Acrididae | |
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Bark mimicking grasshopper, Coryphistes ruricola (Catantopinae) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Orthoptera |
Suborder: | Caelifera |
Superfamily: | Acridoidea |
Family: | Acrididae MacLeay, 1819 |
Subfamilies | |
See text | |
Synonyms | |
Acridiidae MacLeay 1821 |
Acrididae, [2] commonly called short-horned grasshoppers, [3] are the predominant family of grasshoppers, comprising some 10,000 of the 11,000 species of the entire suborder Caelifera. The Acrididae are best known because all locusts (swarming grasshoppers) are of the Acrididae. The subfamily Oedipodinae is sometimes classified as a distinct family Oedipodidae in the superfamily Acridoidea. Acrididae grasshoppers are characterized by relatively short and stout antennae, and tympana on the side of the first abdominal segment.
The Orthoptera Species File (September 2021) lists the following subfamilies of Acrididae. The numbers of genera and species are approximate and may change over time.
The subfamily Catantopinae is a group of insects classified under family Acrididae. Genera such as Macrotona may sometimes called "spur-throated grasshoppers", but that name is also used for grasshoppers from other subfamilies, including the genus Melanoplus from the Melanoplinae.
Bandwings, or band-winged grasshoppers, are the subfamily Oedipodinae of grasshoppers classified under the family Acrididae. They have a worldwide distribution and were originally elevated to full family status as the Oedipodidae. Many species primarily inhabit xeric weedy fields, and some are considered to be important locusts:
The grasshopper subfamily Acridinae, sometimes called silent slant-faced grasshoppers, belong of the large family Acrididae in the Orthoptera: Caelifera.
The Melanoplinae are a subfamily of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. They are distributed across the Holarctic and Neotropical realms. They are one of the two largest subfamilies in the Acrididae. As of 2001 the Melanoplinae contained over 800 species in over 100 genera, with more species being described continuously.
The Romaleidae or lubber grasshoppers are a family of grasshoppers, based on the type genus Romalea. The species in this family can be found in the Americas.
Gomphocerinae, sometimes called "slant-faced grasshoppers", are a subfamily of grasshoppers found on every continent but Antarctica and Australia.
Eumastacidae are a family of grasshoppers sometimes known as monkey- or matchstick grasshoppers. They usually have thin legs that are held folded at right angles to the body, sometimes close to the horizontal plane. Many species are wingless and the head is at an angle with the top of the head often jutting above the line of the thorax and abdomen. They have three segmented tarsi and have a short antenna with a knobby organ at the tip. They do not have a prosternal spine or tympanum. Most species are tropical and the diversity is greater in the Old World. They are considered primitive within the Orthoptera and feed on algae, ferns and gymnosperms, the more ancient plant groups.
Rhytidochrotinae is a subfamily of grasshoppers from the family Acrididae with 20 genera and 47 species. This group is found from southern Central America to northern South America with most species distributed in montane forests. The highest concentration of species are found on the Pacific coast and in the West Andes of Colombia with 11 genera and 23 species registered. Many are brightly colored in reds, especially males, and most species are apterous.
Oxyinae is subfamily of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. Species are distributed throughout Africa and Australasia.
Podismini is a tribe of "spur-throated grasshoppers" in the family Acrididae. This tribe is unlike others in the subfamily Melanoplinae in that genera are found throughout the northern hemisphere, with a substantial number occurring outside the Americas.
The Eyprepocnemidinae are a subfamily of Acrididae in the Orthoptera: Caelifera. Species can be found in Africa, mainland Europe and Asia.
The Hemiacridinae are a subfamily of Acrididae in the Orthoptera: Caelifera. Species can be found in Africa and Asia.
Romaleinae is a subfamily of lubber grasshoppers in the family Romaleidae, found in North and South America. More than 60 genera and 260 described species are placed in the Romaleinae.
The Pyrgomorphinae are a sub-family of grasshoppers in the family Pyrgomorphidae. Species are found in, especially the warmer parts of: Central and South America, southern Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and Pacific Islands. The type genus is Pyrgomorpha and names dates from "Pyrgomorphiden" by Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1874. The first use of Pyrgomorphinae was by Krauss in 1890.
Copiocerinae is a subfamily of short-horned grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There are at least 20 genera in Copiocerinae, found in southern North America, Central America, and South America.
Proctolabinae is a subfamily of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There are more than 20 genera and 210 described species which are found in South America.
Heteracris is a genus of short-horned grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There are more than 60 described species in Heteracris, found in Africa, southern Europe, and manland Asia through to India.
The Ommatolampidinae are a subfamily of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae, found in central and South America, and based on the type genus Ommatolampis. Derived from the "Ommatolampides" used by Brunner von Wattenwyl in 1893, the first use of the name in its current form was by Rodríguez et al. in 2013; this taxon appears to be paraphyletic.
The Euryphyminae are a subfamily of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae, based on the type genus Euryphymus and may be called "agile grasshoppers"; it was erected by Vitaly Michailovitsh Dirsh in 1956. Species have been recorded from parts of sub-Saharan Africa including Madagascar.