Pisutiella

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Pisutiella
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Teloschistales
Family: Teloschistaceae
Genus: Pisutiella
S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas (2020)
Type species
Pisutiella conversa
(Kremp.) S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas (2020)
Species

P. congrediens
P. conversa
P. grimmiae
P. ivanpisutii
P. phaeothamnos

Contents

Pisutiella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains five species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens that are found in a variety of environments in the Northern Hemisphere. [1]

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in 2020 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, László Lőkös, and Edit Farkas, with Pisutiella conversa assigned as the type species. [2] This species was originally described in 1861 by August von Krempelhuber as Callopisma conversum, [3] and was later known as a member of the large genus Caloplaca . The genus name was chosen by the authors to honour the Slovak lichenologist Ivan Pišút (1935–2017), "to acknowledge his great contribution to our knowledge on lichens of the Carpathians and in recognition of his general contribution to lichenology". [2]

Pisutiella is in the subfamily Caloplacoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. [2]

Description

The lichen genus Pisutiella features a crustose thallus that varies greatly in appearance depending on the species. It can be well-developed, with a thick, areolate structure ranging in colour from grey to light grey, brownish grey, or blackish grey when found on rock surfaces. In some cases, it presents as distinct, orbicular patches on the thalli of host lichens. The thallus can also be reduced to just a few brown to deep brownish-grey areoles or may be entirely absent, particularly when Pisutiella grows on other lichens. When the thallus of Pisutiella is fully developed it is characteristically thick with a well-formed cortical layer, although it does not produce vegetative diaspores. [2]

The apothecia, or spore-producing structures, of Pisutiella can be lecanorine or zeorine with a margin that matches the colour of the thallus. Over time, this margin may fade. The apothecial discs shows a variety of colours, ranging from dull brownish tones to reddish brown or rusty brown, and they can also be blackish brown. Some species have biatorine apothecia with a distinct yellow-orange margin. These are either immersed or semi-immersed in the thallus. The epihymenium , or the top layer above the hymenium, is a dull yellowish colour. [2]

The asci, the sac-like structures where spores are formed, are clavate (club-shaped) and of the Teloschistes -type, typically containing eight spores each. The ascospores are polardiblastic and ellipsoid in shape, occasionally with a noticeable swelling at the septum. Conidiomata, which are asexual reproductive structures, follow the Xanthoria type, and the conidia – asexual spores – are widely fusiform or slightly pyriform in shape. [2]

Chemically, the thallus usually does not react to potassium hydroxide (i.e., the K spot test), or in rare instances, the cortical layer may show a light pink reaction. The apothecial disc reacts to potassium hydroxide turning red, while the epihymenium turns purple. While the content of anthraquinone in the apothecial disc is often not investigated, lichen products such as parietin, emodin, and fallacinal have been documented in some Pisutiella species. [2]

Habitat and distribution

The genus Pisutiella can be found across a diverse range of plant communities and ecosystems throughout the Northern Hemisphere's continents. Pisutiella species are found primarily on scattered boulders rich in bases or containing lime in siliceous rocks, and occasionally on dense limestone and dolomite. They also grow on mosses or as lichen dwellers, inhabiting the bodies and fruiting structures of lichens such as Aspicilia epiglypta and various other Aspicilia species, along with Candelariella vitellina , C. coralliza , and other crustose lichen species. These lichens occupy elevations ranging from 600 to 2,200 m (2,000 to 7,200 ft) across various ecological zones, with the exception of damp, non-mountainous environments. [2]

Species

As of November 2023, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts five species of Pisutiella: [1]

Pisutiella furax(Egea & Llimona) S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas (2020) is one species that was originally proposed for inclusion in the genus, [2] but it is now classified in genus Kuettlingeria as Kuettlingeria furax . [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teloschistaceae</span> Family of lichen-forming fungi

The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. Many members of the Teloschistaceae are readily identifiable by their vibrant orange to yellow hue, a result of their frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone pigments, which confer protection from ultraviolet light, enabled this group to expand from shaded forest habitats to harsher environmental conditions of sunny and arid ecosystems during the Late Cretaceous. Collectively, the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, although members occur predominantly in subtropical and temperate regions. Although most members are lichens that either live on rock or on bark, about 40 species are lichenicolous fungi–meaning they live on other lichens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Physciaceae</span> Family of lichen-forming fungi

The Physciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. A 2016 estimate placed 19 genera and 601 species in the family.

Neobrownliella brownlieae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed in Australia.

Coppinsidea is a genus of two species of crustose lichens in the family Ramalinaceae. It was circumscribed in 2019 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Edit Farkas, and Laszlo Lőkös with Coppinsidea sphaerella designated as the type species. Species of Coppinsidea are similar in appearance and morphology to Thamnolecania, but differ from them in having a thallus that is crustose, mostly convex to almost spherical apothecia that are lecideine or biatorine in structure, as well as in being distributed in the Northern Hemisphere.

Kaernefia is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species, found in Australia or South Africa.

Huneckia is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Caloplacoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species.

Gallowayella aphrodites is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in the Mediterranean countries Greece, Cyprus, and Italy. Characteristics of the lichen include its small thallus, the disposition of the rhizines on the thallus undersurface, and the lack of vegetative propagules.

Neobrownliella is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has five species. The genus was circumscribed in 2015 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Jack Elix, Ingvar Kärnefelt, and Arne Thell, with Neobrownliella brownlieae assigned as the type species. It is a segregate of the large genus Caloplaca. Characteristics of Neobrownliella include a thallus that is continuous or areolate, the presence of anthraquinones as lichen products, a cortical layer with a palisade paraplectenchyma, and the lack of a thick palisade cortical layer on the underside of the thalline exciple. Two species were included in the original circumscription of the genus; an additional three species were added in 2020.

Kashiwadia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus was circumscribed in Sergey Kondratyuk, László Lőkös, and Jae-Seoun Hur in 2014 to contain the species Physcia orientalis, after molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the taxon occupied an isolated phylogenetic position in the Physciaceae. An additional five species were added to the genus in 2021. The genus name honours Japanese lichenologist Hiroyuki Kashiwadani, who originally described the type species.

Tassiloa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two species.

Elixjohnia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in Australasia.

<i>Opeltia</i> Genus of lichens

Opeltia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens.

<i>Lendemeriella nivalis</i> Species of lichen

Lendemeriella nivalis is a species of muscicolous (moss-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first formally described as a new species in 1853 by German lichenologist Gustav Wilhelm Körber, who called it Zeora nivalis. Sergey Kondratyuk transferred it to the newly created genus Lendemeriella in 2020.

Fauriea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus, which contains seven species, is a member of the subfamily Caloplacoideae.

Eilifdahlia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in the Southern Hemisphere.

Hosseusiella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species of crustose to foliose (leafy) lichens, some of which grow on bark, while others grow on rock. All three occur in the southern part of the South American continent, where they are fairly common.

Rehmanniella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains five species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichens. The genus was circumscribed by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and Jae-Seoun Hur in 2018. The genus name honours Polish geographer, geomorphologist, botanist and explorer Anton Rehmann (1840–1917), who collected bryophytes and vascular plants in South Africa. The genus was originally circumscribed with Rehmanniella wirthii assigned as the type and only species. Four additional species were added to the genus in 2020.

Orientophila is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 15 species of mostly saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. All Orientophila species occur in Northeast Asia including China, Japan, South Korea, and the Russian Far East.

Olegblumia is a monotypic fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains the single species Olegblumia demissa, a saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen.

<i>Erichansenia epithallina</i> Species of lichen

Erichansenia epithallina is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is also a lichenicolous lichen species, meaning that it grows on other lichens. Many host genera have been recorded. It occurs in Europe and North America, including Arctic regions.

References

  1. 1 2 "Pisutiella". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Farkas, E.; Kärnefelt, I.; Thell, A.; Yamamoto, Y.; Hur, J.-S. (2020). "Three new genera of the Teloschistaceae proved by three gene phylogeny" (PDF). Acta Botanica Hungarica. 62 (1–2): 109–136. doi:10.1556/034.62.2020.1-2.7. S2CID   226056287.
  3. ↑ Krempelhuber, A von. (1861). "Die Lichenflora Bayerns oder Aufzählung der bisher in Bayern (diesseits des Rheins) aufgefundenen Lichenen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der verticalen Verbreitung dieser Gewächse in den Alpen". Denkschriften der Königlich-Baierischen Botanischen Gesellschaft in Regensburg (in German). 4 (2): 132.
  4. ↑ "Record Details: Pisutiella furax (Egea & Llimona) S.Y. Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas, in Kondratyuk, Lőkös, Farkas, Kärnefelt, Thell, Yamamoto & Hur, Acta bot. hung. 62(1-2): 122 (2020)". Index Fungorum . Retrieved 1 November 2023.
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