P. nana
Binomial name
Phaneroptera nana
Fieber, 1853
Synonyms
  • Phaneroptera nana nana Fieber, 1853
  • Phaneroptera quadripunctata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878

[1]

Close-Up of a Phaneroptera nana

Phaneroptera nana, common name southern sickle bush-cricket, is a species in the family Tettigoniidae and subfamily Phaneropterinae. [2] It has become an invasive species in California where it may be called the Mediterranean katydid.

Contents

Distribution and habitat

This bush cricket is native to mainland Europe, the Near East and North Africa. [3] The Indo-Malayan species Phaneropera subcarinata, described by Bolívar, is morphologically similar to P. nana, and was classified under the P. nana name by Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl. [4] As an invasive species, it has spread to the San Francisco Bay Area and may be widespread in the Los Angeles Basin, with records of its presence in California dating from at least 1952. [5] [6] In addition, it has been recorded in Portland, Oregon since 2015 and South America and hypothesized in the Annals of Carnegie Museum to have spread via shipping. [7]

It mainly inhabits sunny and dry habitats, especially shrubs and low branches of trees. [8] [9] [10]

Description

The adult males grow up to 13–15 millimetres (0.51–0.59 in) long, while females can reach 15–18 millimetres (0.59–0.71 in) of length. In both sexes, the basic coloration of the body is light green, with many small black spots. The eyes are bright orange. In some individuals, there may be a brown dorsal stripe where the forewings (tegmina) meet, though the stripe does not extend onto the pronotum. [11] The hindwings are longer than the tegmina, with the tegmina approximately three-fourths of the length of the hindwings. [11] [12] In some specimens, the tegmina reach the apex of the posterior femurs. [13] In adult males, the cerci are prominent and curved, while in adult females, the ovipositor is about 5 millimetres (0.20 in) long and has the shape of a sickle. [11] [9] [14]

P. nana and P. falcata are similar in appearance and may be confused for each other in parts of Europe, and elsewhere where the ranges of the two species overlap. These two species may be distinguished by the appearance of the male subgenital plate and the protonum. In P. nana, the male subgenital plate tapers near the end of the body, while in P. falcata, it diverges into two lobes. The protonum of P. nana is narrower than it is tall, while in P. falcata, the protonum is roughly the same width and length, if not longer than tall. [11]

Reproduction

The Mediterranean katydid (Phaneroptera nana) female sings in response to the male, prompting the male to move towards the female. This is unique to the species, because in other species of katydids, it is usually the female moving towards the male in response to hearing their chirps. However, because the females stay static while the males move to locate them, the females are at less risk of encountering threats and predators. However, the males will not decide to interact with a female unless they illicit a response within 60 milliseconds, ensuring that the female is close enough to them. [15]

The females are selective of the males they respond to, and generally they prefer longer chirps. At least two chirps from the males are needed for the female to entertain the males and reply to them. However, more chirps than that from the males do not make the females more likely to duet with the males. [16]

The female Mediterranean katydids lay their eggs in the lamina of plants. The female does this by bending her abdomen and chewing on the lamina to create an opening. The eggs she lays around 3mm in size on average. Those eggs usually hatch in summertime but that can vary. [17] The timing means that P. nana is usually easily encountered through the summer and fall seasons. [9]

Diet

P. nana is known to cause damage in pear orchards, feeding on pears that have not ripened. [18] In addition, it has been recorded to consume the pupae of L. botrana. [19]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tettigoniidae</span> Family of insects

Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned grasshoppers". More than 8,000 species are known. Part of the suborder Ensifera, the Tettigoniidae are the only extant (living) family in the superfamily Tettigonioidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orthoptera</span> Order of insects including grasshoppers, crickets, weta and locusts

Orthoptera is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets, including closely related insects, such as the bush crickets or katydids and wētā. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – grasshoppers, locusts, and close relatives; and Ensifera – crickets and close relatives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Speckled bush-cricket</span> Species of cricket-like animal

The speckled bush-cricket is a flightless species of bush-cricket belonging to the family Tettigoniidae. The species was originally described as Locusta punctatissima in 1792.

<i>Saga pedo</i> Species of cricket-like animal

Saga pedo is a species of wingless bush cricket from the southern half of Europe and western and central Asia. This brown or green bush cricket typically has a total length, from the head to the tip of the ovipositor, of up to 10.5 cm (4.1 in), but exceptionally it may reach 12 cm (4.7 in), which makes it one of the largest European insects and one of the world's largest Orthoptera. The head-and-body alone typically is 5–7 cm (2.0–2.8 in) long in adults, but may reach up to 7.8 cm (3.1 in).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cricket (insect)</span> Small insects of the family Gryllidae

Crickets are orthopteran insects which are related to bush crickets, and, more distantly, to grasshoppers. In older literature, such as Imms, "crickets" were placed at the family level, but contemporary authorities including Otte now place them in the superfamily Grylloidea. The word has been used in combination to describe more distantly related taxa in the suborder Ensifera, such as king crickets and mole crickets.

<i>Phaneroptera</i> Genus of cricket-like animals

Phaneroptera is an Old World genus of bush crickets in the family Tettigoniidae and is the type genus of the subfamily Phaneropterinae. It was described by Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville in 1831 and species are recorded from Europe, Africa and Asia.

<i>Metaplastes pulchripennis</i> Species of cricket-like animal

Metaplastes pulchripennis, common name Italian ornate bush-cricket, is a species of 'katydids crickets' belonging to the family Tettigoniidae subfamily Phaneropterinae.

<i>Eupholidoptera chabrieri</i> Species of cricket-like animal

Eupholidoptera chabrieri is a species of katydid belonging to the subfamily Tettigoniinae.

<i>Tettigonia cantans</i> Species of cricket-like animal

Tettigonia cantans is a species of bush crickets belonging to the family Tettigoniidae subfamily Tettigoniinae.

<i>Yersinella raymondii</i> Species of cricket-like animal

Yersinella raymondii, common name Raymond's bush-cricket, is a species of "katydids crickets" belonging to the family Tettigoniidae subfamily Tettigoniinae. The scientific name Yersinella comes from the name of the entomologist who has described the species in 1860.

Panoploscelis is a genus of very large insects belonging to the true katydid tribe Eucocconotini, which is a subfamily of the Tettigoniidae. Like the other members of the suborder Ensifera, Panoploscelis are part of the insect order Orthoptera, which also contains crickets, grasshoppers and locusts. Members of this genus are among the largest katydids of the Neotropics.

<i>Barbitistes obtusus</i> Species of cricket-like animal

Barbitistes obtusus, the southern saw-tailed bush-cricket or Alpine saw bush-cricket, is a species of bush crickets in the subfamily Phaneropterinae.

<i>Tegra novaehollandiae</i> Species of cricket-like animal

Tegra novaehollandiae is a species of bush crickets in the tribe Cymatomerini and the subfamily Pseudophyllinae; it is native to tropical Asia.

<i>Phaneroptera falcata</i> Species of cricket-like animal

Phaneroptera falcata, the sickle-bearing bush-cricket, is a species of Orthopterans belonging to the subfamily Phaneropterinae. It is mostly herbivorous and commonly measures 24 to 36 mm long. It lives mainly in warm scrub and grasslands areas, also on dry shrubbery and in sand pits and gardens.

Gryllus integer, commonly known as the western trilling cricket, is one of many species of field cricket in the genus Gryllus. It is called the "triller" field cricket because its song is nearly continuous rather than broken into discrete chirps. G. integer can be found in parts of the Western United States, having been recorded from Oregon, California, Arizona and New Mexico.

<i>Sepiana</i> Species of cricket-like animal

Sepiana sepium, common name sepia bush-cricket, is a species of bush crickets belonging to the tribe Platycleidini and genus group Platycleis. It is the only species within the monotypic genus Sepiana.

<i>Ephippiger perforatus</i> Species of cricket-like animal

Ephippiger perforatus, the North Apennine saddle bush-cricket, is a species of insect in the family Tettigoniidae.

Metaplastes ornatus is a species of bush cricket in the family Tettigoniidae.

<i>Caedicia simplex</i> Species of insect

Caedicia simplex is a species of bush cricket or katydid, native to New Zealand and Australia. A common name is the "common garden katydid".

<i>Siliquofera</i> Subfamily of cricket-like animals

Siliquofera is a genus of bush cricket in the subfamily Phyllophorinae that includes only one species, Siliquofera grandis, which is fairly common and widespread in rainforest canopies of New Guinea and nearby smaller islands, and seemingly rare in Australia where only found in the remote Iron Range region. This very well-camouflaged, green and leaf-like bush cricket is one of the world's largest Orthoptera, with adults typically having a length of 10.7–13 cm (4.2–5.1 in) and a wingspan of 25–27 cm (9.8–10.6 in); it can weigh more than 30 g (1.1 oz).

References

  1. ↑ BioLib
  2. ↑ Eades D.C., Otte D., Naskrecki P.: Orthoptera Species File Online
  3. ↑ Fauna europaea
  4. ↑ Karny, H. (1921). "Katydids (Tettigonioidea) of the Philippine Islands collected by C.F. Baker". Philippine Journal of Science. 18: 607–617.
  5. ↑ "Mediterranean katydid (Phaneroptera nana)".
  6. ↑ "Mediterranean katydid (Phaneroptera nana)". orthsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-11-11.
  7. ↑ Bruner, Lawrence (1922). "Saltatorial Orthoptera from South America and the Isle of Pines". Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 13: 5–91.
  8. ↑ Ivkovic. 2017. Turkish Journal of Zoology 41(6):1084
  9. 1 2 3 Ostravska Univerzita (in Czech)
  10. ↑ Kočárek P., Holuša J., Vlk R., Marhoul P. & Zuna-Kratky T. (2008). "Recent expansions of the bush-crickets Phaneroptera falcata and Phaneroptera nana (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) in the Czech Republic" Articulata. 23 (1): 65–75.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Collins, G. A.; Hodge, P. J.; Edwards, M.; Phillips, A. (2007). "Sickle-bearing bush-cricket, Phaneroptera falcata (Poda) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), breeding in south-east England". British Journal of Entomology and Natural History. 20 (3): 133–137.
  12. ↑ Chopard. 1922. Keys at Faune de France (in French)
  13. ↑ Griffini. 1908 Memoires de la Societé Entomologique Belgique
  14. ↑ Strano16
  15. ↑ Tauber, Eran; Cohen, Dan; Greenfield, Michael D.; Pener, Meir Paul (2001). "Duet singing and female choice in the bushcricket Phaneroptera nana". Behaviour. 138 (4): 411–430. JSTOR   4535831.
  16. ↑ Tauber, E.; Pener, M.P. (2000-02-01). "Song recognition in female bushcrickets Phaneroptera nana". Journal of Experimental Biology. 203 (3): 597–603. doi:10.1242/jeb.203.3.597. PMID   10637188.
  17. ↑ Viggiani, Gennaro (2021). "Biological notes on some egg parasitoids of Phaneroptera nana Fieber, 1853 (Orthoptera Tettigoniidae) with description of a new species of Aprostocetus Westwood, 1833 (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) from Italy". Biodiversity Journal. 12 (2): 289–295. doi: 10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2021.12.2.289.295 .
  18. ↑ "Katydids / Pear / Agriculture: Pest Management Guidelines / UC Statewide IPM Program (UC IPM)". UC IPM. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  19. ↑ Reiff, Jo Marie; Kolb, Sebastian; Entling, Martin H.; Herndl, Thomas; Möth, Stefan; Walzer, Andreas; Kropf, Matthias; Hoffmann, Christoph; Winter, Silvia (March 2021). "Organic Farming and Cover-Crop Management Reduce Pest Predation in Austrian Vineyards". Insects. 12 (3): 220. doi: 10.3390/insects12030220 . PMC   7999927 . PMID   33806420.
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