Phaneropterinae | |
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Female Phaneroptera nana | |
Male Isophya pyrenaea | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Orthoptera |
Suborder: | Ensifera |
Family: | Tettigoniidae |
Subfamily: | Phaneropterinae Burmeister, 1838 [1] |
Synonyms | |
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The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae. [2] [3] They are also known as false katydids [4] or round-headed katydids. [2]
The name Phaneropterinae is based upon the Old World genus Phaneroptera (type species P. falcata ), meaning "visible wing"; [5] this refers to the exposed tips of the inner wings seen in many species, although some genera, notably in the tribes Barbitistini and Odonturini have become brachypterous.
The legs of individuals in this subfamily vary from genus to genus, but, as in nearly all Orthoptera, the posterior (rear) legs are adapted to leaping, and as such are always much longer than other legs. Phaneropterinae are generally well-camouflaged with green and brown colors being most prevalent, but there are exceptions including certain Aganacris and Scaphura that are Batesian mimics of wasps. [6]
The Phaneropterinae are largely arboreal in habitat. [2] The vast majority of species live in shrubs and trees, feeding on leaves and twigs. [2] Some species might potentially cause significant damage, though usually superficial, when present in large numbers, but this is rare; they usually are solitary, unlike meadow grasshoppers, so much so that they seldom come to human notice. [2]
The ovipositor and male genitalia vary according to the genus. The Phaneropterinae differ from other subfamilies of Tettigoniidae (and other Orthoptera) in their oviposition; their eggs are rarely deposited in the earth, but are either glued in double rows to twigs, or are inserted in the edges of leaves. [2]
The subfamily Phaneropterinae was first erected in 1838 by German zoologist Hermann Burmeister. [3] As of January 2024 [update] , Orthoptera Species File lists the following tribes, subtribes, genus groups, and genera. [3]
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Europe, the Middle East
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Africa
Auth.: Jacobson, 1905 – Europe to central Asia
Auth.: Massa, 2016 – Africa
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, India, China, Indochina to Australia
Auth.: Rehn, 1950 – tropical Americas
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – tropical Americas
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 – Asia
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Asia-Pacific
Auth.: Rehn, & Hebard, 1914 – tropical & subtropical Americas
Auth.: Massa, 2017 – eastern Africa
Auth.: Hebard, 1922 – Asia
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Asia
Auth.: Karsch, 1890 - central and western Africa
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Iberian peninsula, Africa, Pacific islands
Auth.: Karsch, 1889 - Africa
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 - Africa
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America
Auth.: Burmeister, 1838 – distributed worldwide
Auth.: Karsch, 1889 – Africa
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa
Auth.: Karsch, 1890 – Africa
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 – Central and South America
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – subtropical and tropical parts of the Americas
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Sri Lanka
Auth.: Gorochov, 2014 – China, Indochina, Malesia
Auth.: Bei-Bienko, 1954 – Middle East, India, Malaysia
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Europe, Middle East, western Asia
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa, Asia
Auth.: Karsh, 1890 - tropical Africa
Genus groups include:
These genera have not been placed in a tribe:
Giant cockroaches, or blaberids, are the second-largest cockroach family by number of species. Mostly distributed in warmer climates worldwide, this family is based on the American genus Blaberus, but much of the diversity is also found in Africa and Asia.
The subfamily Catantopinae is a group of insects classified under family Acrididae. Genera such as Macrotona may sometimes called "spur-throated grasshoppers", but that name is also used for grasshoppers from other subfamilies, including the genus Melanoplus from the Melanoplinae.
The grasshopper subfamily Acridinae, sometimes called silent slant-faced grasshoppers, belong of the large family Acrididae in the Orthoptera: Caelifera.
The Romaleidae or lubber grasshoppers are a family of grasshoppers, based on the type genus Romalea. The species in this family can be found in the Americas. It is known to be polyphagous, but there is not much else known regarding its diet.
The Tettigoniinae are a subfamily of bush crickets or katydids, which contains hundreds of species in about twelve tribes.
The subfamily Pseudophyllinae contains numerous species in the family Tettigoniidae, the katydids or bush crickets. Sometimes called "true katydids", together with the crickets of suborder Ensifera, they form part of the insect order Orthoptera which also contains grasshoppers.
Gomphocerinae, sometimes called "slant-faced grasshoppers", are a subfamily of grasshoppers found on every continent but Antarctica and Australia.
Phalangopsinae, occasionally known as spider crickets, are a subfamily of crickets in the family Phalangopsidae. Members of Phalangopsinae are found worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. Most species in the subfamily are nocturnal and can be found in rocky areas, near fallen wood, and the understory of forests. Some species are gregarious, gathering in large numbers.
Meconematinae is a subfamily of the bush crickets, with a worldwide distribution.
Mecopodinae are a subfamily of bush crickets found in western South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia. In Asia, the distribution includes India, Indochina, Japan, the Philippines, and Malesia to Papua New Guinea and Australasia, including many Pacific islands.
Mogoplistidae is a family of scaly crickets and allies within the superfamily Grylloidea. Considered to be monophyletic, a sister taxon to the Gryllidae crickets. This family consists of more than 370 species worldwide; 20 species in 4 genera occur in North America and this family includes the scaly crickets of Europe.
Conocephalinae, meaning "conical head", is an Orthopteran subfamily in the family Tettigoniidae.
Oxyinae is subfamily of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. Species are distributed throughout Africa and Australasia.
Romaleinae is a subfamily of lubber grasshoppers in the family Romaleidae, found in North and South America. More than 60 genera and 260 described species are placed in the Romaleinae.
The Pyrgomorphinae are a subfamily of grasshoppers in the family Pyrgomorphidae. Species are found in, predominantly in the warmer regions of: Central and South America, southern Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and Pacific Islands. The type genus is Pyrgomorpha and names dates from "Pyrgomorphiden" by Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1874. The first use of Pyrgomorphinae was by Krauss in 1890.
Quiva is a South American genus of bush cricket in the subfamily Phaneropterinae.
Arantia is a genus of bush crickets in the tribe Holochlorini, erected by Carl Stål in 1874, with species found in tropical Africa.
Ducetia is the type genus of the Ducetiini: a tribe of bush crickets. The genus was erected by Carl Stål and species have a widespread distribution in Africa, Asia and Australia.